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| '''Everybody Draw Mohammed Day''' was an event held on May 20, 2010 in support of ] and freedom of artistic expression of those threatened with violence for drawing ]. It began as a protest against ] of an American television show, '']'', "]" by its distributor, ], in response to death threats against some of those responsible for two segments broadcast in April 2010. Observance of the day began with a drawing posted on the Internet on April 20, 2010, accompanied by text suggesting that "everybody" create a drawing representing ], on May 20, 2010, as a protest against efforts to limit ]. | |||
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| U.S. ]ist Molly Norris of ], ], created the artwork in reaction to Internet death threats that had been made against cartoonists ] and ] for depicting Muhammad in an episode of '']''. ] are explicitly forbidden by a few ]s (sayings of and about Muhammad), though not by the ].<ref>{{cite web |url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4674864.stm |title =Q&A: Depicting the Prophet Muhammad |publisher =BBC News |date =February 2, 2006 |accessdate=February 8, 2013 }}</ref> Postings on RevolutionMuslim.com (under the pen name Abu Talha al-Amrikee; later identified as ]) had said that Parker and Stone could wind up like ], a Dutch filmmaker who was stabbed and shot to death.<ref name="Theo van Gogh murder">{{cite news|title=Life of slain Dutch film-maker|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3975211.stm|accessdate=May 22, 2012|newspaper=]|date=November 2, 2004}}</ref> | |||
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| Norris said that if people draw pictures of Muhammad, ] would not be able to murder them all, and threats to do so would become unrealistic. Within a week, Norris' idea became popular on ], was supported by numerous ], and generated coverage on the blog websites of major U.S. newspapers. As the publicity mounted, Norris and the man who created the first Facebook page promoting the May 20 event disassociated themselves from it. Nonetheless, planning for the protest continued with others "taking up the cause".<ref name="erases"/> Facebook had an "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" page, which grew to over 100,000 participants (101,870 members by May 20). A protest page on Facebook against the initiative, named "Against ‘Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'", attracted slightly more supporters (106,000 by May 20).<ref name=figure/> Subsequently, Facebook was temporarily blocked by Pakistan; the ban was lifted after Facebook agreed to block the page for users in India and Pakistan. | |||
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| In the media, Everybody Draw Mohammed Day attracted both support from commentators who felt that the campaign represented important issues of freedom of speech, and the need to stand up for this freedom, as well as criticism from other commentators who found the initiative crass, juvenile, and needlessly offensive. | |||
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| ==History== | |||
| {{Criticism of Islam sidebar}} | |||
| ===Background=== | |||
| '']'' episodes "]" and "]", broadcast in April 2010, featured a character in a bear costume, who various other characters stated was Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite news| last =James | first = Frank |coauthors= Mark Memmott | title = Facebook Blocked By Pakistani Court For 'Draw Muhammad' Day | work =]: The two-way | publisher = www.npr.org | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2010/05/facebook_blocked_by_pakistani.html | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The ''South Park'' episode sparked statements from the extremist website ],<ref>{{Cite news| last = Bates | first = Theunis | title = Pakistan Bans Facebook Over Muhammad Cartoons| work =AOL News | language = | publisher = www.aolnews.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/pakistan-bans-facebook-over-muhammad-cartoons/19483123 | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| last =Rodriguez | first =Alex | title = Facebook dark in Pakistan amid uproar over Muhammad caricatures|work=Los Angeles Times | publisher = www.latimes.com | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pakistan-facebook-20100520,0,4071401.story | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> which posted a picture of the partially decapitated body of the Dutch filmmaker, ], with a statement declaring that Parker and Stone could meet a similar fate. The group running the website said it was not threatening Parker and Stone, however, it also posted the addresses of Comedy Central's New York office and the California production studio where ''South Park'' is made.<ref name=jgscl>{{Cite news| last = Griswold | first =Jamie (]) | title =Seattle cartoonist launches 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' | work =MyNorthwest.com | publisher = Bonneville International | date = April 25, 2010 | url = http://www.mynorthwest.com/?nid=11&sid=313170# | accessdate =May 5, 2010 }}</ref> ] ] the episode when it was broadcast by removing the word "Muhammad" and a speech about intimidation and fear from the ''South Park'' episode.<ref name=jgscl/> | |||
| ===Molly Norris cartoon=== | |||
| Molly Norris drew the original, poster-like cartoon on April 20, 2010, which declared May 20, 2010, to be the first annual "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day". The drawing showed various ] objects, including a coffee cup, a cherry and a box of pasta, each claiming to be the likeness of Muhammad. Norris used an alternate ] of "Mohammed" on her poster.<ref name=jotcoelat>Orr, Jimmy, , April 26, 2010, "Top of the Ticket" blog, ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> Across the top of the illustration she wrote: {{quote|text=In light of the recent veiled (ha!) threats aimed at the creators of the television show South Park ... by bloggers on Revolution Muslim's website, we hereby deem May 20, 2010 as the first 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' Do your part to both water down the pool of targets ''and'', oh yeah, defend a little something our country is famous for (but maybe not for long? Comedy Central cooperated with terrorists and pulled the episode) the first amendment.|sign=Molly Norris (April 20, 2010)|source=Molly.Norris.com}} The poster included a claim of sponsorship by an organization named "Citizens Against Citizens Against Humor or CACAH (pronounced ca-ca)", which Norris later said was purely fictional.<ref name=posterdescribed>, MollyNorris.com, May 1, 2010.</ref> Norris dedicated the cartoon to the creators of '']'', ] and ].<ref>{{Cite journal| title =South Park Generates Anger over M | journal= The Layalina Review |volume=VI|issue=9 | publisher = Layalina Productions, Inc | date = May 6, 2010 | url = http://www.layalina.tv/publications/review/PR_VI.9/article1.html| accessdate = May 6, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| In late April, after she had rejected the idea for the May 20 protest, Norris stated on her website: "This was always a drawing about rights, never MEANT to disrespect religion. Alas – if we don't have rights, we will not be able to practice the religion of our choice. None of these little characters ARE the likeness of Mohammed, they are just CLAIMING to be!" She also wrote, "I, the cartoonist, NEVER launched a draw Mohammed day. It is, in this FICTIONAL poster sponsored by this FICTIONAL GROUP", referring to the "Citizens Against Citizens Against Humor" wording in the cartoon. "SATIRE about a CURRENT EVENT, people!!! (That's what {{sic|cartoonist|'s}} do!)"<ref>Norris, Mollie, Web page titled consisting of notes drawn over the original cartoon, Molly Norris website, retrieved May 2, 2010.</ref> | |||
| ===Early publicity=== | |||
| Norris circulated the cartoon to bloggers based in ].<ref name="gosalvez">{{Cite news| last =Gosalvez | first = Patricia | title =La 'bloguera', el profeta y Facebook – El temor obliga a una dibujante a retirar una campaña para pintar a Mahoma | work =] |language=Spanish| publisher =www.elpais.com | date = May 3, 2010 | url = http://www.elpais.com/articulo/Pantallas/bloguera/profeta/Facebook/elpepirtv/20100504elpepirtv_4/Tes| accessdate =May 6, 2010 }}</ref> She sent a copy of her illustration to ], who posted it on his blog on April 22. On April 23, she was interviewed by Dave Ross of ], a local Seattle radio station. Norris responded to a question "Are you sure you want to do this?", and said "Yeah, I want to water down the targets ... as a cartoonist I just felt so much passion about what had happened, I wanted to counter Comedy Central’s message about feeling afraid."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Perkins| first = Mary | title = Seattle Cartoonist’s "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" Goes Viral | work =] | location = ] | publisher =] | date = April 27, 2010 | url = http://seattlest.com/2010/04/27/seattle_cartoonists_everybody_draw.php | accessdate = May 3, 2010}}</ref> The motivation for the protest was not simply to defend the ''South Park'' creators, but also to support the right to ] under the ].<ref>{{Cite news| last =Pries | first =Steve | title ='Everyone draw Mohammed day' challenges South Park censorship | work = The Depaulia | publisher = media.www.depauliaonline.com, ] | date = May 17, 2010 | url =http://media.www.depauliaonline.com/media/storage/paper1414/news/2010/05/17/News/everyone.Draw.Mohammed.Day.Challenges.South.Park.Censorship-3919751.shtml | accessdate = May 17, 2010}}</ref> She also said, "it's a cartoonist's job to be ]."<ref name=ross>, MyNorthwest.com, April 23, 2010.</ref> On her website, Norris stated that the idea was not to disrespect Islam, but to support everybody's freedom of expression.<ref name=mnwco>{{Cite web| author = ] | title = Cartoonist overwhelmed by response to "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" | date = April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.mynorthwest.com/?sid=313601&nid=11 | work = MyNorthwest.com | accessdate = May 5, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| An "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" Facebook page was created by Jon Wellington. By the morning of April 26, the page had almost 6,000 confirmed guests. By April 25, someone (whose identity is unknown) had started a "Ban Everybody Draw Muhammad Day" counter-protest page on Facebook, which had 800 confirmed guests.<ref name=mcpspc>Cavna, Michael, , blog post originally posted 1 a.m. April 25, 2010, updated 9:15 a.m., April 26, 2020, "Comic Riffs" blog, '']'' website. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> Bloggers at '']'', ''Reason'', '']'' and ] in his "]" blog, all posted comments and links about the proposed day, giving it wide publicity. Blogs at '']'' and '']'' websites also posted news about the idea.<ref name=jotcoelat/> '']'' categorized the protest movement among, "online movements against tyranny".<ref>{{Cite news| last = Johnson| first = John | title = May 20 Is 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' | work = ] | publisher = Newser, LLC | date = April 24, 2010 | url = http://www.newser.com/story/86948/may-20-is-everybody-draw-mohammed-day.html | accessdate = May 3, 2010}}</ref> '']'' called the idea of the protest movement "a snarky response" to the threats from ] against '']''.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Webster | first = Stephen C. | title = Seattle cartoonist: May 20 is ‘Everybody Draw Mohammed Day’ | work = ] | publisher = rawstory.com | date = April 24, 2010 | url = http://rawstory.com/rs/2010/0424/seattle-cartoonist-promotes-everybody-draw-mohammed-day/ | accessdate = May 3, 2010 }}</ref> A blog was created for the fictional group ""Citizens Against Citizens Against Humor", at www.cacah.org.<ref name="gosalvez" /> A second Facebook group was created, to oppose the protest movement supported by the first group.