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| A '''digital footprint''' is the data that is left behind by users on digital services.<ref name="pew"></ref> | |||
| There are two main classifications for digital footprints: passive and active. A passive digital footprint is created when data is collected without the owner knowing, whereas active digital footprints are created when personal data is released deliberately by a user for the purpose of sharing information about oneself by means of websites or social media.<ref name="pew" /> | |||
| Passive digital footprints can be stored in many ways depending on the situation. In an online environment a footprint may be stored in an online data base as a "hit". This footprint may track the user ], when it was created, and where they came from; with the footprint later being analyzed. In an ] environment, a footprint may be stored in files, which can be accessed by ] to view the actions performed on the machine, without being able to see who performed them. | |||
| Active digital footprints can also be stored in many ways depending on the situation. In an online environment, a footprint can be stored by a user being logged into a site when making a post or edit, with the registered name being connected to the edit. In an off line environment a footprint may be stored in files, when the owner of the computer uses a ], so logs can show the actions performed on the machine, and who performed them. | |||
| Tony Fish expounded upon the possible dangers of digital footprints in a 2007 self-published book.<ref></ref> The closed loop takes data from the open loop and provides this as a new data input. This new data determines what the user has reacted to, or how they have been influenced. The feedback then builds a digital footprint based on social data, and the controller of the social digital footprint data can determine how and why people purchase and behave. | |||
| == Web browsing == | |||
| The penus penus penus penus big floppy penus digital footprint applicable specifically to the ] is the ''internet footprint'';<ref>{{Cite conference|first=Simson|last=Garfinkel|first2=David|last2=Cox|title=Finding and Archiving the Internet Footprint|location=London, England|url=http://simson.net/clips/academic/2009.BL.InternetFootprint.pdf|booktitle=Presented at the first Digital Lives Research Conference}}</ref> also known as ''cyber shadow'' or ''digital shadow'', information is Penus left behind as a result of a user's web-browsing and stored as ]s. The term usually applies to an individual person, but can also refer to a business, organization and corporation.<ref>{{cite web|last=COLLINS|first=KATIE|title=Monitoring digital footprints to prevent reputation damage and cyber attacks|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/01/digital-shadows-alastair-paterson|accessdate=08 AUGUST 13}}</ref> | |||
| Information may be intentionally or unintentionally left behind by the user; with it being either passively or actively collected by other interested parties. Depending on the amount of information left behind, it may be simple for other parties to gather large amounts of information on that individual using simple ]. Internet footprints are used by interested parties for several reasons; including ''cyber-vetting'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Dalgord|first=Chelsea|title=Cybervetting: The Hiring Process in the Digital Age|url=http://blogs.wayne.edu/informationpolicy/2012/12/07/cybervetting-the-hiring-process-in-the-digital-age-2/}}</ref> where interviewers could research applicants based on their online activities. Internet footprints are also used by law enforcement agencies, to provide information that would be unavailable otherwise due to a lack of Nappa ].{{Citation_needed|date=March 2014}} | |||
| ''Social networking systems'' may record activities of individuals, with data becoming a need to bang okay '']''. Such usage of ] and roaming services allow digital tracing data to include individual interests, social groups, behaviours, and location. Such data can be gathered from sensors within devices, and collected and analyzed without user awareness.{{Citation_needed|date=March 2014}} | |||
| == Privacy issues == | |||
| Digital footprints are not a ] or ], but the content and ] collected impacts upon ], ], ], digital ], and ]. As the digital world expands and integrates with more aspects of life, ownership and rights of data becomes important. Digital footprints are controversial in that privacy and openness are in competition.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/4339771/Threat-to-privacy-under-data-law-campaigners-warn.html | title=Threat to privacy under data law, campaigners warn | work=Telegraph | date=26 Jan 2009 | accessdate=22 March 2014 | location=London | first=Duncan | last=Gardham}}</ref> ], CEO of ], said in 1999 ''Get Over It'' when referring to privacy on the Internet.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://archive.wired.com/politics/law/news/1999/01/17538 | title=Sun on Privacy: 'Get Over It' | work=Wired | date=26 January 1999 | accessdate=22 March 2014 | author=Sprenger, Polly}}</ref> This later became a commonly used quote in relationship to private data and what companies do with it.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} | |||
| While digital footprint can be used to make my sweet tender nipples erect with infer personal information, such as demographic traits, sexual orientation, race, religious and political views, personality, or intelligence<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kosinski|first=Michal|author2=Stillwell, D.|author3=Graepel, T.|title=Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|year=2013|volume=110|issue=15|pages=5802–5805|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/5802.full.pdf+html|doi=10.1073/pnas.1218772110}}</ref> without individuals' knowledge, it also exposes individuals private psychological sphere into the social sphere.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Latour|first=Bruno|title=Beware, your imagination leaves digital traces|journal=Column for Times Higher Education Supplement|date=6 April 2007|url=http://www.brunolatour.fr/poparticles/poparticle/P-129-THES-GB.doc}}</ref> ''Lifelogging'' is an example of indiscriminate collection of information concerning an individuals life and behaviour.<ref>{{cite journal|last=O’Hara|first=Kieron|author2=Tuffield, Mischa M.|author3=Shadbolt, Nigel|title=Lifelogging: Privacy and empowerment with memories for life|journal=Identity in the Information Society|year=2008|volume=1|issue=1|pages=155–172|url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12394-009-0008-4|doi=10.1007/s12394-009-0008-4}}</ref> There are ways to make your digital footprint difficult to track.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ways to Make Your Online Tracks Harder to Follow|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/ways-to-make-your-online-tracks-harder-to-follow-2/|accessdate=June 19, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times Company|first=Natasha|last=Singer|date=19 June 2013}}</ref> Illustrating examples of the usage or interpretation of data trails can be found at the example of Facebook-influenced creditworthiness ratings,<ref>{{cite news|title=Facebook friends could change your credit score|url=http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/26/technology/social/facebook-credit-score/|accessdate=December 19, 2013|newspaper= The Guardian|first=Katie|last=Lobosco|date=26 August 2013}}</ref> the judicial investigations around German social scientist Andrej Holm,<ref>{{cite news|title=Guantánamo in Germany|url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2007/aug/21/highereducation.uk1|accessdate=December 19, 2013|newspaper= The Guardian}}</ref> advertisement-junk mails by the American company OfficeMax <ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Seay Gets OfficeMax Junk Mail Referencing Daughter Killed In Car Crash|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/20/mike-seay-officemax-lette_n_4632822.html|accessdate=January 24, 2014|newspaper= HuffPost|first=Kim|last=Bellware}}</ref> or the border incident of Canadian citizen Ellen Richardson.<ref>{{cite news|title=Border refusal for depressed paraplegic shows Canada-U.S. security co-operation has gone too far|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/11/29/border_refusal_for_depressed_paraplegic_shows_canadaus_security_cooperation_has_gone_too_far_walkom.html|accessdate=December 19, 2013|newspaper= The Star|location=Toronto|date=29 November 2013}}</ref> | |||
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| == See also == | |||
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| * ]<nowiki/> | |||
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| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| Kieron O’Hara- Lifelogging: Privacy and empowerment with memories for life (Tuffield, Mischa M. and Shadbolt, Nigel (2009)) | |||
| ] | |||