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Around 1241 the ] constructed a ] on the left shore of the Alle (Łyna) River on the border between the ] regions of ] and ].<ref name="Ostpreussen">''Ostpreußen.net''. . Accessed 1 April 2007. {{de icon}}</ref> The castle was part of the ]ei ]. It was first composed of block houses, ]s, and earthworks and later built from bricks.{{cn|date=April 2013}} Besieged by ] for four years during a ] beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt the castle shortly afterwards, but this was besieged by ] in 1273. After uprisings ended, the knights built the ] out of stone from 1274-80.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was administered by the ] of Balga. Around 1241 the ] constructed a ] on the left shore of the Alle (Łyna) River on the border between the ] regions of ] and ].<ref name="Ostpreussen">''Ostpreußen.net''. . Accessed 1 April 2007. {{de icon}}</ref> The castle was part of the ]ei ]. It was first composed of block houses, ]s, and earthworks and later built from bricks.{{cn|date=April 2013}} Besieged by ] for four years during a ] beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt the castle shortly afterwards, but this was besieged by ] in 1273. After uprisings ended, the knights built the ] out of stone from 1274-80.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was administered by the ] of Balga.


A settlement developed near the caste on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from Grand Master ] in 1332.{{cn|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too dangerous from warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> Komtur ] of Balga began construction of a ] for Bartenstein in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> A settlement developed near the caste on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from Grand Master ] in 1332.{{cn}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too dangerous from warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> Komtur ] of Balga began construction of a ] for Bartenstein in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


Bartenstein sided with the ] during the ] (1454–66). The Teutonic castle was destroyed by the town's citizens at the beginning of the war and was not rebuilt afterward. The townsfolk reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, it pawned the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire department of Bartenstein was pawned in 1513 to one of the ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not the ]) .<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> Bartenstein sided with the ] during the ] (1454–66). The Teutonic castle was destroyed by the town's citizens at the beginning of the war and was not rebuilt afterward. The townsfolk reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, it pawned the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire department of Bartenstein was pawned in 1513 to one of the ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not the ]) .<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
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! Year ! Year
! Number ! Number
! Remarks
|- |-
| 1729 || align="right" | 2,000
| 1729 || align="right" | 2,000<ref name="HHS" >''Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen'', Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, pp. 12–13.</ref> ||
|- |-
| 1785 || align="right" |2,780
⚫ | 1785 || align="right" |2,780 || in 307 households (''Feuerstellen''), without the garrison<br> (staff and five squadrons of an infantery regiment)<ref name="JFG">]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, </ref>
|- |-
| 1831 || align="right" | 3,603
| 1831 || align="right" | 3,603 <ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, </ref>
|- |-
| 1875 || align="right" | 6,460
| 1875 || align="right" | 6,460<ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref> ||
|- |-
| 1880 || align="right" | 7,132<ref name="VWG" /> || | 1880 || align="right" | 7,132
|- |-
| 1890 || align="right" | 6,442 || incl. 265 Catholics and 65 Jews<ref name="VWG" /> | 1890 || align="right" | 6,442
|- |-
| 1905 || align="right" | 6,805
| 1905 || align="right" | 6,805 || mostly Protestants<ref name="MKL" >''Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon'', 6th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 402.</ref>
|- |-
| 1925 || align="right" | 7,890 || mostly Protestants<ref name="GB" >''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> | 1925 || align="right" | 7,890
|- |-
| 1933 || align="right" | 8,717<ref name="HHS" /> || | 1933 || align="right" | 8,717
|- |-
| 1939 || align="right" | 11,268 || incl. 10,030 Protestants, 848 Catholics,<br> 139 other Christians and eleven Jews<ref name="HHS" /> | 1939 || align="right" | 11,268
|- |-
| 2009 || align="right" | 24,994 || | 2009 || align="right" | 24,994
|} |}

⚫ Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.<ref name="JFG">]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, </ref> <ref name="VWG" /><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref>


