Military ranks of the Soviet Union: Difference between revisions

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	==Rank Table==		==Rank Table==
	]		]
			Chart shows ranks during the time before the ], circa ]-].

	{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="6" align="center"		{\|class="prettytable" cellpadding="5" align="center"
	!width="20%" \|Category		!width="20%" \|Category
	!width="30%" \|~~Soviet~~ All-forces ranks~~<br>(Army, Militsiya)~~		!width="40%" \|All-forces ranks
			!Deck Ranks
	!Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks<br>(Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services)

	!Soviet Navy Ranks
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="6" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="5" \|<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center>
	~~\|colspan="3"~~\|<center>]<br>('''~~Генерали́ссимус~~ ~~Сове́тского~~ Сою́за''')~~<center>~~		\|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')
	\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
	----
	<center>'''-'''<center>
	\|<center>'''-'''<center>
	----
	<center>]<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center>
	----
	<center>'''-'''<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''~~Генера́л~~ а́рмии''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л а́рмии'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал рода войск'''), <br>] of an arm<br>('''Ма́ршал рода войск''')<center>

	\|<center>] '''of''' ]'''<br>(''Ма́ршал авиа́ции''')<br><center> ] '''or''' ] '''of branches'''<br>('''Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск''')<center><center>
	\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>		\|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="3" \|<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''подполко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подполко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>		\|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>		\|rowspan="4" \|<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center>
	\|<center>] ~~'''of aviation'''~~<br>('''капита́н ~~авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>(капита́н ро́да во́йск~~''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Captain-]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ] ~~'''of aviation'''~~<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ~~авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск~~''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>'''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "3" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>		\|rowspan = "2" \|<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center><center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center>
	\|-
	\|<center>] ('''подпра́порщик''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br> ('''подпра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>]<br> ('''бо́цман''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>		\|rowspan = "4" \|<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''старшина́ авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''старшина́ ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Chief Ship ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>Chief Ship ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>		\|<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>		\|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center>
	\|<center>Junior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>		\|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>		\|rowspan= "2" \|<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center>
	\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center>
			\|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br> '''or''' Senior ]<br>('''ефре́йтор авиа́ции''') '''или''' ('''стáрший лё́тчик''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>Senior ]<br> '''or''' ], ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''') '''или''' ('''ста́рший моря́к''')<center>
	\|-		\|-
	\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''рядово́й~~''') '''или''' ('''солдáт~~''')<center>		\|<center>]<br>('''рядово́й''')<center>
			\|<center>]<br>('''матро́с''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''of aviation''' '''or''' ]<br>('''рядово́й авиа́ции''') '''или''' ('''лё́тчик''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''рядово́й ро́да во́йск''')<center>
	\|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''матро́с''') '''или''' ('''моря́к''') <center>
	\|}		\|}
	{{ref\|1}}

	==History of Soviet Ranks==

	The ] of ] cancelled the privileges of Russian nobility (]). The ] was abolished and so were the personal military ranks. The army and the navy has returned to a system of ''positional ranks'' that were acronyms of the full position names. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''] Commander''; likewise ''kombat'' was ''] Commander'', etc. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.

	The personal ranks were not reintroduced until ], and ] ranks were restored in May ]. The ranks were based on Russian Empire military ranks, although they underwent some modifications; the modified Imperial rank ] was reintroduced in ].

	In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under ] and holding '''Starshina''' (]) rank were reassigned to newly-created '''Praporshchik''' rank (not to be confused with similarly named ] rank of commissioned officers); ''starshina'' was reserved for conscripts only.

	The table of Soviet military ranks is in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation).

	==Notable ranks ==

	=== ] ===
	Was a rank acquired by ] in ] ] during ]. It has never been used since, and could be observed as a rank similar to ] or ]'s rank of ].

	Two notable ranks during the era of the ] include that of ], along with ], which was a rank used by ] after ], ]. Other notable ranks include that of ] and that of the ].

