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| This list contains noteworthy and commonly understood diminutives from Australian English. | This list contains noteworthy and commonly understood diminutives from Australian English. | ||
| * '''Abo''', |
* '''Abo''', an indigenous Australian. From Aboriginal. Considered highly offensive. | ||
| * '''Agro''', aggressive or angry. | * '''Agro''', to be aggressive or angry. | ||
| * '''Ambo''', an ambulance paramedic. | * '''Ambo''', an ambulance paramedic. | ||
| * '''Arvo''', afternoon. | * '''Arvo''', afternoon. | ||
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| * '''Bikie''', a member of a motorcycle club, sometimes involved in criminal activity. This is equivalent to ''biker'' in American English. A motorcycle club is called a ''bikie club''. ]s are called ''bikie gangs''. | * '''Bikie''', a member of a motorcycle club, sometimes involved in criminal activity. This is equivalent to ''biker'' in American English. A motorcycle club is called a ''bikie club''. ]s are called ''bikie gangs''. | ||
| * '''Blowie''', a ]. A large buzzing fly common in Australia.. | * '''Blowie''', a ]. A large buzzing fly common in Australia.. | ||
| * '''Bookie''', a |
* '''Bookie''', a bookkeeper. | ||
| * '''Bottlo''', a bottle shop/alcohol store. | * '''Bottlo''', a bottle shop/alcohol store. | ||
| * '''Breckie''', breakfast. | * '''Breckie''', a breakfast. | ||
| * '''Brisie''', ], the capital city of ]. | * '''Brisie''', ], the capital city of ]. | ||
| * '''Brickie''', a bricklayer. | * '''Brickie''', a bricklayer. | ||
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| * '''Chalkie''', a teacher. From ] used on ]s. | * '''Chalkie''', a teacher. From ] used on ]s. | ||
| * '''Chippie''', a carpenter. From wood chips. | * '''Chippie''', a carpenter. From wood chips. | ||
| * '''Chockie''', chocolate. | * '''Chockie''', a chocolate. | ||
| * '''Chrissie''' or '''Chrissy''', ]. | * '''Chrissie''' or '''Chrissy''', ]. | ||
| * '''Cockie''', a ]. Commonly a ]. | * '''Cockie''', a ]. Commonly a ]. | ||
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| * '''Deli''', a delicatessen. | * '''Deli''', a delicatessen. | ||
| * '''Dero''', a poor person, from derelict. | * '''Dero''', a poor person, from derelict. | ||
| * '''Devoed''', devastated. | * '''Devoed''', to be devastated. | ||
| * '''Doco''', a documentary. | * '''Doco''', a documentary. | ||
| * '''Firie''', a fireman. | * '''Firie''', a fireman. | ||
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| * '''Kero''', ]. | * '''Kero''', ]. | ||
| * '''Kindy''', kindergarten. | * '''Kindy''', kindergarten. | ||
| * '''Lippy''', lipstick. | * '''Lippy''', a lipstick. | ||
| * '''Maccas''', ] fast food restaurants. | * '''Maccas''', ] fast food restaurants. | ||
| * '''Metho''', |
* '''Metho''', ]. | ||
| * '''Mo''', a ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Garone|first1=Adam|title=Healthier men, one moustache at a time|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/adam_garone_healthier_men_one_moustache_at_a_time/transcript?language=en#t-117452|website=TED.com|publisher=TED Conferences, LLC|accessdate=2 November 2014|language=English, subtitles available|format=Video with transcript|date=November 2011|quote=So in Australia, 'mo' is slang for mustache, so we renamed the month of November 'Movember'.}}</ref> Contributed to the ] "]". | |||
| * '''Pav''', ] | * '''Pav''', ]. | ||
| * '''Pokie''', a poker machine. | * '''Pokie''', a poker machine. | ||
| * '''Pollie''', a politician. | * '''Pollie''', a politician. | ||
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| * '''Preggo''' or '''preggers''', pregnant. | * '''Preggo''' or '''preggers''', pregnant. | ||
| * '''Reffo''', a refugee. | * '''Reffo''', a refugee. | ||
| * '''Rego''', vehicle registration. | * '''Rego''', a vehicle registration. | ||
| * '''Rellie''', a relative. | * '''Rellie''', a relative. | ||
| * '''Roo''', a kangaroo. | * '''Roo''', a kangaroo. | ||
| * ''']''', a self |
* ''']''', a self-shot photograph. This term originated in Australia and has been adopted world wide via the internet. It became The ]'s 2013 ].<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm</ref><ref>http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/19/selfie-australian-slang-term-named-international-word-of-the-year</ref> | ||