<ref>{{Cite news| title ='Iedereen moet profeet Mohammed tekenen' | work =] | language = Dutch | publisher = headlines.nos.nl | date =April 26, 2010 | url =http://headlines.nos.nl/forum.php/list_messages/19933 | accessdate = May 6, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| By April 27, there were over 9,000 confirmed guests that planned to participate in the event.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Miller | first = Julie | title = The Fallout From the South Park Death Threat | work = ] | publisher = Movieline LLC | date =April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.movieline.com/2010/04/the-fallout-from-the-south-park-death-threat.php| accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> A story about the protest movement was one of the most popular articles highlighted on the website ].<ref>{{Cite news| title = This week's most popular Diggs |work=The Independent |location=UK | publisher =Independent News and Media Limited | date = April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/this-weeks-most-popular-diggs-unintentional-porn-1955910.html| accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> On April 28, '']'' reported that the protest movement "appears to be gaining ground", and some schools planned to join in the event.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Yusof | first = Zeffri | title =Islamic backlash aimed at moderates | work =] | publisher = my-1.themalaysianinsider.com | date = April 28, 2010 | url = http://my-1.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/opinion/zeffri-yusof/61520-islamic-backlash-aimed-at-moderates | accessdate = May 2, 2010}}</ref> ] of '']'' stated he planned to select some of his favorite depictions of Muhammad from the protest movement, and then add them to the Reason.com website.<ref name="moye" /> By May 3, 2010, there were 11,000 members of the protest movement on Facebook, and individuals had submitted over 460 pictures.<ref name="corinth">{{Cite news| last =Corinth | first = Ernst | title = Hickhack um Anti-Zensuraktion – Auf einer Facebook-Seite will man gegen Zensur kämpfen, die Initiatorin der Aktion hat sich schon davon distanziert | work = ] | language =German | publisher = www.heise.de | date =May 3, 2010 | url = http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/32/32539/1.html | accessdate = May 6, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| ===Cartoonist and Facebook page creator end involvement=== | |||
| On April 25, Norris wrote on her website that the response to her idea had surprised and shocked her: "I did not intend for my cartoon to go ]. I did not intend to be the focus of any 'group'. I practice the ] by drawing what I wish. This particular cartoon of a 'poster' seems to have struck a gigantic nerve, something I was totally unprepared for. I am going back to the drawing table now!"<ref name=mnwco/><ref name="howardfriedman" /> On April 26, she wrote on her website: "I am NOT involved in "Everybody Draw Mohammd ]'' ] Day! I made a cartoon that went viral and I am not going with it. Many other folks have used my cartoon to start sites, etc. Please go to them as I am a private person who draws stuff".<ref name=jotcoelat/> She also asked Savage to replace the original illustration she had given him with another one she drew that was tamer, but Savage refused. Asked why she initially publicized it, she replied, "Because I'm an idiot."<ref name=jotcoelat/> | |||
| Norris said the campaign had grown much bigger than she initially intended, and that her cartoon was being used in ways she couldn't control. "I just want to go back to my quiet life", she told the writer of a blog about comics at '']''.<ref name=mcpspc/> Wellington announced on April 26 that he, too, was dropping out of the movement. "I am aghast that so many people are posting deeply offensive pictures of the Prophet," he wrote.<ref name=jotcoelat/><ref name="rickmoran" /> "Y'all go ahead if that's your bag, but count me out."<ref name=jotcoelat/><ref name="rickmoran">{{Cite news| last = Moran | first =Rick | title = A Lesson for our Post-Modern Media Environment | work = The Moderate Voice | publisher = Newstex | date = April 26, 2010 }}</ref> Norris acknowledged, "I said that I wanted to counter fear and then I got afraid."<ref name="erases" /><ref>{{Cite news| title =The PM wrestles with greatest non-core moral issue of the election after next |work=The Australian | publisher = www.theaustralian.com.au | date = April 27, 2010 | url =http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/the-pm-wrestles-with-greatest-non-core-moral-issue-of-the-election-after-next/story-e6frg6zo-1225859056591 | accessdate =May 2, 2010 }}</ref> On April 29, Norris suggested that "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" be called off: "Let's call off 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' by changing it to 'Everybody Draw Al Gore Day' instead. Enough Mohammed drawings have already been made to get the point across. At this juncture, such drawings are only hurtful to more liberal and moderate Muslims who have not done anything to endanger our first amendment rights."<ref>Cavna, Michael, , 8:38 a.m. update of a 1 a.m. post, April 30, 2010, retrieved same day</ref> On May 1, Norris posted a marked up version of her original cartoon, apologizing to Muslims.<ref name=posterdescribed/> | |||
| Norris' change in position received varying reactions from commentators. ], an opinion columnist for '']'', wrote, "Norris's cartoon was a fine idea, but she should be relieved of further duty or responsibility."<ref name=kpfos>Parker, Kathleen, , opinion article, '']'', April 27, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2010.</ref> Writing for '']'', Alex Spillius commented, "No one should blame Norris for withdrawing from the fray, for this kind of case throws up lingering and insidious uncertainties. Any threat could blow over quickly or endure, ], for decades. The row over the cartoons depicting Mohammed in the Danish paper Jyllands-Posten percolated for months before bubbling over into violent protests."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Spillius | first = Alex | title =America's disappointing reaction to South Park censorship |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK | publisher = Telegraph Media Group Limited | date = May 1, 2010| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/7663598/Americas-disappointing-reaction-to-South-Park-censorship.html| accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> William Wei of '']'' was more critical of the decision by the cartoonist to withdraw from the protest movement, with an article titled, "Artist Who Proposed 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' To Protest South Park Censorship Wimps Out."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Wei | first = William | title = Artist Who Proposed "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!" To Protest South Park Censorship Wimps Out | work =] | publisher = Business Insider, Inc. | date =April 30, 2010 | url = http://www.businessinsider.com/everybody-draw-mohammed-day-artist-im-sorry-everybody-draw-al-gore-instead-2010-4 | accessdate =May 2, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| ===Protest movement continued=== | |||
| An ] specialist named Mimi, based in Toronto, Canada, helped to lead the protest movement in the wake of the departures of Norris and Wellington.<ref name="moye">{{Cite news| last = Moye | first = Dan | title = Creators Out, But Muhammad Drawing Protest Is On | work =] | publisher =] | date = April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.aolnews.com/weird-news/article/creators-back-out-but-muhammad-drawing-protest-continues/19455021 | accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="howardfriedman">{{Cite news| last =Friedman | first = Howard | title = Creator Of "Draw Mohammed" Campaign Backs Off, As Others Continue It | work = Religion Clause | publisher = Newstex | date =April 28, 2010 }}</ref> Mimi stated to '']'' that the protest movement should be regarded as, "pro-free speech, not anti-Muslim."<ref name="moye" /> She commented, "If are offended, they have the right to be offended – just like Christians."<ref name="moye" /> With regard to keeping with the tenets of Freedom of Speech, Mimi is permitting a wide array of depictions of Muhammad "except for those inciting violence or pornographic in nature."<ref name="moye" /> "Mainstream society does whatever the Muslim society asks out of fear of violence or political correctness. But if you want to live in a Western society and use the system to protect your rights, you have to be willing to allow others to have theirs as well," said Mimi.<ref name="moye" /> | |||
| According to '']'', by April 30, 2010, "Norris’ small protest grown to encompass 32 Facebook events with a combined total of over 11,000 people planning to participate."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Bailey | first = Rachel | title = South Park's Censored 200th Episode Prompts "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" | work =] | language = | publisher =Paste Media Group | date = April 30, 2010 | url = http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2010/04/south-parks-censored-200th-episode-prompts-everybo.html | accessdate = May 2, 2010}}</ref> Ron Nurwisah of '']'' noted, "Norris' backtracking might be a bit late as the event seems to have taken a life of its own,"<ref>{{Cite news| last = Nurwisah | first = Ron | title = 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' artist backs down | work =] | publisher =National Post Inc. | date = April 27, 2010 | url =http://network.nationalpost.com/NP/blogs/theampersand/archive/2010/04/27/429529.aspx | accessdate = May 2, 2010}}</ref> and '']'' also pointed out, "she may have started something she can't stop. Others have taken up the cause of 'Everybody Draw Muhammed Day'".<ref name="erases">{{Cite news| title = Cartoonist Molly Norris Erases 'Draw Muhammad' Gag | work = ] | publisher = www.myfoxtwincities.com | date = April 26, 2010 | url = http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/dpps/news/cartoonist-molly-norris-draw-muhammad-gag-dpgoha-20100426-fc_7252284 | accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> Tim Edwards of '']'' pointed out, "It seems that nothing can now stop May 20, 2010 becoming the inaugural 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'. Even if, in an ironic twist, its biggest backers have now been scared off."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Edwards | first = Tim | title = South Park gagging sparks Draw Mohammed Day – Censorship of a South Park episode after Muslim threats has led to calls for an Everybody Draw Mohammed Day | work = ] | publisher = www.thefirstpost.co.uk | date = April 26, 2010 | url = http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/62641,people,entertainment,south-park-gagging-sparks-everybody-draw-mohammed-day-muslim-threats | accessdate = May 2, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| Writing for '']'', Laura Hudson noted that the website supported the protest movement and would participate in the event on May 20, 2010: "There is power in numbers, and if you're an artist, creator, cartoonist, or basically anyone who would like to exercise your right to free speech in a way that it is actively threatened, that would be the day to do it. ... if you're an artist, cartoonist, or creator who plans to participate, drop us a line and let us know—we'll be adding our own terribly drawn rendition of the prophet here on ComicsAlliance when the day rolls around and we'd love it if you joined us."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Hudson | first = Laura | title =Everybody Draw Mohammed Day Invites Artists to Defend Their Freedom of Speech | work = ] | publisher = AOL Inc | date =April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.comicsalliance.com/2010/04/27/everybody-draw-mohammed-day/| accessdate = May 3, 2010}}</ref> In a May 3, 2010 piece for '']'' blog, the founder and president of the ], Herb Silverman, wrote in support of the protest movement.<ref name="herbsilverman">{{Cite news| last = Silverman| first = Herb | title = In support of Draw Muhammad Day |work=The Washington Post blog | publisher = ] | date = May 3, 2010 | url = http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/herb_silverman/2010/05/draw_muhammad_day.html | accessdate = May 5, 2010 }}</ref> Silverman stated he agreed with the rationale behind the idea, commenting, "Whether this succeeds or not, and I have no personal interest in drawing Muhammad, I support the concept. We must join together to stop injustice."<ref name="herbsilverman" /> | |||