	=== ] ===

	]
	The ranks of ''Marshal of the Soviet Union'' (transliteration: ''Marshal Sovietskogo Soyuza'') () was in practice the highest military rank of the ]. (The highest rank in theory, ] of the Soviet Union, was created for ] and held by him alone). The rank was abolished in ] after the ], and was replaced by the ] rank.

	List of those awarded the rank of ]:

	*] (1881-1969), appointed November 1935
	*] (1893-1937), appointed November 1935
	*] (1883-1939), appointed November 1935
	*] (1883-1973), appointed November 1935
	*] (1890-1938), appointed November 1935
	*] (1895-1970), appointed May 1940
	*] (1890-1950), appointed May 1940
	*] (1882-1945), appointed May 1940
	*] (1896-1974), appointed January 1943
	*] (1895-1977), appointed February 1943
	*] (1879-1953), appointed March 1943
	*] (1897-1973), appointed February 1944
	*] (1897-1955), appointed June 1944
	*] (1896-1968), appointed June 1944 (As Konstanty Rokossowski he was also a ] from 1949)
	*] (1898-1967), appointed September 1944
	*] (1894-1949), appointed September 1944
	*] (1897-1968), appointed October 1944
	*] (1899-1953), appointed July 1945
	*] (1897-1968), appointed July 1946
	*] (1895-1975), appointed November 1947
	*] (1897-1982), appointed March 1955
	*] (1904-64), appointed March 1955
	*] (1903-76), appointed March 1955
	*] (1892-1970), appointed March 1955
	*] (1902-85), appointed March 1955
	*] (1900-82), appointed March 1955
	*] (1898-1972), appointed May 1959
	*] (1900-80), appointed May 1961
	*] (1903-72), appointed May 1962
	*] (1912-76), appointed April 1967
	*] (1910-84), appointed April 1968
	*] (1904-76), appointed April 1968
	*] (1906-82), appointed May 1976
	*] (1908-84), appointed July 1976
	*] (born 1921), appointed January 1977
	*] (1917-94), appointed January 1977
	*] (born 1911), appointed February 1978
	*] (1923-91), appointed March 1983
	*] (1917-90), appointed March 1983
	*] (born 1917), appointed March 1983
	*] (born 1924), appointed April 1990

	]
	]
	]

	=== ] ===

	Was a rank equivalent to that of ] in the ]. This rank was abolised in ], and replaced with ].

	List of those awarded the rank of ]:

	*] (1902-74): Appointed ], 1955; demoted ], 1956; restored posthumously ], ]
	*] (1894-1967): Appointed ], 1955
	*] (1910-88): Appointed ], 1967 {{note\|2}}

	=== Chief Marshal ===
	The rank of ] was included in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in ], but were largely restricted to the artillery and Air Force by 1984, and had ceased to be conferred in these branches as well.

	'''List of Chief Marshals'''
	]

	*'''Chief Marshals of the Air Forces'''
	**] (19.11.1900-3.12.1976) Appointed 21.02.1944
	**] (7.08.1904-22.09.1975) Appointed 19.08.1944
	**] (19.01.1900-2.10.1963) Appointed 11.3.1955
	**] (3.06.1900-30.12.1973) Appointed 8.05.1959
	**] (16.08.1914-3.12.1984) Appointed 03.1972
	**] (29.07.1923- ) Appointed 1977. Served as Minister of Civil Aviation ]-]
	**] (20.09.1923-9.06.1992) Appointed 1984. Served as ''commander of air defense'' from ] to ]
	**] (3.2.1942- ) Appointed 09.1991. In August- December 1991 last Minister of Defense OF THE USSR. In 1991-93 served as ''commander-in-chief of the United Armed Forces of the ]''.

	*'''Chief Marshals of Artillery'''
	**] (5.05.1899-28.02.1968) Appointed 21.02.1944
	**] (9.11.1902-24.10.1960) Appointed 8.05.1959
	**] (10.08.1901-1.03.1971) Appointed 6.05.1961
	**] (25.11.1914-17.06.1989) Appointed 1983

	*'''Chief Marshals of Tank Forces'''
	**] (6.07.1901-16.04.1982) Appointed 28.04.1962
	**] (18.2.1906-1.11.1977) Appointed 05.1975

	The ranks of Chief Marshal of Engineer Troops and of Chief Marshal of Signals, established both in 1943 and abolished both in 1984, were never conferred on anybody.