| * '''Semi''', a semi trailer truck. | * '''Semi''', a semi trailer truck. | ||
| * '''Seppo''', a derogatory term for an American. Seppo is a diminutive of septic tank which is in turn ] for yank, which is |
* '''Seppo''', a derogatory term for an American. Seppo is a diminutive of septic tank which is in turn ] for yank, which is a diminutive of ]. | ||
| * '''Servo''', a petrol station, service station. | * '''Servo''', a petrol station, service station. | ||
| * '''Sickie''', a sick day. | * '''Sickie''', a sick day. | ||
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| * '''Suzie''', a ] car. | * '''Suzie''', a ] car. | ||
| * '''Tassie''', ]. | * '''Tassie''', ]. | ||
| * '''Tellie'' or '''Telly''', television. | * '''Tellie'' or '''Telly''', a television. | ||
| * '''Tradie''', a tradesman. | * '''Tradie''', a tradesman. | ||
| * '''Trackies''', track pants or a track suit. Track pants are also know as trackie dacks, dacks being a colloquial word for trousers. | * '''Trackies''', track pants or a track suit. Track pants are also know as trackie dacks, dacks being a colloquial word for trousers. | ||
| * '''Truckie''', a truck driver. | * '''Truckie''', a truck driver. | ||
| * '''Undies''', underwear. | * '''Undies''', underwear. | ||
| * '''Uni''', university. | * '''Uni''', a university. | ||
| * ''']''', a passenger vehicle with a cargo tray in the rear. Festivals that involve gatherings of utes are popular in rural areas and are called '']s''. | * ''']''', a passenger vehicle with a cargo tray in the rear. Festivals that involve gatherings of utes are popular in rural areas and are called '']s''. | ||
| * '''Vegie''', vegetables, generally not a vegetarian. | * '''Vegie''', vegetables, generally not a vegetarian. | ||
Revision as of 08:35, 2 November 2014
Diminutive forms of words are used extensively in every day Australian English. While diminutives are generally seen as slang, many forms are used widely across the whole of society in most circumstances. There are over 5,000 identified diminutives.
Usage
In Australian English, diminutives are usually formed be taking the first part of a word, and adding an a, o, ie, or y. Alternatively in some cases no ending may be used. While the form of a diminutive is arbitrary, their use follows strict rules. Diminutives are not used creatively. For example, an ambulance paramedic is called an ambo, and is never pronounced ambie or amba. The use of the 'ie' ending, for example in bikie, (a motorcycle club member), does not carry a connotation of smallness or cuteness as it does in other English dialects.
Some diminutives are used almost exclusively except in the most formal of circumstances, while some are rarely used. Others might be restricted to certain demographic groups or locations. The use of diminutives also evolves over time with new words coming into use, and with words coming into and out of favour. Some diminutives have become so common that the original form has fallen out of common usage. For example, Salvos has begun to replace the name Salvation Army to such an extent that some Australians do not recognise the Salvation Army name. Deli has become so universal that delicatessen is rarely used. Some words, such as ute, from utility vehicle, a car with a tray back, has become universal.
Some diminutives are rarely used, but widely recognised. For example, chalkie means teacher, however most Australians simply call a teacher a teacher.
Diminutives are often used for place names, and are only recognised by people in the local area. Pub and hotel names in particular are often shortened, e.g. an establishment called the Esplinade Hotel, might be called the Espie.
List of Diminutives
This list contains noteworthy and commonly understood diminutives from Australian English.
- Abo, an indigenous Australian. From Aboriginal. Considered highly offensive.
- Agro, to be aggressive or angry.
- Ambo, an ambulance paramedic.
- Arvo, afternoon.
- Barbie, a barbecue, which may refer to either the cooking apparatus itself or the event of cooking food on a barbecue.
- Beautie, beautiful. Used in a much wider sense than the beauty, e.g. fantastic or excellent.
- Bikie, a member of a motorcycle club, sometimes involved in criminal activity. This is equivalent to biker in American English. A motorcycle club is called a bikie club. Outlaw motorcycle clubs are called bikie gangs.