| A columnist for ] wrote that Norris should not be regarded as having further responsibility related to the movement; and affirmed that her Muhammad cartoon had significantly impacted a greater discussion about the issue.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Cavna | first =Michael | title = Pulitzer winners back ' South Park ' – Cartoonists denounce censorship of show after group's threats | work = ] | publisher = ]| page = C5 | date =April 29, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' described some of the pictures submitted to the Facebook group in support of the protest movement as, "funny, funny, crude, silly, original, the whole range of possibilities."<ref name="corinth" /> '']'' urged individuals to participate in the protest movement, but encouraged them to post images reflecting positively on Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Allahakchew aka SH | title = Everybody Draw A POSITIVE Mohammed Day | work = ] | publisher = mypetjawa.mu.nu | date = May 8, 2010 | url =http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/202373.php | accessdate =May 13, 2010 }}</ref> Writing in an editorial for '']'', Jason Greaves urged individuals to participate in the protest event on May 20.<ref name="jasongreaves">{{Cite news| last =Greaves | first = Jason | title = Stand up for free speech May 20| work = ] | publisher = The Washington Times, LLC | date =May 13, 2010 | url =http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/may/13/stand-up-for-free-speech-may-20/ | accessdate = May 13, 2010 }}</ref> Greaves concluded, "Theo van Gogh was murdered for making a movie critical of Islam. 'South Park' creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone are threatened with the same fate. They deserve our solidarity, and I will stand with them by hosting images of Muhammad on my own website. Please stand with us."<ref name="jasongreaves" /> | |||
| ]'' website, announced by editors, ] and ], on May 20, 2010.]] | |||
| In a May 17, 2010 article in '']'', writer Tyler Dosaj noted that numbers of both supporters and critics of the protest movement were increasing: "The Facebook group is 35,000 strong. To compare, the anti-Draw Mohammed Day group is almost 30,000 strong. Both are gaining members rapidly."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Dosaj | first = Tyler | title = Flawed interpretation of Koran results in overreactions to ‘Everybody Draw Mohammed Day’ | work =] | publisher =www.dailybruin.com, ] | date = May 17, 2010 | url = http://www.dailybruin.com/articles/2010/5/17/flawed-interpretation-koran-results-overreactions-/ | accessdate = May 18, 2010 }}</ref> In a May 18, 2010 article, "Why We're Having an Everybody Draw Mohammed Contest on Thursday May 20", '']'' editor ] explained: "No one has a right to an audience or even to a sympathetic hearing, much less an engaged audience. But no one should be beaten or killed or imprisoned simply for speaking their mind or praying to one god as opposed to the other or none at all or getting on with the small business of living their life in peaceful fashion. If we cannot or will not defend that principle with a full throat, then we deserve to choke on whatever jihadists of all stripes can force down our throats."<ref name="nickgillespie">{{Cite news| last =Gillespie | first = Nick | authorlink = Nick Gillespie | title =Why We're Having an Everybody Draw Mohammed Contest on Thursday May 20 | work = ] | publisher =reason.com | date = May 18, 2010 | url =http://reason.com/blog/2010/05/18/get-ready-for-everyone-draw-mo | accessdate = May 18, 2010}}</ref> Gillespie asserted, "Our Draw Mohammed contest is not a frivolous exercise of hip, ironic, hoolarious sacrilege toward a minority religion in the United States (though even that deserves all the protection that the most serioso political commentary commands). It's a defense of what is at the core of a society that is painfully incompetent at delivering on its promise of freedom, tolerance, and equal rights."<ref name="nickgillespie" /> As May 20, 2010, came closer, Molly Norris stated she was staying away from being directly involved in the protest movement.<ref name="becomingareality">{{Cite news| last =Griswold | first = Jamie |title = 'Everbody Draw Mohammed' cartoonist: I'm against my own concept becoming a reality | work = MyNorthwest.com | publisher = Bonneville International | date = May 18, 2010 | url = http://www.mynorthwest.com/category/local_news_articles/20100518/'Everbody-Draw-Mohammed'-cartoonist:-I'm-against-my-own-concept-becoming-a-reality/ | accessdate = May 18, 2010 }}</ref> Norris told ], "I'm against my own concept becoming a reality.... If I had wanted to be taken seriously, I would be thrilled, but now I'm horrified because people did take it as an actual day. The one-off cartoon is not good as a long term plan because it's offensive."<ref name="becomingareality" /> ] reported that on May 19, 2010, a Facebook group supporting the protest movement had 41,000 members,<ref name="millerfracas">{{Cite news| last = Miller | first = Joshua Rhett | title ='Everybody Draw Mohammed' Day Unleashes Facebook Fracas |publisher=Fox News | publisher =www.foxnews.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/05/19/facebook-fracas-breaks-everybody-draw-mohammad-day/ | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> and '']'' reported this increased to 43,000 the same day.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Williams | first = Chris | title = 'Draw Mohammed' call prompts Pakistan Facebook ban | work = ] | publisher = www.theregister.co.uk | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/19/facebook_pakistan/ | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> Norris told Fox News Channel in a statement on May 19, "It's turned into something completely different, nothing I could've imagined it morphing into. I'm happy some people are talking, because obviously this needs to be addressed."<ref name="millerfracas" /> By May 20, the '']'' reported that both the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" group and the "Against 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'" Facebook group protesting against the initiative had attracted more than 100,000 supporters, at 101,870 members and 106,000 members respectively.<ref name=figure>{{Cite news| last =Yuen | first =Jenny| title = Draw Mohammed drawing in fans, foes | work =] | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.torontosun.com/news/torontoandgta/2010/05/20/14026241.html | accessdate = May 23, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| On May 20, 2010, ] and ] of '']'' announced the winners of the publication's "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" contest.<ref name="whatyouve">{{Cite news| last =Gillespie | first =Nick|authorlink=Nick Gillespie | coauthors =] | title = What You've Been Waiting For at Long Last... | work =]| publisher = Reason Magazine | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://reason.com/blog/2010/05/20/and-the-winner-of-reasons-ever | accessdate = May 23, 2010 }}</ref> Gillespie and Welch warned the reader not to view the image "if you are offended by graphical representations of the Prophet Mohammed."<ref name="whatyouve" /> Of the images highlighted, Gillespie and Welch explained: "The single most important element–and the thing that ties these selections together–is that each image forces the viewer to do two things. First, they consciously call into question the nature of representation, no small matter in fights over whether it is allowed under Islamic law to depict Mohammed ... Second, each of the images forces the viewer to actively participate not simply in the creation of meaning but of actually constructing the image itself."<ref name="andthewinneris" /> There were two images in the position of ] – one was an artistic rendition of a ].<ref name="andthewinneris">{{Cite news| last =Gillespie | first =Nick|authorlink=Nick Gillespie | coauthors =] | title =And The Winner of The Everybody Draw Mohammad Contest is... | work =]| publisher = Reason Magazine | date = May 20, 2010 | url =http://reason-contest.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html | accessdate = May 23, 2010 }}</ref> The depiction references ] artist ], and includes the text, "This is not a pipe. This is Muhammed."<ref name="andthewinneris" /> The ''Reason'' journalists commented that the image toyed with Magritte's "famous statement about the necessary disjuncture between a picture and the thing it seeks to represent."<ref name="andthewinneris" /> The second runner-up was a ] of the '']'' series, and the winner was a ] picture.<ref name="andthewinneris" /> Commenting on the winner of the ''Reason'' contest, Gillespie and Welch concluded, "There is a deeper lesson here: Connect the dots and discover that we all must be Spartacus on Everybody Draw Mohammad Day. And that in a free society, every day is Everybody Draw Mohammed Day."<ref name="andthewinneris" /> | |||
| ===Pakistan Internet block=== | |||
| {{Wikinews|YouTube, Facebook blocked in Pakistan}} | |||
| Subsequent to an order from the ] on May 19, 2010,<ref>{{Cite news| title = LHC orders ban on Facebook over caricatures | author = Zia, Sajid | publisher = The Nation | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/lahore/14-May-2011/LHC-orders-ban-on-Facebook-over-caricatures | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> the government of Pakistan, through its agency the ] (PTA), indefinitely banned Facebook in the country, in response to the impending May 20 date at the focus of the protest movement.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Hefflinger | first = Mark| title = Pakistan Blocks Facebook Over Page With Images of Muhammad | work =] | publisher = www.dmwmedia.com | page = | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2010/05/19/pakistan-blocks-facebook-over-page-images-muhammad | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="cnnpakistanshutsdown">{{Cite news| last = CNN Wire staff | title = Pakistan shuts down Facebook over 'Draw Mohammed' Day |publisher=CNN | date = May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/05/19/pakistani.facebook.shutdown/ | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The order to carry out the shut down of Facebook in Pakistan was given by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority,<ref name="cnnpakistanshutsdown" /> which also publicized an email address and phone number and requested individuals contact the agency to let them know about "all similar URLs where such objectionable material is found".<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan blocks Facebook over Mohammed cartoon |work=Sydney Morning Herald | publisher = news.smh.com.au | date = May 20, 2010 | url =http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/pakistan-blocks-facebook-over-mohammed-cartoon-20100520-vfk1.html | accessdate = May 19, 2010 | first=Waqar | last=Hussain}}</ref> Representative Khoram Ali Mehran of the Pakistan agency stated to ], "Obviously it (the blocking of Facebook) is related to the objectionable material that was placed on Facebook. That is why it is blocked. We have blocked it for an indefinite amount of time. We are just following the government's instructions and the ruling of the Lahore High Court. If the government decides to unblock it then that's what we will do."