			=== Marshal of an arm===
			The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other.

	== Rank insignia ==		== Rank insignia ==
Line 242:		Line 94:
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]


	== ~~Notes~~ ==		==External links==
	#{{note\|U.S. Army}} ''US Army Field Manual 100-2-3 - The Soviet Army; Troops Organisation and Equipment.'' June 1991.

	== References ==

	*		*
	*		*
	*
	*		*
	*		*
	*		*
	*
	*

	==External links==
	* "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
	* "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank isnignia" (in Russian)
	*

	]		]

Revision as of 17:44, 20 June 2006

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Soviet Armed Forces

Components
General Staff Strategic Rocket Forces Red Army Soviet Army Air Defence Forces Air Forces Navy Airborne Forces
Ranks of the Soviet Military
Military ranks of the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union History of Russian military ranks
v t e

The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. From then the Imperial Table of Ranks was abolished, as was the right of the pre Soviet nobility to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. Soviet ranks were abolished in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, although modern Russian military insignia has been largely adopted from the Soviet system.

Rank Table

File:SovietUniform-1-.jpg

Uniform abstract of the Soviet Union

Chart shows ranks during the time before the collapse of the Soviet Union, circa 1980-1991.

Category	All-forces ranks	Deck Ranks
Supreme Officers or General Officers	Marshal of the Soviet Union (Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за)	Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за)
	General of the Army (генера́л а́рмии), Chief Marshal of an arm (Гла́вный Ма́ршал рода войск), Marshal of an arm (Ма́ршал рода войск)	Admiral of the Fleet (адмира́л фло́та)
	Colonel General (генера́л-полко́вник)	Admiral (адмира́л)
	Lieutenant General (генера́л-лейтена́нт)	Vice Admiral (ви́це-адмира́л)
	Major General (генера́л-майо́р)	Counter Admiral (ко́нтр-адмира́л)
Senior Officers or Field Grade Officers	Colonel (полко́вник)	Captain, 1st rank (капита́н 1-го ра́нга)
	Lieutenant Colonel (подполко́вник)	Captain, 2nd rank (капита́н 2-го р́анга)
	Major (майо́р)	Captain, 3rd rank (капита́н 3-го р́анга)
Junior Officers or Company Grade Officers	Captain (капита́н)	Captain Lieutenant (капита́н-лейтена́нт)
	Senior Lieutenant (ста́рший лейтена́нт)	Senior Lieutenant (старший лейтенант)
	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)	Lieutenant (лейтена́нт)
	Junior Lieutenant (мла́дший лейтена́нт)	Junior Lieutenant (мла́дший лейтена́нт)
Under-Officers or Master non-commissioned officers	Senior Praporshchik (ста́рший пра́порщик)	Senior Midshipman (ста́рший ми́чман)
Under-Officers or Master non-commissioned officers	Praporshchik (пра́порщик)	Midshipman (ми́чман)
Sergeants and Petty Officers	Starshina (старшина́)	Chief Ship Starshina (гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́)
	Senior Sergeant (ста́рший сержа́нт)	Chief Starshina (гла́вный старшина́)
	Sergeant (сержа́нт)	Starshina, 1st class (старшина́ 1-й статьи́)
	Junior Sergeant (мла́дший сержа́нт)	Starshina, 2nd class (старшина́ 2-й статьи́)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Gefreiter (ефре́йтор)	Senior Seaman (ста́рший матро́с)
Soldiers, seamen, airmen	Private (рядово́й)	Seaman (матро́с)

Marshal of an arm

The ranks of Chief Marshal of an arm and Marshal of an arm were used in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in 1943 and were both equivalent to General of the Army, although they maintained precedence between each other.

Rank insignia

Army

File:Rank-army-1-.gif

Navy

File:Rank-navy-1-.gif

External links

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