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| The Hungarian '']'' ({{lang-hu|magyar őshaza}}) is the theoretical original homeland of the Magyars. The term ''urheimat'' comes from linguistics and tends to be reserved for discussion about language origin. As applied to national origin, it refers to the area where ancestors of the Magyars formed an ethnic unity, speaking a language ancestral to Hungarian, and practising ]. There is a consensus that the Hungarian ''urheimat'' in this ethnogenetic sense must have been located somewhere in the steppe zone south of the Ural Mountains.<ref name='Kristó-Engel-Makk'/><ref name='Csorba'/> | |||
| *One view<ref>”The locality in which the Magyars (…) emerged was between the Volga and the Ural Mountains”; ''Róna-Tas, András op. cit. p. 319.''</ref> states that the Magyar ''Urheimat'' is the same as the Ugric language group's ''urheimat'' on the western side of the Ural Mountains.<ref name='Róna-Tas'>{{Cite book| last = Róna-Tas | first = András | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages - An Introduction to Early Hungarian History | publisher = CEU Press | year = 1994 | location = Budapest / New York | page = | url = http://www.amazon.com/Hungarians-Europe-Early-Middle-Ages/dp/9639116483 | doi = | isbn = 963-9116-48-3}}</ref> The time when the proto-Magyars moved westwards from the regions east of the Ural Mountains and settled down in ] (around the region where the ] joins the ]) is still under debate.<ref name='Kristó (1993)'/> Their movement may have been caused by new ] of peoples in the 4th century AD, but it may have also connected to the appearance of a new archaeological culture (Kushnarenkovo culture) in the region in the 6th century AD.<ref name='Kristó (1993)'/> | |||
| *Another view claims that the ''urheimat'' is roughly the same area as ] to the east of the Ural Mountains, where the Khanty and Mansi peoples live today. Yugra also tends to be identified as the ] ''urheimat'' and not the earlier Ugric period; and thus the western side of the Urals in the vicinity of the ] is considered to be the Ugric language ''urheimat''.<ref>”The Ugrian 'Urheimat' was located in the Ural region, primarily on the western side. However, Ugrian splinter groups are known to have resided to the east of the Urals, too, by the time which the Magyars must have dwelt in the Volga–Kama region”; ''Róna-Tas, András op. cit. p. 319.''</ref> It is believed that the Magyars emerged from this western Ural ''Urheimat'', based upon early language influence from Permic peoples.<ref name='Róna-Tas'/> | |||
| *Approaches based on "map-stratification" have compared burial sites, ornamental motifs (tulips, cranes), leather and felt garments, mythological images, sacrificial cauldrons, folk poetry, folk music, lullabies, together with written documents and genetic findings to narrow down the most likely Magyar ''urheimat'' to the grassy land surrounded by four freshwater lakes (], ], ], and ]). From this land the migration of proto-Magyars progressed west, probably by more than one route, mainly via the ]-gap of the South-Ural mountains (indicated by cemeteries), to Levedia and later to Etelköz where they became the allies of the ]. Genetic evidence has linked early Magyars eastward as well to the ], living in East-Eurasia around the town of ] (today in China).<ref>Érdy, Miklós. ''A Magyarság Keleti Eredete és Hun Kapcsolatai'' (The Eastern Origins and Hun Connections of Hungarians). Kairosz Publisher, Budapest. 2010. ISBN 978-963-662-369-2.</ref> | |||
| Nevertheless some authors emphasize that the ''urheimat'' concept is outdated since the development of a people is continuous.<ref>”'Urheimats', then, should denote those major stages in the formation of a people which brought about significant change to the life of the members of the group (…); such changes may include a splinter group peeling off from the main community, the beginning of interaction with another people, the change of community life style, or a major migration”; ''Róna-Tas, András op. cit. p. 315.''</ref> | |||
| ==references== | |||
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