<ref name="cnnpakistanshutsdown" /> The agency was responding to an action by a group of Islamic attorneys based in Pakistan, who had acted to get the court order due to a Facebook group "Everybody Draw Mohammad Day—May 20".<ref name="declanwalshpakistan">{{Cite news| last =Walsh | first =Declan | title = Pakistan blocks Facebook in row over Muhammad drawings |work=The Guardian | publisher = www.guardian.co.uk | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/19/facebook-blocked-pakistan-muhammad-drawings | accessdate = May 19, 2010 | location=London}}</ref><ref name="appakistan" /> Azhar Siddique had filed the petition to the ] on behalf of the organization, the Islamic Lawyers Forum.<ref name="thetimespakistan">{{Cite news| last =Page | first = Jeremy | title = Pakistan court orders blocking of Facebook over Muhammad cartoon|work=The Times |location=UK | language = | publisher =technology.timesonline.co.uk | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article7130527.ece | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The government faced pressure from public protests against Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Smith | first = Stevie | title = Muslims react angrily to 'Draw Muhammad' page on Facebook | work = ] | publisher = www.thetechherald.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/201020/5629/Muslims-react-angrily-to-Draw-Muhammad-page-on-Facebook | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> In its petition to the government, the Islamic Lawyers Forum described the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" event as "blasphemous".<ref>{{Cite news| title = Facebook ban ordered in Pakistan | work = ] | publisher = www.upi.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.upi.com/Top_News/International/2010/05/19/Facebook-ban-ordered-in-Pakistan/UPI-65331274279838/| accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> Siddique told '']'', "The court has also ordered the foreign ministry to investigate why such a competition is being held."<ref name="thetimespakistan" /> The lawyers succeeded in getting the government to block the Facebook group itself individually on May 18, but the Islamic lawyers requested a full block of the entirety of the Facebook site, because the organization had permitted the posting of the particular group on its site.<ref name="appakistan">{{Cite news| last =Dogar | first = Babar | title = Pakistani court orders gov't to block Facebook | work = ] | language = |publisher=Google | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hHJMlhPxG4DA6K2S6AjgqHhQD59wD9FPTTS80 | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> They argued that unless the entire Facebook website were blocked, it would be difficult to stop the protest movement campaign on the site.<ref>{{Cite news| title = LHC orders PTA to close face book | work =] | publisher = www.samaa.tv | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.samaa.tv/News20200-_LHC_orders_PTA_to_close_face_book.aspx | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The Lahore court carried out this request, and ordered the government to issue a temporary block on Facebook to stand until May 31, 2010.<ref name="appakistan" /> Justice ] of the Lahore High Court issued the ruling of the court.<ref>{{Cite news| title =Pakistan: Court Bans Facebook | work = The Global Herald | publisher = theglobalherald.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://theglobalherald.com/pakistan-court-bans-facebook/3751/comment-page-1/ | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref><ref name="hewage">{{Cite news| last = Hewage | first =Tim | title = Pakistan Bans Facebook Over Mohammed Site | work =] | publisher = news.sky.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Pakistan-Court-Bans-Facebook-After-A-Page-Encouraged-People-To-Draw-The-Prophet-Mohammed/Article/201005315634873?lpos=World_News_Second_Home_Page_Article_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15634873_Pakistan_Court_Bans_Facebook_After_A_Page_Encouraged_People_To_Draw_The_Prophet_Mohammed | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The court's ruling determined that the content of the protest movement on Facebook would damage the religious beliefs of the 45 million users of the website in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Metro reporter | title =Pakistan bans Facebook over 'Everybody Draw Mohammad Day' | work = ] | language = | publisher =www.metro.co.uk | date = May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.metro.co.uk/news/826943-pakistan-bans-facebook-over-everybody-draw-mohammad-day | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The force of the ban was effective immediately after the ruling of the court.<ref>{{Cite news| title =Pakistan blocks access to Facebook | work =Radio Australia News | publisher = ] | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.radioaustralianews.net.au/stories/201005/2904251.htm?desktop | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Those present for the court's ruling included many religious clerics, attorneys, and students.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Ahmad | first = Imtiaz | title = Pak court bans Facebook | work = ] | publisher =www.HindustanTimes.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.hindustantimes.com/Pak-court-bans-Facebook/Article1-545951.aspx | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The court held an in-depth hearing on the matter on May 31, 2010.<ref name="hewage" /> | |||
| The deputy attorney general of Punjab province, Naveed Inayat Malik, confirmed to the ] that the Lahore court had ordered Facebook banned in the country until May 31, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news| last =UKPA | title =Pakistan court orders Facebook ban | work =] |publisher=Google | date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5jKIp8MD3wOWmcauxcT_Rqf9QmKSA | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The Secretary of the Pakistan Ministry of Information Technology, Naguib Malik, told the ] that he requested the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority to carry out the ruling of the Lahore court.<ref name="appakistan" /> Pakistan Law Minister ] told '']'', "this issue will be raised on all international forums."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Khan | first = Habibullah | title = Facebook Banned in Pakistan | work = ] | publisher = ] | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/International/facebook-banned-pakistan-prophet-muhammad-sketch-competition/story?id=10688625 | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> According to '']'', by mid-day on May 19, 2010, individuals in Pakistan were not able to gain access to the Facebook site via computer, but could get entry using a ].<ref>{{Cite news| last = Laskar | first = Rezaul H | title =Pakistan bans 'Facebook' over Prophet cartoons | work = ] | publisher = www.ptinews.com | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.ptinews.com/news/660026_Pakistan-puts-a-ban-on-Facebook-over-Prophet-cartoons | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' reported that prior to the court's ruling, multiple internet service providers had taken independent action to block Facebook, in light of protests against the website in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Joshua | first =Anita | title =Facebook blocked in Pakistan till May -end | work =] | publisher = www.thehindu.com| page =Front Page | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/20/stories/2010052056422400.htm | accessdate = | location=Chennai, India}}</ref> | |||
| The May 20 plans of the protest movement had sparked demonstrations in the streets of Pakistan and objections to Facebook by groups including the Pakistan-based Muslim Lawyers Movement.<ref name="robcrillypakistan" /> In several Pakistani cities demonstrators ] the Norwegian flag.<ref name="Nationen">{{Cite news|title= Pakistanske demonstranter brente norske flagg |url= http://www.nationen.no/Utenriks/article5122853.ece |work= ] |language= Norwegian |location= ], Norway |agency= ] |date= May 20, 2010 |accessdate= May 20, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In Lahore both Swedish and Danish flags were burned,<ref>{{Cite news|author= Rasch, Jonas Sverrisson |title= Raser mot Muhammed-arrangement på Facebook |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2010/05/20/nyheter/muhammed-tegningene/utenriks/innenriks/karikatur/11785807/ |work= ] |language= Norwegian |location= ], Norway |date= May 20, 2010 |accessdate= May 20, 2010}}</ref> although the ] reports that the Norwegian flag was burned mistakenly in the belief that it was the Danish.<ref name="Nationen"/> A lawyer involved in the action in the Lahore court, Rai Bashir, told '']'', "There are so many insults to the Prophet on the internet and that's why we felt we had to bring this case. All Muslims in Pakistan and the world will be supporting us."<ref name="robcrillypakistan">{{Cite news| last = Crilly | first = Rob | title =Facebook blocked in Pakistan over Prophet Mohammed cartoon row |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK | publisher = www.telegraph.co.uk | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/7740295/Facebook-blocked-in-Pakistan-over-Prophet-Mohammed-cartoon-row.html | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Bashir explained to '']'', "We moved the petition in the wake of widespread resentment in the Muslim community against the Facebook contest."<ref name="hewage" /> Islamic Lawyers Forum attorney, Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali, told '']'', "The competition has hurt the sentiments of the Muslims."<ref>{{Cite news| title =Pakistani court bans Facebook over blasphemous caricatures |publisher=Xinhua News Agency | publisher = news.xinhuanet.com | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-05/19/c_13303806.htm | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> Protesters against Facebook and "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" converged in Karachi on May 19, 2010, and held up signs and yelled phrases critical of Facebook.<ref name="sharifpakistan">{{Cite news| last = Sharif | first =Farhan | title = Pakistan Directs Web Providers to Block Facebook Link |work=BusinessWeek | publisher =www.businessweek.com | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-19/pakistan-directs-web-providers-to-block-facebook-link-update1-.html | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> According to the ], approximately 2,000 female students protested in Karachi, urging the banning of Facebook for permitting the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" movement on the site.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Dogar | first = Babar | title = Muslim Anger Prompts Pakistan To Block Facebook | work = ] | publisher = ] | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37229449/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/t/muslim-anger-prompts-pakistan-block-facebook/ | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> '']'' compared this to the ] over the depictions of Muhammed in European newspapers. They went on to report that there were approximately 20 individuals demonstrating outside the court in Lahore after its decision, holding signs which were negative regarding Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Hussain | first = Waqar | title = Pakistan court blocks Facebook over Mohammed page | work =] |publisher=Google | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iqKZNUdJFQ6c8ctdkUW0C-vktIEA | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Picketers outside the court held up signs praiseworthy of Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan Bans Facebook | work = ] | publisher =www.allheadlinenews.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7018741510?Pakistan%20Bans%20Facebook | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> One protest sign at a picket in Lahore read: "We love Muhammad. Say No to Facebook."<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan logs off Facebook| work = ] | language = | publisher = www2.macleans.ca | date = May 19, 2010 | url =http://www2.macleans.ca/category/need-to-know/?current=127625 | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' noted reports in Pakistan media that there were protests against Facebook on May 19, 2010 outside parliament in ].<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistani court orders Facebook blocked in prophet row |publisher=BBC News | publisher = news.bbc.co.uk | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8691406.stm | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Individuals passed on text messages, requesting other Facebook users to support the ban on the website.<ref name="sharifpakistan" /> Attorneys standing outside the Lahore court on May 19, 2010 were repeating the phrase, "Down with Facebook".<ref name="cbsnewspakistan">{{Cite news| last =Cooper | first = Charles | title =Pakistan Bans Facebook Over Muhammad Caricature Row | work = ] | publisher =] | date = May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20005388-501465.html | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Protests against Facebook were organized in ], ], ], ], ] and ]; by Pakistan-based religious parties including ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=] | title =Pakistan bans Facebook over Prophet cartoons | work = NDTV | publisher = www.ndtv.com | page = | date =May 20, 2010 | url =http://www.ndtv.com/news/world/pakistan-bans-facebook-over-prophet-cartoons-26591.php | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> According to '']'', "protests against the website were held across the country".<ref>{{Cite news| last =Financial Express Bureau | title = Ban on Facebook till May 31 : Pak court | work =] | publisher = www.financialexpress.com | date = May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Quick-View/621095/ | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' reported that Hamid Saeed Kazmi, Pakistan Religious Affairs Minister, "strongly condemned" the Facebook groups' efforts and requested Prime Minister ] "to take immediate action and call a Muslim conference".<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan blocks Facebook over Mohammed cartoon event | work =] | publisher =www.vancouversun.com| date =May 19, 2010 | url =http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Pakistan+blocks+Facebook+over+Mohammed+cartoon+event/3047950/story.html| accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| The Facebook group had supporters including Dutch ] ], former Dutch politician and ] activist ].<ref name="declanwalshpakistan" /> An Islamic student association based in ], Pakistan, handed out pamphlets requesting individuals to ] Facebook; the pamphlet stated: "The west is conspiring against the honour of the prophet and of Muslims. The real purpose of freedom of speech is to provoke the sentiments of Muslims."<ref name="declanwalshpakistan" /> A representative of the ]-based internet company Creative Chaos named Shakir Husain told '']'' that a ban of Facebook would not be easy to carry out due to the ability to circumvent it using tactics such as ]s.<ref name="declanwalshpakistan" /> Husain noted, "By banning this web page, it will just make people more curious. It's pouring petrol on a small fire that could become a lot bigger. You can't police the Internet. The Saudis have tried it, as have other governments, and all have failed. It's a waste of state money."<ref name="declanwalshpakistan" /> | |||
| The ] of the company Nayatel, Wahaj-us-Siraj, told ] that the decision of the Lahore court was not wise: "Blocking the entire website would anger users, especially young adults, because the social networking website is so popular among them and they spend most of their time on it. Basically, our judges aren't technically sound. They have just ordered it, but it should have been done in a better way by just blocking a particular URL or link."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Haider | first =Kamran | title = Pakistan blocks Facebook over caricatures | work = ] | publisher =ca.reuters.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCATRE64I29P20100519?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> The Gabriel Consulting Group analyst Dan Olds commented about the Pakistan government's ban to '']'', "I think we can expect to see more of this type of thing coming from dictatorial countries as they try to keep their citizenry locked down."<ref name="gaudinpakistan">{{Cite news| last =Gaudin | first = Sharon | title = Pakistan court orders government to block Facebook | work = ] | publisher = www.computerworld.com| date = May 19, 2010| url =http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9176976/Pakistan_court_orders_government_to_block_Facebook | accessdate =May 19, 2010 }}</ref> Olds observed, "Trying to stop citizens from accessing the Internet is increasingly becoming like a little kid trying to stop the tide with a toy shovel and a bucket."<ref name="gaudinpakistan" /> An editorial in the Pakistan-based newspaper the '']'' commented on the ban of Facebook, "Many users of the social media website have put up their own pages expressing their admiration for the Holy Prophet — surely this is a better response. Furthermore, the said page is one of millions on Facebook and blocking it entirely means that millions of users in Pakistan will be unable to access a site which has become part of their daily life. A better way would be to block the offensive web page but allow users in this country access to the rest of Facebook."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Editorial | title =Banning Facebook | work = ] | publisher = tribune.com.pk | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/14509/banning-facebook/ | accessdate = }}</ref> | |||
| A representative of Facebook told ] that the block of the website in Pakistan was under investigation by the company.<ref name="cbsnewspakistan" /> The company released a statement on May 19, 2010: "While the content does not violate our terms, we do understand it may not be legal in some countries. We are investigating this. In cases like this, the approach is sometimes to restrict certain content from being shown in specific countries."<ref name="cbsnewspakistan" /> '']'' reported that several Muslim religious scholars in ] were critical of Facebook in light of the protest movement.<ref name="osman">{{Cite news| last = Osman | first = Nurfika| coauthors = Ismira Lutfia | title = ‘Draw Prophet’ Facebook Page Sparks Fury of Muslims in Indonesia and Around the World | work =] | publisher = www.thejakartaglobe.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/draw-prophet-facebook-page-sparks-fury-of-muslims-in-indonesia-and-around-the-world/375968 | accessdate = May 19, 2010}}</ref> Rohadi Abdul Fatah the Indonesia, Religious Affairs Ministry director of Islam and Shariah Law, announced that Facebook was to be considered '']'' (forbidden) according to Muslim law.<ref name="osman" /> Rohadi Abdul Fatah stated, "We cannot tolerate it. Those who created the account were extremely irresponsible."<ref name="osman" /> Indonesia Communication and Information Minister Tifatul Sembiring stated to ''The Jakarta Globe'', "I consider this an act of provocation to mess up religious harmony enjoyed by Indonesians. I call on everybody to stay calm. Let us all just cool down."<ref name="osman" /> Sembiring stated his intention to write the management of Facebook, and noted, "Removing it is useless because other party can just post it again on the account. Therefore, we all need to be aware of this."<ref>{{Cite news| title = Minister to write to Facebook over prophet drawing contest| work = ] | publisher =www.antara.co.id | date = May 19, 2010| url = http://www.antara.co.id/en/news/1274280970/minister-to-write-to-facebook-over-prophet-drawing-contest | accessdate = May 19, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| On May 20, 2010, the internet ban by the government of Pakistan related to "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" was extended to include the video-sharing website, ].<ref name="bbcyoutube">{{Cite news| title = Pakistan blocks access to YouTube in internet crackdown |publisher=BBC News | date = May 20, 2010 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/10130195.stm | accessdate = May 20, 2010}}</ref> YouTube released a statement, saying it is "looking into the matter and working to ensure that the service is restored as soon as possible".<ref name="bbcyoutube" /> The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority stated it ordered the shut down of YouTube in the country due to "blasphemous content".<ref name="bbcyoutube" /> A representative of YouTube told '']'', "YouTube offers citizens the world over a vital window on cultures and societies and we believe people should not be denied access to information via video. Because YouTube is a platform for free expression of all sorts, we take great care when we enforce our policies. Content that violates our guidelines is removed as soon as we become aware of it."<ref name="bbcyoutube" /> Additional websites including ] were blocked in Pakistan on May 20.<ref name="dugdale">{{Cite news| last = Dugdale | first =Addy | coauthors = | title =Pakistan Blocks Blasphemic YouTube and Misplaced Pages as Facebook Considers Solutions | work = ]| language = | publisher = www.fastcompany.com | page = | date =May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.fastcompany.com/1650035/youtube-pakistan-censorship-facebook-flickr-wikipedia | accessdate = May 20, 2010}}</ref> The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority had first tried to block separate pages on YouTube; representatives of the agency stated to ], "but the blasphemous content kept appearing so we ordered a total shut down".<ref>{{Cite news| last = Hefflinger | first = Mark | coauthors = | title =Pakistan Adds YouTube to List of Newly-Blocked Websites | work = Digital Media Wire| language = | publisher = www.dmwmedia.com | page = | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2010/05/20/pakistan-adds-youtube-list-newlyblocked-websites| accessdate = May 20, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| Pakistan restricted access to ] and banned viewing of certain pages on the website in the country on May 20, 2010, according to '']'',<ref name="dugdale" /> '']'',<ref name="tavernise">{{Cite news| last =Tavernise | first =Sabrina | coauthors = | title= Pakistan Widens Online Ban to Include YouTube |work=The New York Times | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/21/world/asia/21pstan.html | accessdate =2010 }}</ref> '']'',<ref name="rfiwikipedia" /> '']'',<ref>{{Cite news| last = | first = | coauthors = | title = PTA broadens scope of Internet curbs | work = ]| language = | publisher = tribune.com.pk | page = | date = May 21, 2010 | url =http://tribune.com.pk/story/14927/pta-broadens-scope-of-internet-curbs/ | accessdate =May 22, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="expresstribunewikipedia" /> '']'',<ref name="brulliard" /> '']'',<ref>{{Cite news| last =Jennings | first =Richi | title = Pakistan blocks YouTube and Misplaced Pages after Facebook | work = ] | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://blogs.computerworld.com/16146/pakistan_blocks_youtube_and_wikipedia_after_facebook | accessdate = 2010-25-22}}</ref> '']'',<ref name="newsweekwikipedia" /> '']'',<ref name="vancouversunwikipedia" /><ref name="afpwikipedia">{{Cite news| title = More protests expected as Pakistan's Facebook anger grows| work =] | date =May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hlrwr5fdvYSnHNp0ysjbpydtPD7A | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> and the '']''.