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Antichess (also known as Losing chess, the Losing Game, Giveaway chess, Suicide chess, Killer chess, or Take-all chess) is a chess variant in which the objective of each player is to lose all of his pieces or be stalemated, that is, a misère version. In some variations, a player may also win by checkmating or by being checkmated. Antichess is one of the most popular of all chess variants.

The origin of the game is unknown, but believed to significantly pre-date an early version, named Take Me, played in the 1870s. Because of the popularity of Antichess, several variations have spawned. The most widely played variation is described by David Pritchard in Popular Chess Variants.

Rules (main variant)

The rules are the same as those for standard chess, except for the following special rules:

• Capturing is compulsory.
• When more than one capture is available, the player may choose.
• The king has no royal power and accordingly:
  • it may be captured like any other piece;
  • there is no check or checkmate;
  • there is no castling.
• In addition to its normal promotion options, a pawn may promote to a king.
• Stalemate is a win for the stalemated player.

A player wins by losing all his pieces, or being stalemated. Apart from move repetition, draw by agreement, and the fifty-move rule, the game is also drawn when a win is impossible (such as if a dark-squared bishop and a light-squared bishop are the only pieces remaining).

Analysis

Because of the forced capture rule, antichess games often involve long sequences of forced captures by one player. This means that a minor mistake can ruin the game. Losing openings include 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.d3, 1.Nf3, 1.Nc3, 1.f4, 1.h4, 1.b4 and 1.h3. Some of these openings took months of computer time to solve, but the wins against 1.e4, 1.d4, and 1.d3 consist of a single series of forced captures and can be played from memory by most experienced players.

Variations

Variant 2

Rules are the same as the main rules, except:

• Pawns promote only to queens.
• Stalemate is a draw.

Variant 3

Rules are the same as the main rules, except:

• The king has royal powers, and removing the king from check takes precedence over capturing another piece.
• A player wins by reducing his pieces to just a king, or by checkmating the opponent.
• Stalemate is a draw.

Variant 4

Rules are the same as variant 3, except:

• A player wins by reducing his pieces to just a king, or by getting checkmated.

Variant 5

Rules are the same as the main rules, except:

• Stalemate is a win for the player with the fewer number of pieces remaining; if both have the same number, it is a draw. The piece types are irrelevant (FICS rules).

Losers Chess (ICC)

Losing chess (Suicide chess) has been a popular chess variant on many chess servers ever since the early days of the ICS. There are two major variants played online, Losers Chess (aka w17) played on ICC, which actually created the variant because they were unable to implement the free ICSs' Suicide chess rules. The goal in both games is to lose all of one's pieces, although in Losers Chess, a player can also win by getting checkmated.

Kamikaze chess

• A player wins by losing all his pieces, or by checkmating the opponent.
• The king has royal powers, and removing the king from check takes precedence over capturing another piece.
• Players must lose their king last. Players must not move into check until they have only the king left.
• Pawns promote only to queens.

References

1. Pritchard (2007), p. 86

Bibliography

• Pritchard, D. B. (2000). "§7 Losing Chess". Popular Chess Variants. B.T. Batsford Ltd. pp. 32–38. ISBN 0-7134-8578-7.
• Pritchard, D. B. (2007). "§10.9 Playing to lose". The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. John Beasley. pp. 85–89. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1.
• Pritchard, D. B. (1994). "Losing Chess". The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. pp. 176–79. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1.

External links

• Losing Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
• Suicide Chess Review by Vladica Andrejić
• Losing Chess by Fabrice Liardet Template:Language icon
• Nilatac's opening book Suicide chess book browser
• Scidb a chess database supporting Antichess

• Chess variants