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In the 1930s and 1940s, the Zionist underground committed multiple acts of political violence, during their campaign for a Jewish National Homeland in the British Mandate of Palestine. These include actions by the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi, also known as the Stern Gang, against the British, UN personnel, Arabs, and suspected Jewish collaborators. At the time, the British described such political violence as "Jewish" or "Zionist terrorism", although the latter is used as a political epithet in reference to present day events outside that historical context.
The Haganah and Irgun suspended their activity against the British after the beginning of World War II so as not to distract the British from the fight against Nazi Germany. The Irgun resumed attacks in 1944, after the defeat of the Nazis was assured. The smaller Lehi continued anti-British attacks and direct action throughout the war.
