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| * ] - an ], but in some versions of the tale also a magician. | * ] - an ], but in some versions of the tale also a magician. | ||
| * ] - the famous wizard from ]s and their modern retellings. | * ] - the famous wizard from ]s and their modern retellings. | ||
| * ] - An ] wizard suggested by scholar ] to be the original ]. | |||
| * The ] - four wizards of ancient Greek myths. | * The ] - four wizards of ancient Greek myths. | ||
| * ] - ] god of magic. | * ] - ] god of magic. | ||
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| * The "Atsinganoi", early ] as described in the time of ] | * The "Atsinganoi", early ] as described in the time of ] | ||
| * ], whose magical powers were said to come from ]. | |||
| * ] a magician, occult writer, and an alchemist. | * ] a magician, occult writer, and an alchemist. | ||
| * ] is a controversial figure, the most famous modern wizard, who is believed to have coined the alternate spelling, "]." | * ] is a controversial figure, the most famous modern wizard, who is believed to have coined the alternate spelling, "]." | ||
Revision as of 11:28, 19 June 2006
For other uses, see Wizard (fantasy) (disambiguation).
A wizard is a practitioner of magic, especially in folklore, fantasy fiction, and fantasy role-playing games. In popular use during 16th century England, "wizard' was used to denote a helpful male folk magician, a cunning man as they were usually called. The word does not generally apply to Neopagans, or to stage magicians (or illusionists).
Etymology
During the 15th century, the term "wizard" referred to "philosopher, sage", from Middle English wysard (from wys "wise" and the -ard suffix also in drunkard etc.) The semantic restriction to "sorcerer, magician" occurred in the 16th century. They have historical roots in the Shamans and the Magi.
Derived Uses
Colloquially, anyone who is especially adept at some obscure or difficult endeavor may be referred to as a wizard. such as "computer wizard". or The Who's song Pinball Wizard.
In MUD games, a wizard is a member of the world-building staff.
Related terms
In most cases there is little to differentiate a wizard from similar fictional and folkloric practitioners of magic such as an enchanter, a magician, a sorcerer, a necromancer, or a thaumaturgist, but specific authors and works use the names with narrower meanings. When such distinctions are made, sorcerers are more often practitioners of evocations or black magic, and there may be variations on level and type of power associated with each name.
Incidentally, many people consider 'wizard' to be the masculine form of 'witch', but this is usually incorrect.
The ever-shifting chaos of fantasy writing has, of course, muddled the meaning of each term, so they should never be stuck with a single meaning, for they change depending upon where they're found.
Dungeons & Dragons Third Edition, for example, distinguishes between the sorcerer and wizard character classes as follows:
- "Wizards depend on intensive study to create their magic... For a wizard, magic is not a talent but a deliberate rewarding art."
Steve Pemberton's The Times & Life of Lucifer Jones describes the distinction thus: "The difference between a wizard and a sorcerer is comparable to that between, say, a lion and a tiger, but wizards are acutely status-conscious, and to them, it's more like the difference between a lion and a dead kitten."
In Terry Pratchett's Discworld books, "wizard" has essentially the common usage meaning. The eighth son of an eighth son has more magical powers and will normally become a wizard, while a Sourcerer is a wizard squared (an eighth son of an eighth son of an eighth son) and is a "source of magic" who can create new spells and is immensely more powerful. During the series only one sourcerer has appeared (in Sourcery) and in due course nearly brought about the end of the world. Pratchett also comically refers to the word's etymology, claiming in one of his footnotes that the word "wizard" originated from the ancient "wyz-ars", meaning "someone who, at bottom, is very smart." A pun, of course, on "wise-arse".
Tom Cross describes a Wizard as one who understands and seeks to protect Nature; both his or her own Nature, and the Nature of the whole Universe. The abilities of a Wizard come from the rhythms of Nature, centered around the axis mundi.
In the writings of Deepak Chopra, a Wizard is simply a Self-Realized person (see Non-duality), who recognizes itself (and consequently its ability) as limitless.
Diane Duane describes wizards as emmissaries of "the One" (see God), who take an oath to use powers beyond the comprehension of a non-wizard in the service of life, to keep entropy, personified as a Lone Power, under control and therefore delay the demise of the universe. They are said to still exist in the present day, but due to negative public perception, work undercover.
Myths and Legends
Wizards found in old fairy tales and myths include:
- Faust - an alchemist, but in some versions of the tale also a magician.
- Merlin - the famous wizard from Arthurian legends and their modern retellings.
- The Telchines - four wizards of ancient Greek myths.
- Thoth - Egyptian god of magic.
- The wizard in fairy tale of The Wizard King.
- Zhang Jiao - the leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
- Väinämöinen - the grand wizard of Kalevala
Wizards in Fiction
Famous wizards in folklore and fiction include:
- Prospero - the famous wizard in Shakespeare's The Tempest.
- The eponymous character of L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a stage magician pretending to be a genuine wizard; in the 1939 movie version the wizard was also a fake. However, in later Oz stories, he studies magic with Glinda and becomes a genuine wizard. See Wizard (Oz).
- Gandalf, Saruman, Radagast, Alatar and Pallando - from J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings - are called Wizards, but are really supernatural entities. In the Middle-earth legendarium, "wizard" is a term applied only to the five members of the Order of the Istari; the term "wizard" could never be applied to a human, and a human magic user is simply called a sorcerer or witch.
- All male magic-users from J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and its sequels.
- Sumner from the video game Gauntlet: Dark Legacy.
- Raistlin Majere from the Dragonlance series is the most famous wizard (called a mage, or magic-user) in the series.
- In Discworld, wizards are numerous, and can normally be found in the Unseen University.
- In Chrono Trigger, the dark wizard Magus is a playable character.
Mageborn
A mageborn (mājbôrn) is someone who is born with the affinity to perform magical acts.
Quotes
“For to keep dark the mind of the mageborn, that is a dangerous thing.” p. 14 of Ursula K. Le Guin’s A Wizard of Earthsea
“Do not meddle in the affairs of Wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.” Gildor Inglorion (an Elf) to Frodo Baggins in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings
Derivation
The root word, "mage," is Old English for Magus (plural Magi, from Latin, via Greek μάγος from Old Persian maguš). A mage is also known as a magician, sorcerer, wizard or shaman.
Uses today
Despite mage being an Old English term, it is still very common to see its use in games and novels.
See also
Real-Life Wizards
In history, there have been several real people who are or were believed to be wizards, sorcerers, etc. Examples include:
- The "Atsinganoi", early Roma people as described in the time of Constantine IX
- John Dee, whose magical powers were said to come from angels.
- Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa a magician, occult writer, and an alchemist.
- Aleister Crowley is a controversial figure, the most famous modern wizard, who is believed to have coined the alternate spelling, "magick."
- Gerald Fitzgerald, the Earl of Desmond, was a shapeshifter wizard, whose spirit is said to still haunt the living.
- Michael Scot, he could supposedly do amazing feats by conversing with spirits.
References
- Wizard in the Jargon File, and its Wiki version