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Bokhari | first = Farhan | coauthors = Joseph Menn | title = Pakistan bans Facebook and YouTube | work = Financial Times | page = 19 | date = May 21, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' noted, "The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) extended a ban on Facebook, ordered by a court until May 31, to popular video sharing website YouTube and restricted Misplaced Pages."<ref name="afpwikipedia" /> '']'' reported, "At least 450 sites, including Misplaced Pages, were also cut off by midday" on May 20.<ref name="brulliard">{{Cite news| last = Brulliard | first = Karin | title = Pakistan blocks YouTube a day after shutdown of Facebook over Muhammad issue |work=The Washington Post | date =May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/20/AR2010052005073.html | accessdate =May 22, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' quoted the editor of '']'', who stated, "They’ve banned not just Facebook, now you have YouTube. They’re also blocking Flickr, I’ve just heard that they’ve blocked Misplaced Pages ... eager beavers sitting in the PTA and in other ministries are just going on and blocking sites."<ref name="rfiwikipedia">{{Cite news| last = RFI | title = Pakistan blocks YouTube| work = ] | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.english.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20100520-pakistan-blocks-youtube| accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' reported that the ban, "also included certain pages on Flickr and Misplaced Pages".<ref name="tavernise" /> According to '']'',<ref>{{Cite news| last = RFI | first = | coauthors = | title =Protests against social network sites in Pakistan | work = ] | language = | publisher = ww.english.rfi.fr | page = | date =May 21, 2010 | url = http://www.english.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20100521-protests-against-social-nework-sites-pakistan | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> and '']'', pages were blocked on Misplaced Pages by the Pakistan agency due to what the government described as "growing sacrilegious contents".<ref name="newsweekwikipedia">{{Cite news| last =Husain | first = Miranda | coauthors = | title = Losing Facebook |work=Newsweek | language = | publisher = www.newsweek.com | page = | date =May 21, 2010 | url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/238324| accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> Ahmad Rafay Alam of the Pakistani English-language ] '']'' commented, "the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority has taken it upon itself to block Misplaced Pages, among other things."<ref name="expresstribunewikipedia">{{Cite news| last = Alam| first =Ahmad Rafay | coauthors = | title =Ain’t democracy grand? | work =] | language = | publisher =tribune.com.pk | page = | date = May 22, 2010 | url =http://tribune.com.pk/story/15098/ain’t-democracy-grand/ | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' reported, "Pakistan blocked YouTube, Misplaced Pages, and other websites ... to try to suppress a Facebook page declaring Thursday Everybody Draw Mohammad Day."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Ahmed | first = Issam | title =Pakistan bans Facebook, Youtube over 'Draw Mohammad Day' | work = ]|location=] | date = May 20, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' reported on May 20 that "websites, including Misplaced Pages and Flickr, have been inaccessible in Pakistan" since the previous evening.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Haider | first = Kamran | coauthors = Augustine Anthony | title =After Facebook, Pakistan shuts down YouTube | work = ] | language = | publisher = | page = | date = May 20, 2010 | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE64J0GJ20100520?type=marketsNews | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> According to '']'', a representative of the organization the Internet Service Providers Association of Pakistan, Wahaj us Siraj, stated "Misplaced Pages had been blocked" in the country.<ref name="vancouversunwikipedia">{{Cite news| last = ] | first = | coauthors = | title = Pakistan blocks Facebook, now YouTube | work = ] | language = | publisher = | page = | date =May 20, 2010 | url =http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Pakistan+blocks+Facebook+YouTube/3051554/story.html | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| A representative of the ] weighed in on the actions of the Pakistan government with respect to the images.<ref name="usdefends">{{Cite news| last = Dawn correspondent | title = US defends Pakistan move to block images | work =Dawn.com | publisher = The Dawn Media Group | date = May 22, 2010| url = http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/us-defends-pakistan-move-to-block-images-250 | accessdate = May 22, 2010 }}</ref> ] ] stated that the United States was critical of a "deliberate attempt to offend Muslims".<ref name="usdefends" /> Crowley commented, "Pakistan is wrestling to this issue. We respect any actions that need to be taken under Pakistani law to protect their citizens from offensive speech."<ref name="usdefends" /> The Assistant Secretary of State went on to note, "At the same time, Pakistan has to make sure that in taking any particular action, that you’re not restricting speech to the millions and millions of people who are connected to the internet and have a universal right to the free flow of information."<ref name="usdefends" /> On May 22, 2010, the Ambassador to the United States from Pakistan, ], formally issued a complaint to the U.S., in communications with U.S. Special Representative ].<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan protests Facebook images, Haqqani conveys sentiment to US officials | work = ] | publisher = ftp.app.com.pk | date =May 22, 2010 | url = http://ftp.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=103743&Itemid=2 | accessdate =May 25, 2010 }}</ref> The Pakistan embassy in the United States sent a formal complaint to the U.S. Department of State.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pak lodges strong protest with US over Facebook | work =] | date = May 24, 2010 | url = http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=32736 | accessdate =May 25, 2010 }}</ref> The Lahore High Court had ordered the Pakistan representative to issue the complaint to the U.S. regarding the images on Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Pakistan lodges Facebook protest with US | work = ] | date = May 22, 2010 | url =http://tribune.com.pk/story/15422/pakistan-lodges-facebook-protest-with-us/ | accessdate = May 25, 2010}}</ref> Pakistan's embassy in the U.S. told the U.S. Department of State that the images on Facebook "immensely hurt and discomforted the people and the government of Pakistan"; the embassy requested the U.S. government "take effective measures to prevent, stop or block this blasphemous contest immediately".<ref>{{Cite news| title = Haqqani lodges official protest over Facebook images with US| work = ] | date = May 22, 2010 | url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\05\23\story_23-5-2010_pg7_2 | accessdate = May 25, 2010 }}</ref> On May 25, 2010, '']'' reported that a poll of citizens of Pakistan conducted by ''ProPakistani.pk'' revealed that 70 percent of those polled wanted Facebook to be permanently banned in the country.<ref>{{Cite news| title = 70pc want permanent ban on Facebook | work =] | page = | date = | url = http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Regional/Karachi/25-May-2010/70pc-want-permanent-ban-on-Facebook | accessdate = May 25, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| On May 31, 2010, '']'' reported that the Lahore High Court had lifted the ban on Facebook.<ref name=PCW315 /> The magazine quoted the government of Pakistan as saying that "the web site had promised to make material considered derogatory inaccessible to users in Pakistan."<ref name=PCW315>{{Cite news| last = Ribeiro | first = John | title = Facebook Block Removed in Pakistan, Imposed in Bangladesh | work =] | date = May 31, 2010 | url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/197616/facebook_block_removed_in_pakistan_imposed_in_bangladesh.html | accessdate = May 31, 2010 }}</ref> This was in line with an earlier statement by a Facebook spokeswoman, stating that Facebook "may consider IP blocking in Pakistan upon further review of local regulations, standards and customs".<ref name=PCW315 /> Pakistan's secretary of IT and telecom said in an interview that Facebook had "apologized" and agreed to block access to the page from Pakistan.<ref name=PCW315 /> Facebook had already blocked access to the page for users from India the previous week, at the request of the Indian authorities.<ref name=PCW315 /> On May 30, 2010, the day before the Facebook ban in Pakistan was lifted, ] imposed its own ban on Facebook.<ref name=PCW315 /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mail Foreign Service|title=Now Bangladesh bans Facebook in outrage over online competition to draw Prophet Mohammed|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1282659/Bangladesh-bans-Facebook-Prophet-Mohammed-drawing-competition.html|accessdate=May 31, 2010|newspaper=]|date=May 30, 2010 | location=London}}</ref> | |||
| Justice Ijaz Chaudhry of the Lahore High Court planned to review the case on June 15, 2010 to see if Facebook had allowed more blasphemous material to be displayed.<ref name='HinduTimes06012010'>{{Cite news|last=PTI| title=Pakistan restores access to Facebook| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article443359.ece| accessdate=June 1, 2010| newspaper=The Hindu Times| date=June 1, 2010| location=Chennai, India}}</ref> This review was postponed to July 9, 2010.<ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite news| title=LHC adjourns Facebook petition hearing| url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-lhc-facebook-petition-hearing-qs-04| accessdate=September 14, 2010| date=June 15, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| ====MillatFacebook==== | |||
| {{Main|MillatFacebook}} | |||
| ''Millat'' of ] (faith of Abraham) is a word used to describe the Muslim faith. Due to the block on Facebook in Pakistan, a ] version of the site, ], was created to cater primarily to Muslims. This is Pakistan's first social networking site and a writer for ] reported in May 2010 that it had received poor reviews and drawn few adherents.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Waqar Hussain|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iOAHXhFHXrWMDdtAajYAxmypKT2w|title=Pakistanis create rival Muslim Facebook|work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Google|accessdate=June 1, 2010|date=May 26, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| ==Reception== | |||
| ===Support=== | |||
| The idea for the May 20 protest received support from ], an opinion columnist for '']'': "Americans love their free speech and have had enough of those who think they can dictate the limits of that fundamental right. Draw to any heart's discontent. It's a free country. For now."<ref name=kpfos/> The idea also received support from prominent bloggers and bloggers on prominent websites, such as ] at '']'' magazine's "Hit & Run" blog, who encouraged his readers to send him their drawings.<ref name="moynihan423">Moynihan, Michael C., , blog post, April 23, 2010, "Hit & Run" blog, ''Reason'' magazine website. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> Moynihan stated he planned to select some of his favorite depictions of Muhammad from the protest movement, and then add them to the Reason.com website.<ref name="moye" /><ref name="moynihan423" /> Moynihan commented, "In the South Park episode that started all this, Buddha does lines of coke and there was an episode where Cartman started a Christian rock band that sang very homo-erotic songs. Yet there is one religious figure we can't make fun of. The point of the episode that started the controversy is that celebrities wanted Muhammad's power not to be ridiculed. How come non-Muslims aren't allowed to make jokes?"<ref name="moye" /> Moynihan posited that the decision of Comedy Central to enact ] of the ''South Park'' episode would have the impact of worsening the situation.<ref name="moye" /> | |||