==Notable residents== ==Notable residents==

Revision as of 01:34, 29 May 2013

"Bartenstein" redirects here. For the German principality with a similar name, see Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Bartoszyce
Lidzbark gate (Heilsberger Tor)Lidzbark gate (Heilsberger Tor)
Flag of BartoszyceFlagCoat of arms of BartoszyceCoat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipWarmian-Masurian
CountyBartoszyce County
GminaBartoszyce (urban gmina)
Established1240
Town rights1326
Government
 • MayorKrzysztof Franciszek Nałęcz
Area
 • Total11 km (4 sq mi)
Population
 • Total24,994
 • Density2,300/km (5,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code11-200
Area code+48 89
Car platesNBA
Websitehttp://www.bartoszyce.pl

Bartoszyce (Template:Lang-de ) is a town on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland with 25,621 inhabitants (as of 2004). It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Geographical location

Bartoszyce is located on the left shore of river Alle (Łyna) in a valley, approximately 90 kilometers east of Elbląg and 55 kilometers south of Kaliningrad, at an altitude of 45 meters above sea level.

Church (built after 1332, 1360–80 and during 15th century)
Shopping road and public place in the city
Fountain in the vicinity of the town centre

History

Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights constructed a castle on the left shore of the Alle (Łyna) River on the border between the Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia. The castle was part of the Komturei Balga. It was first composed of block houses, palisades, and earthworks and later built from bricks. Besieged by Old Prussians for four years during a Prussian uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt the castle shortly afterwards, but this was besieged by Sudovians in 1273. After uprisings ended, the knights built the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274-80. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was administered by the Komtur of Balga.

A settlement developed near the caste on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name Rosenthal, it received town privileges from Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332. After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too dangerous from warfare. Komtur Henning Schindekopf of Balga began construction of a wall for Bartenstein in 1353.

Bartenstein sided with the Prussian Confederation during the Thirteen Years' War (1454–66). The Teutonic castle was destroyed by the town's citizens at the beginning of the war and was not rebuilt afterward. The townsfolk reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, it pawned the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire department of Bartenstein was pawned in 1513 to one of the Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (not the Grand Master) .

With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, Bartenstein became part of the Duchy of Prussia. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation; it then did not have a Catholic church until the 19th century.

Bartenstein became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807, the Treaty of Bartenstein. Administrative reform following the wars placed the town within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818.

The Ostpreußische Südbahn ran through Bartenstein in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a wagon factory. Bartenstein was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army, Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundation of the old castle was used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.

Never before in its entire history defeated by aggressors, in January 1945 during World War II, Bartenstein was 50-60% destroyed during fighting with the Soviet Red Army. After the Potsdam Conference, the town was placed under Polish administration in 1945 and since then remains as part of Poland. The German population was either evacuated or later expelled, and the town was repopulated with Poles and other Slavs.

The town, renamed Bartoszyce, was in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1975-1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.

Number of inhabitants by year

Year Number
1729 2,000
1785 2,780
1831 3,603
1875 6,460
1880 7,132
1890 6,442
1905 6,805
1925 7,890
1933 8,717
1939 11,268
2009 24,994

Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.

Notable residents

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — sister cities

Bartoszyce is twinned with:

References

  1. Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Ost und Westpreußen, Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X, pp. 12–13.
  2. ^ Ostpreußen.net. Geschichte der Stadt Bartoszyce - Bartenstein. Accessed 1 April 2007. Template:De icon
  3. Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.
  4. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Part I: Topographie von Ost-Preussen, Marienwerder 1785, p. 18, no. 1).
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Ostpreußen, Kreis Friedland/Bartenstein (2006).

External links

54°15′N 20°49′E / 54.250°N 20.817°E / 54.250; 20.817

Gminas of Bartoszyce County
Urban gminas Coat of arms
Urban-rural gminas
Rural gminas
Gmina Bartoszyce
Seat (not part of the gmina)
Villages
Categories: