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| ==Ethnic Minorities== | ==Ethnic Minorities== | ||
| Various ethnic minorities organizations like the Montagnard Foundation, International Office of Champa, and Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation allege that the Vietnamese people and government perpetuate human rights abuses against the ] (Montagnards), ], and ]. | Various ethnic minorities organizations like the ], International Office of Champa, and Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation allege that the Vietnamese people and government perpetuate human rights abuses against the ] (Montagnards), ], and ]. | ||
| The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Both Hindu and Muslim Chams have experienced religious and ethnic persecution and restrictions on their faith under the current Vietnamese government, with the Vietnamese state confisticating Cham property and forbidding Cham from observing their religious beliefs. Hindu temples were turned into tourist sites against the wishes of the Cham Hindus. In 2010 and 2013 several incidents occurred in Thành Tín and Phươc Nhơn villages where Cham were murdered by Vietnamese. In 2012, Vietnamese police in Chau Giang village stormed into a Cham Mosque, stole the electric generator, and also raped Cham girls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chamtoday.com/index.php/news-tin-t-c/100-mission-to-vietnam-advocacy-day |title=Mission to Vietnam Advocacy Day (Vietnamese-American Meet up 2013) in the U.S. Capitol. A UPR report By IOC-Campa |publisher=Chamtoday.com |date=2013-09-14 |accessdate=2014-06-17}}</ref> Cham Muslims in the Mekong Delta have also been economically marginalized and pushed into poverty by Vietnamese policies, with ethnic ] settling on majority Cham land with state support, and religious practices of minorities have been targeted for elimination by the Vietnamese government.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Taylor |first= Philip |last2= |first2= |date= December 2006|title= Economy in Motion: Cham Muslim Traders in the Mekong Delta|url= http://www.chamstudies.com/members/philiptaylor(chammuslimtraders).pdf |journal= The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology|publisher= The Australian National University |volume=Vol. 7 |issue= No. 3|page= 238 |doi=10.1080/14442210600965174 |ISSN=1444-2213 (print)/ 1740-9314 (online)/ |accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The Vietnamese government fears that evidence of ]'s influence over the ] would bring attention to human rights violations and killings of ethnic minorities in Vietnam such as in the 2001 and 2004 uprisings, and lead to the issue of Cham autonomy being brought into the dispute, since the Vietnamese conquered the Hindu and Muslim ] in a war in 1832, and the Vietnamese continue to destroy evidence of Cham culture and artifacts left behind, plundering or building on top of Cham temples, building farms over them, banning Cham religious practices, and omitting references to the destroyed Cham capital of Song Luy in the 1832 invasion in history books and tourist guides. The situation of Cham compared to ethnic Vietnamese is substandard, lacking water and electricity and living in houses made out of mud.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bray |first=Adam |last2= |first2= |date= PUBLISHED JUNE 16, 2014 |title= The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines |url= http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/06/140616-south-china-sea-vietnam-china-cambodia-champa/ |archiveurl=http://www.chamtoday.com/index.php/history-l-ch-s/169-the-cham-descendants-of-ancient-rulers-of-south-china-sea-watch-maritime-dispute-from-sidelines|archivedate=2014|journal= National Geographic News |publisher=National Geographic |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
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Human rights in Vietnam have long been a matter of much controversy between the Government of Vietnam and some international human rights organizations and Western governments, particularly that of the United States. Under the current constitution the Communist Party of Vietnam is the only one allowed to rule, the operation of all other political parties being outlawed: this is the main problem in terms of political freedom. Other human rights issues concern freedom of association, freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
Since 1994, Vietnam Human Rights Day is celebrated each year on May 11.
Recent facts of human rights in Vietnam from international human rights organizations reports
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In its 2004 report on Human Rights Practices, the U.S. State Department characterized Vietnam's human rights record as "poor" and cited the continuation of "serious abuses." According to the report, the government has imposed restrictions on freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of association.
Recent US reports maintain the same observations and international human rights organizations that share these views include Human Rights Watch and the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. The United Nations has highlighted religious persecution.
In 2009, the European Parliament expressed concern about "the growing climate of intolerance in Vietnam towards human rights defenders and members of officially unrecognized religious communities." It called on the government to end repression against freedom of expression, belief, and assembly, and to release its "political prisoners".
The government officially provides for freedom of religion and recognizes Buddhist, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hòa Hảo, Cao Đài, and Muslim denominations. However, the government supervises the clergies of the sanctioned groups (by approving appointments, for example) in the interest of "national unity".
Freedom of expression remains a problem as the Vietnamese authorities continue to use tough national security laws to punish critics of the regime. The official media remained tightly controlled by government censorship and obstruction.
Restrictions on the freedom to assemble remain a problem in Vietnam. There is an effort of the government to delay issuing a law for legalizing demonstration/strike although demonstration is legal as written in Vietnam's Constitution.
At present, Vietnam continues to hold more than 160 political prisoners, who have committed no "crimes" — other than to peaceably voice their complaints that their government is seen as becoming increasingly corrupt and unaccountable.
Current human-rights related dissidents
In 2009, Le Cong Dinh, a lawyer who several years previously had acted for the government in a successful case against American catfish farmers, was arrested and charged with the capital crime of subversion; several of his associates were also arrested. Many Western governments condemned the move, and human rights groups alleged that the arrest was due to Le Cong Dinhs' support for freedom of speech. Amnesty International named him and his arrested associates to be prisoners of conscience.
Vietnam currently holds several other individuals in detention that Amnesty International considers to be prisoners of conscience: Cù Huy Hà Vũ, convicted of "conducting propaganda against the state" for giving interviews to foreign press; Nguyen Dan Que, convicted of "red-handed keeping and distributing documents" calling for the overthrow of the government; and Roman Catholic priest Nguyen Van Ly (also known as Father Thaddeus) detained for "spreading propaganda against the state." Amnesty International has called for the immediate and unconditional release of all three men.
Ethnic Minorities
Various ethnic minorities organizations like the Montagnard Foundation, Inc., International Office of Champa, and Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation allege that the Vietnamese people and government perpetuate human rights abuses against the Degar (Montagnards), Cham, and Khmer Krom.
The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Both Hindu and Muslim Chams have experienced religious and ethnic persecution and restrictions on their faith under the current Vietnamese government, with the Vietnamese state confisticating Cham property and forbidding Cham from observing their religious beliefs. Hindu temples were turned into tourist sites against the wishes of the Cham Hindus. In 2010 and 2013 several incidents occurred in Thành Tín and Phươc Nhơn villages where Cham were murdered by Vietnamese. In 2012, Vietnamese police in Chau Giang village stormed into a Cham Mosque, stole the electric generator, and also raped Cham girls. Cham Muslims in the Mekong Delta have also been economically marginalized and pushed into poverty by Vietnamese policies, with ethnic Vietnamese Kinh settling on majority Cham land with state support, and religious practices of minorities have been targeted for elimination by the Vietnamese government.
The Vietnamese government fears that evidence of Champa's influence over the disputed area in the South China Sea would bring attention to human rights violations and killings of ethnic minorities in Vietnam such as in the 2001 and 2004 uprisings, and lead to the issue of Cham autonomy being brought into the dispute, since the Vietnamese conquered the Hindu and Muslim Cham people in a war in 1832, and the Vietnamese continue to destroy evidence of Cham culture and artifacts left behind, plundering or building on top of Cham temples, building farms over them, banning Cham religious practices, and omitting references to the destroyed Cham capital of Song Luy in the 1832 invasion in history books and tourist guides. The situation of Cham compared to ethnic Vietnamese is substandard, lacking water and electricity and living in houses made out of mud.
See also
References
- Pressure Mounting on Vietnam to Improve Human Rights, Epoch Times, May 20, 2013
- Report of Human Rights Watch
- "UPR: Vietnam's Human Rights Violations Exposed by". UNPO. 25 March 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session5/VN/A_HRC_WG6_5_VNM_3_E.pdf
- "Motion for a resolution on human rights in Vietnam and Laos - B7-0157/2009". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- "Reports - Christian Solidarity Worldwide". Dynamic.csw.org.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- http://www.hrdreport.fco.gov.uk/human-rights-in-countries-of-concern/vietnam/
- http://rushfordreport.com/?p=333
- Mydans, Seth (24 December 2009). "Vietnam Charges Lawyer With Capital Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ "Vietnam lawyer subversion charge". BBC News. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- "Prominent Vietnamese activist jailed over democracy calls". Amnesty International. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- "VIETNAMESE AUTHORITIES MUST RELEASE DR. NGUYEN DAN QUE". Amnesty International. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- "VIET NAM: FURTHER INFORMATION: CATHOLIC PRIEST RISKS BEING RETURNED TO PRISON: FATHER NGUYEN VAN LY". Amnesty International. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- "Mission to Vietnam Advocacy Day (Vietnamese-American Meet up 2013) in the U.S. Capitol. A UPR report By IOC-Campa". Chamtoday.com. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Taylor, Philip (December 2006). "Economy in Motion: Cham Muslim Traders in the Mekong Delta" (PDF). The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology. Vol. 7 (No. 3). The Australian National University: 238. doi:10.1080/14442210600965174. ISSN (print)/ 1740-9314 (online)/ 1444-2213 (print)/ 1740-9314 (online)/. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
{{cite journal}}:|issue=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help); Check|issn=value (help) - Bray, Adam (PUBLISHED JUNE 16, 2014). "The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines". National Geographic News. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=and|archivedate=(help)
- "Rafto Laureates". Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 9 December 2006.
- http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Vietnam.pdf Vietnam profile
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External links
- Vietnamese Human Rights Newspaper
- US Department of State Human Rights Report 2009 Vietnam
- Censorship in Vietnam - IFEX
- Human rights in Vietnam on websites of international NGOs: Human Rights Watch and FIDH
- Vietnam Human Rights Journal (blogspot)
- www.rafto.no
- Vietnam Human Rights Network
- >latest report
- Vietnam: from "Vision" to Facts. Human Rights in Vietnam under its Chairmanship in ASEAN FIDH, 2010
- UNPO - Vietnam Human Rights Report 2009
- National report of Vietnam under the universal periodic review of UN human rights council
- Indigenous People Face Deliberate Persecution in Vietnam
- Highlighting Vietnamese Government Human Rights Violations In Advance of the U.S.-Vietnam Dialogue: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 11, 2013
- Continuing Repression by the Vietnamese Government: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, June 4, 2013
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