| Maayana Miskin of '']'' characterized the movement as "a mass protest".<ref>{{Cite news| last = Miskin | first = Maayana | title = Censorship Sparks 'Everybody Draw Muhammad Day' | work =] | publisher =www.israelnationalnews.com | date =April 25, 2010 | url = http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137198 | accessdate =May 2, 2010 }}</ref> Writing for '']'', Ethel C. Fenig described the protest movement as a cause for freedom of speech.<ref>{{Cite news| last =Fenig | first = Ethel C. | title = Today is 'Draw Mohammed Day' | work = ] | date = April 26, 2010 | url = http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2010/04/today_is_draw_mohammed_day.html | accessdate =May 2, 2010 }}</ref> '']'' commented positively on the protest idea, "Sounds like an idea we'd like to frame."<ref>{{Cite news| title = Why is Denver's tax money going to Dallas? | work = ] | publisher = Denver Westword, LLC | date = April 29, 2010 | url = http://www.westword.com/2010-04-29/news/why-is-denver-s-tax-money-going-to-dallas/ | accessdate = May 2, 2010}}</ref> The editor of ''Family Security Matters'', Pam Meister, discussed the protest movement from the perspective of freedom of speech, and commented, "... I realize that in a free society, someone is always going to be doing or saying something that will offend somebody somewhere. I also realize that more free speech, not censorship, is the answer."<ref name="pammeister">{{Cite news| last =Meister | first = Pam | title = Exclusive: ‘Draw Mohammed Day’ – A Gratuitous Offense or a Legitimate Stand on Freedom of Speech? | work = Family Security Matters| language = | date = April 27, 2010 | url = http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.6078/pub_detail.asp | accessdate =May 3, 2010 }}</ref> Andrew Mellon of '']'' wrote in favor of the protest movement, commenting, "The bottom line is that the First Amendment guarantees free speech including criticism of all peoples. We are an equal-opportunity offense country. To censor ourselves to avoid upsetting a certain group (in a cartoon no less) is un-American."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Mellon | first =Andrew | title = Coming May 20: Everybody Draw Mohammed Day | work =] | publisher = bigjournalism.com | date = April 25, 2010 | url =http://bigjournalism.com/amellon/2010/04/25/everybody-draw-mohammed-day/ | accessdate = May 3, 2010 }}</ref> Mario Roy of '']'' discussed the incident, and noted, "it is likely that institutions will apply more and more self-censorship. Fearing a possible threat, nothing is worse than the fear of fear."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Roy | first = Mario | title = La nouvelle censure | work = ] | language = French| publisher = www.cyberpresse.ca | page = | date = April 27, 2010 | url =http://www.cyberpresse.ca/place-publique/editorialistes/mario-roy/201004/26/01-4274442-la-nouvelle-censure.php | accessdate = May 6, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| Writing for '']'', Jeremy Lott commented positively about the protest movement: "While the suits at Comedy Central and Yale University Press have been cowed, people across the country have decided to speak up and thereby magnify the offense a thousandfold."<ref>{{Cite news| last =Lott | first = Jeremy | coauthors = | title = The Nation's Pulse – The Humorless Veto | work = ] | date =April 27, 2010 | url = http://spectator.org/archives/2010/04/27/the-humorless-veto| accessdate =May 3, 2010 }}</ref> Helge Rønning, a professor at the Institute of Media and Communication at the ], said the offense to Muslims was outweighed by freedom-of-speech concerns. "Indignation from those who claim the right to engage in criticism of religion is as important as the indignation that comes from the Muslim side," he told the ] (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation). "I think that this is an attitude that goes deeper than whether these drawings are blasphemous or not." ], a Norwegian editor who was threatened in 2006 after he reprinted ] in his publication, supported the May 20 protest. "I think maybe this is the right way to react—with humor, and also to spread this number, so it isn't only a few who sit with all the threats and all the discomfort associated with defending our freedom of speech in this area," he said.<ref>Vold, Henrik Brattli, , article, NRK (Norsk Rikskringkasting AS—]), April 26, 2010, in Norwegian (Selbekk: "og jeg synes kanskje dette er den riktige måten å reagere på – med humor, og også å spre dette på flere, så det ikke bare er noen få som blir sittende med alle truslene "; Rønning: "Jeg mener nok at indignasjonen fra dem som hevder retten til å drive religionskritikk er like viktig som den indignasjonen som kommer fra den muslimske siden. Jeg tror at dette er en holdning som går dypere enn hvorvidt disse tegningene er blasfemiske eller ikke,"), Google translation. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> In an analysis of the protest movement and surrounding controversy, staff writer Liliana Segura of '']'' noted, "In a democratic society where free speech is vigilantly protected, it is perfectly reasonable to call out censorship, particularly when it springs from some form of tyrannical religious extremism."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Segura | first = Liliana | title = Right-Wing Attacks on South Park Censorship Ignore America's Wars in Muslim Countries | publisher = ]| date =April 26, 2010 | url = http://www.alternet.org/media/146627/right-wing_attacks_on_south_park_censorship_ignore_america%27s_wars_in_muslim_countries?page=1 | accessdate = May 3, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| ===Criticism=== | |||
| Law professor and blogger ] rejected the Everybody Draw Mohammed Day idea because "depictions of Muhammad offend millions of Muslims who are no part of the violent threats."<ref>Althouse, Ann, , blog post, April 24, 2010, "Althouse" blog. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> ], writing in the "Best of the Web Today" column at '']'', also objected to the idea, not only because depicting Mohammed "is inconsiderate of the sensibilities of others", but also because "it defines those others—Muslims—as being outside of our culture, unworthy of the courtesy we readily accord to insiders."<ref>Taranto, James, , opinion article, ''The Wall Street Journal'', April 26, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</ref> Bill Walsh of '']'' wrote critically of the initiative, which seemed "petulant and childish" to him: "It attempts to battle religious zealotry with rudeness and sacrilege, and we can only wait to see what happens, but I fear it won’t be good."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Walsh | first =Bill | title = Respect for Religions | work =] | publisher = ] | date =April 28, 2010 | url = http://www.wickedlocal.com/bedford/news/opinions/x43876491/Respect-for-religions | accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> ] wrote in '']'', "As a cartoon, it was mildly amusing. As a campaign, it's crass and gratuitously offensive."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Albrechtsen | first = Janet | authorlink = Janet Albrechtsen | title = South Park gag makes a mockery of freedom of expression |work=The Australian | date =May 5, 2010 | url =http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/south-park-gag-makes-a-mockery-of-freedom-of-expression/story-e6frg6zo-1225862266385 | accessdate = May 5, 2010 }}</ref> Writing for ]'s Center for Religion and Media publication, ''The Revealer'', Jeremy F. Walton called the event a "blasphemous faux holiday", which would "only serve to reinforce broader American misunderstandings of Islam and Muslims".<ref>{{Cite news| last =Walton | first = Jeremy F. | title = Who’s Afraid of the Free Speech Fundamentalists?: Reflections on the South Park Cartoon Controversy | work = The Revealer | publisher = ]'s Center for Religion and Media | date = April 28, 2010 | url = http://therevealer.org/archives/3950 | accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| Franz Kruger, writing for the '']'', called Everybody Draw Mohammed Day a "silly Facebook initiative" and found "the undertone of a 'clash of civilisations'" in it "disturbing", noting that "it is clear that some feel great satisfaction at what they see as 'sticking it to the Muslims'."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Kruger| first =Franz | title = Why draw the Prophet? | work = ] | date =May 28, 2010 | url =http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-05-28-why-draw-the-prophet | accessdate = May 30, 2010 }}</ref> The ''Mail & Guardian'', which had itself published a controversial cartoon of Mohammed in its pages, distanced itself from the group, noting that it "claimed to be a protest against restrictions on freedom of speech and religious fanaticism, but had seemingly become a forum for venting Islamophobic sentiment."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Sapa| title = M&G regrets cartoon offence over prophet | work = ] | date =May 31, 2010 | url =http://www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=405490 | accessdate = June 11, 2010 }}</ref> ], writing for '']'', called the Facebook initiative a "grubby project": "... there’s something here that makes me twitch. I think it’s the 'everybody'. It’s the 'everybody' of a man at the back of a mob, trying to persuade other people to get lynching. If a cartoonist wants to satirise Islam by drawing Mohammed, I’m on his side all the way. But among the 13,000 pictures on the EDMD Facebook page, you have Mohammed as a dog in a veil, Mohammed as a pig and Mohammed as a monkey. That’s not resistance, but picking a fight. Issuing a death threat against somebody who drew a picture isn’t my thing, but this isn’t either."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Rifkind| first =Hugo | title = This is a poor way to draw attention to intolerance | work = ] | date =May 25, 2010 | url =http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/hugo_rifkind/article7135478.ece | accessdate = May 30, 2010 | location=London}}</ref> Bilal Baloch, writing for '']'', called the initiative "juvenile" and "an irresponsible poke-in-the-eye", while at the same time criticizing the Pakistani government's response, and calling on "Pakistan's internet community to engage in an organised and compelling dialogue: if not with the offenders, then most certainly with the rest of the world that is watching."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Baloch| first =Bilal | title = Pakistan Facebook ban not the answer | work = ] | date =May 22, 2010 | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/may/22/pakistan-facebook-twitter-ban | accessdate = May 30, 2010 | location=London}}</ref> | |||
| In Pakistan, an editorial in '']'', the country's oldest English-language newspaper, said that there was no doubt that the Facebook initiative "was in poor taste and deserving of strong condemnation", adding that it was "debatable whether freedom of expression should extend to material that is offensive to the sensibilities, traditions and beliefs of religious, ethnic or other communities." However, the editorial called the Lahore High Court's decision to block Facebook a "knee-jerk reaction", saying that "many users feel, and rightly so, that they can decide for themselves what is or is not offensive, and choose not to access material that is repugnant to their beliefs" and that the block might "have played right into the hands of those who think nothing of displaying or publishing material that denigrates their beliefs. By reacting the way we do we only harm ourselves and, in the process, even become a subject of derision."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Staff| title = Facebook furore | work = ] | date =May 21, 2010 | url =http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/editorial/19-facebook-furore-150-hh-09 | accessdate = May 30, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| ===Analysis=== | |||