- Blowie, a blowfly. A large buzzing fly common in Australia..
- Bookie, a bookkeeper.
- Bottlo, a bottle shop/alcohol store.
- Breckie, a breakfast.
- Brisie, Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland.
- Brickie, a bricklayer.
- Budgie, a budgerigar. Called a parakeet in the US. Male swimming costumes are called budgie smugglers.
- Bundy, Bundaberg, Queensland, also slang for Bundaberg Rum.
- Cab Sav, Cabernet Sauvignon wine.
- Chalkie, a teacher. From chalk used on blackboards.
- Chippie, a carpenter. From wood chips.
- Chockie, a chocolate.
- Chrissie or Chrissy, Christmas.
- Cockie, a cockatoo. Commonly a Sulphur Crested Cockatoo.
- Compo, compensation for being injured at work. Generally not used for other forms of compensation.
- Cuppa, a cup of tea or coffee.
- Deli, a delicatessen.
- Dero, a poor person, from derelict.
- Devoed, to be devastated.
- Doco, a documentary.
- Firie, a fireman.
- Footy, football, which may refer to the sport of football, the ball itself, or a specific game. Generally, footy refers to Rugby League in Queensland and New South Wales, and to Australian Rules Football in the other states. Association football is either called football or soccer, but never footy.
- Garbo, a garbage collector.
- Greenie, an environmentalist. From the green movement.
- Journo, a journalist.
- Kero, kerosene.
- Kindy, kindergarten.
- Lippy, a lipstick.
- Maccas, McDonalds fast food restaurants.
- Metho, methylated spirits.
- Mo, a moustache. Contributed to the portmanteau "Movember".
- Pav, pavolova.
- Pokie, a poker machine.
- Pollie, a politician.
- Povo, a poor or cheap person. From poverty.
- Postie, a postman or postwoman.
- Preggo or preggers, pregnant.
- Reffo, a refugee.
- Rego, a vehicle registration.
- Rellie, a relative.
- Roo, a kangaroo.
- Selfie, a self-shot photograph. This term originated in Australia and has been adopted world wide via the internet. It became The Oxford Dictionary's 2013 word of the year.
- Semi, a semi trailer truck.
- Seppo, a derogatory term for an American. Seppo is a diminutive of septic tank which is in turn rhyming slang for yank, which is a diminutive of yankee.
- Servo, a petrol station, service station.
- Sickie, a sick day.
- Smoko, a smoking break while at work. Since smoking has been banned in many workplaces, a smoko has come to mean any rest break at work.
- Spag bol, Spaghetti Bolognese.
- Sparkie, an electrician. From sparking, electric arcing.
- Subie, a Subaru car.
- Sunnies, sunglasses.
- Super, superannuation. In Australia, all employers are obliged to set aside a percentage of a workers wages in a superannuation fund.
- Surfie, a sufer.
- Suzie, a Suzuki car.
- Tassie, Tasmania.
- Tellie or Telly', a television.
- Tradie, a tradesman.
- Trackies, track pants or a track suit. Track pants are also know as trackie dacks, dacks being a colloquial word for trousers.
- Truckie, a truck driver.
- Undies, underwear.
- Uni, a university.
- Ute, a passenger vehicle with a cargo tray in the rear. Festivals that involve gatherings of utes are popular in rural areas and are called ute musters.
- Vegie, vegetables, generally not a vegetarian.
- Veggo, a vegetarian. Never a vegetable.
- Wheelie bin, a household waste bin on wheels.
- Wino, an alcoholic, from wine.
- Wollies, Woolworths supermarkets.
References
- http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2010/08/why-we-shorten-barbie,-footy-and-arvo
- http://alldownunder.com/australian-slang/dictionary-diminutives.htm
- http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2012/09/06/3584725.htm
- http://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/articles/2011/podcasts/how-australians-use-hypocoristics/transcript
- http://blogs.abc.net.au/nsw/2010/07/aussies-diminutives.html
- Garone, Adam (November 2011). "Healthier men, one moustache at a time" (Video with transcript). TED.com (in English and subtitles available). TED Conferences, LLC. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
So in Australia, 'mo' is slang for mustache, so we renamed the month of November 'Movember'.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm
- http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/19/selfie-australian-slang-term-named-international-word-of-the-year