| The protest movement and incidents surrounding the ] of the ''South Park'' episode were discussed on the ] program, '']'', where commentators including ] analyzed the phenomenon of Norris withdrawing from the cartoon.<ref name="douthat">{{Cite news| last =Douthat | first = Ross |authorlink=Ross Douthat | coauthors = | title = You Can't Portray Muhammad On TV| work = ] | publisher = ] | date =April 26, 2010 | url =http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126283217 | accessdate = May 2, 2010 }}</ref> Stephanie Gutmann of '']'' wrote that she had joined the Facebook group, and commented that if the ] was found to be related to the '']'' episode "]", "this sort of protest will be more important than ever".<ref>{{Cite news| last = Gutmann | first = Stephanie | title = Facebook group says make May 20 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK | date = May 3, 2010 | url = http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/stephaniegutmann/100037736/facebook-group-says-make-may-20-everybody-draw-mohammed-day/ | accessdate = May 3, 2010 }}</ref> Writing for '']'', journalist Noah Lederman noted that Norris' cartoon, "was her way of supporting the show’s creators and the First Amendment."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Lederman | first = Noah | title =South Park, Mohammed, and the First Amendment | work =] | publisher = thefastertimes.com | date = May 4, 2010 | url =http://thefastertimes.com/hate/2010/05/04/south-park-mohammed-and-the-first-amendment/ | accessdate =May 5, 2010 }}</ref> Writing for '']'', John Lloyd commented on the decision by Norris to withdraw from the protest movement, and noted, "Molly Norris proposed a 'let’s everyone draw Mohammed day' – then, apparently appalled by her own audacity, backed quickly away."<ref name="johnlloyd">{{Cite news| last = Lloyd| first =John | title = Hard men and high drama: life imitating art? | work = ] | date =May 8, 2010 | url =http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/bbd083d6-595c-11df-99ba-00144feab49a.html | accessdate = May 9, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| Writing for '']'', Austin Dacey compared the protest movement to ]: "Forget the ''South Park'' dust up; forget Everybody Draw Muhammad Day. If you want to see truly shocking anti-religious cartoons, you have to go back to the sixteenth century. Near the end of Luther’s life, his propaganda campaign against Rome grew increasingly vitriolic and his language grotesquely pungent."<ref name="austindacey">{{Cite news| last =Dacey | first = Austin | title = Satire is Religion – The debate over cartoons and prophets is not just about free of speech; it’s about freedom of religion.| work = Religion Dispatches | publisher =www.religiondispatches.org | date = May 12, 2010 | url = http://www.religiondispatches.org/archive/culture/2561/satire_is_religion/ | accessdate = May 13, 2010 }}</ref> Dacey argued, "The debate over cartoon depictions of the Prophet Muhammad is often framed as a clash between free speech and religious attitudes. But it is just as much a clash between ''conflicting'' religious attitudes, and the freedom at stake is not only freedom of expression but freedom of religion. For while Luther was surely engaging in offensive speech, he was also exercising a right of freedom of conscience, which included the right to dissent from Catholic orthodoxy."<ref name="austindacey" /> | |||
| In an analysis of the protest movement for the '']'', journalist Jordan Manalastas commented, "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day is a chance to reinstate offense and sincerity to their proper place, freed from terror or silence. ... The proper (and, at the risk of looking ], American) way to combat bad speech is with better speech. To silence and be silenced are the refuge of cowards."<ref>{{Cite news| last = Manalastas | first = Jordan | title =Cartoonist criticized for creating ‘Everybody Draw Mohammed Day’ should have defended her right to First Amendment | work = ] |publisher = www.dailybruin.com, ] | date = May 17, 2010 | url =http://www.dailybruin.com/articles/2010/5/17/cartoonist-criticized-creating-everybody-draw-moha/ | accessdate = May 17, 2010 }}</ref> In an analysis of the protest movement for '']'', ] was critical of the concept of "mocking Muhammad," writing, "... these two camps – the Muhammad-knockers and the Muslim offence-takers – are locked in a ]. Islamic extremists need Western depictions of Muhammad as evidence that there is a new crusade against Islam, while the Muhammad-knockers need the ], street-stomping antics of the extremists as evidence that their defence of the Enlightenment is a risky, important business."<ref>{{Cite news| last = O'Neill | first = Brendan | title =Mocking Muhammad: a shallow Enlightenment | work =] | publisher = www.spiked-online.com | date =May 19, 2010 | url = http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/8894/ | accessdate = May 18, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| Several ]s quoted by '']'' blogger Michael Cavna were critical of the Draw Mohammed Day idea or declined to participate, although all supported the right of cartoonists to depict Mohammed if they chose to.<ref name=Cavna20May>Michael Cavna, , '']'' blog ''Comics Riff'' (May 20, 2010).</ref> The president of the ] opposed involvement because "something like that can be too easily co-opted by interest groups who, I suspect, have an agenda that goes beyond a simple defense of free expression."<ref name=Cavna20May/> Other cartoonists quoted in the article called the event "childish and needlessly provocative" or demurred because they dislike "choreographed punditry".<ref name=Cavna20May/> | |||
| Tarek Kahlaoui, an assistant professor of Islamic Art at ],<ref></ref> analyzed the reasons behind ] in an article on Global Expert Finder, pointing out that despite aniconism the depiction of Muhammad is not wholly forbidden in Islam, and so in principle it should be possible for non-Muslims to draw him as well, although stating: "What should be an issue, however, are all possible implications between visual representation and bigotry". He also defended ] in the way that it's an important right of all Americans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobalexperts.org/comment-analysis/drawing-the-prophet-muhammad-should-not-be-an-issue|title=Drawing the Prophet Muhammad is not the issue|author=Tarek Kahlaoui|date=May 17, 2010|publisher=Global Expert Finder|accessdate=January 27, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ]]] | |||
| ===Threat on Molly Norris's life=== | |||
| On July 11, 2010, it was reported that Yemeni-American al-Qaeda cleric ] had put Molly Norris on a hitlist. In the English-language ] magazine '']'', Al-Awlaki wrote "The medicine prescribed by the Messenger of Allah is the execution of those involved," and was quoted as saying <blockquote>The large number of participants makes it easier for us because there are more targets to choose from in addition to the difficulty of the government offering all of them special protection ... But even then our campaign should not be limited to only those who are active participants.<ref name="hitlist">{{cite web |first=James Gordon |last=Meek |first2=Katie |last2=Nelson |url =http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/cleric-anwar-al-awlaki-puts-draw-mohammed-cartoonist-molly-norris-execution-hitlist-article-1.464988 |title =Cleric Anwar al-Awlaki puts 'Everybody Draw Mohammed' cartoonist Molly Norris on execution hitlist |publisher =Daily News |date =July 11, 2010 |accessdate=February 6, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="threat">{{cite web |first=Joshua Rhett |last=Miller |url =http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/07/12/death-threats-rattle-everybody-draw-muhammad-day-advocate/7-july-2010 |title ='Everybody Draw Muhammad Day' Advocate Rattled by Death Threats |publisher =Fox News |date =July 12, 2010 |accessdate=February 6, 2013 }}</ref></blockquote> | |||
| ] officials reportedly notified Norris warning her that they considered it a "very serious threat."<ref name="hitlist" /><ref name="threat" /> | |||
| Norris has since changed her name and gone into hiding. According to the '']'' (her former employer), this decision was based on "the insistence of top security specialists at the FBI."<ref></ref> According to another source, however, the FBI warned her of threats but did not specifically encourage her to go underground.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/dannywestneat/2012937189_danny19.html | work=The Seattle Times | first=Danny | last=Westneat | title=Terror threat to Seattle cartoonist should draw response | date=September 18, 2010}}</ref> | |||
| The threat against Norris appeared to be renewed when Al Qaeda's '']'' included her in its March 2013 edition with eleven others in a pictorial spread entitled "Wanted: Dead or Alive for Crimes Against Islam," and captioned "Yes We Can: A Bullet A Day Keeps the Infidel Away."<ref>{{cite web |first=Dashiell |last=Bennett |url =http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2013/03/al-qaeda-most-wanted-list/62673/ |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6HtcWUniy |archivedate=July 5, 2013 |title =Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List |publisher =The Atlantic Wire |date =March 1, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2013 |deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Daniel |last=Halper |url =http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/al-qaeda-mag-publishes-wanted-dead-or-alive-list_704904.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6HtbXBiy8 |archivedate=July 5, 2013 |title =Al Qaeda Mag Publishes 'Wanted: Dead or Alive' List |publisher =The Weekly Standard |date =March 1, 2013 |accessdate=March 3, 2013 |deadurl= no}}</ref> | |||
| ==Gallery== | |||
| <!-- | |||
| EDITORS’ NOTE: Entries to this gallery are governed per ]. | |||
| --> | |||
| ;Images and media related to "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" | |||
| <div align="center"> | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Everybody Draw Muhammad Day by Napalm filled tires.ogv|Video of an individual drawing a cartoon on paper. | |||
| File:Mohammed - in the style of Mondriaan.png|"Mohammed (in the style of ])" | |||
| File:Mohammed by dannyman.png|] image cartoon, advocating for ]. | |||
| File:Mohammed by Jeff Walenta.jpg|Depiction in stick figure format, by individual from ], Florida. | |||
| File:Mohammed at night by Ysterius.jpg|"Mohammed at night", – Black background with no depiction of a character, simply text at the bottom. | |||
| File:Fsm party2 by Ribarnica.jpg|Depiction, including Jesus and the ]. | |||
| File:Ultramohammed by pickmans modell.jpg|Depiction, in style of ] from ] of ]. | |||
| File:Burning Mo by Librarianguish.jpg|"Burning Mo", a stylistic representation making reference to the '']''. | |||
| File:Depiction of The "Prophet" Muhammad by Napalm filled tires.jpg|Drawing, by an individual from ]. | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| </div> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Freedom of speech|Internet|Islam|Journalism}} | |||
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| * '']'' | |||
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| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Wikinews|YouTube, Facebook blocked in Pakistan}} | |||
| {{Commons category|Everybody Draw Mohammed Day}} | |||
| * ]. , HotAir.com, April 23, 2010. | |||
| *, Jason, ''The American MAXIM'', April 23, 2010. | |||
| {{Depictions of Muhammad|state=autocollapse}} | |||
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