Misplaced Pages

American Sniper: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 07:53, 26 January 2015 editDavid A (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users18,365 edits You cannot remove sourced valid criticism, simply because you don't like it. Compressing it is another matter entirely← Previous edit Revision as of 08:39, 26 January 2015 edit undoArjayay (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers625,294 editsm Sp - Refered > ReferredNext edit →
Line 139: Line 139:
] wrote that "''Sniper'' is a movie whose politics are so ludicrous and idiotic that under normal circumstances it would be beneath criticism" and that "Eastwood plays for cheap applause and goes super-dumb even by Hollywood standards."<ref> (2015-01-23), '']''</ref> ] wrote that "''Sniper'' is a movie whose politics are so ludicrous and idiotic that under normal circumstances it would be beneath criticism" and that "Eastwood plays for cheap applause and goes super-dumb even by Hollywood standards."<ref> (2015-01-23), '']''</ref>


], writing for ], among other issues, criticises that the film attempts to glorify a man who refered to everyone he fought as “savage, despicable” evil, combined with statements such as: “I only wish I had killed more.” As well as: “I loved what I did. I still do. If circumstances were different – if my family didn’t need me – I’d be back in a heartbeat. I’m not lying or exaggerating to say it was fun. I had the time of my life being a SEAL."<ref></ref> He also writes that the film has incited a massive outpouring of hatred towards Muslims in social media, and frequent death threats towards critics of the film.<ref></ref> ], writing for ], among other issues, criticises that the film attempts to glorify a man who referred to everyone he fought as “savage, despicable” evil, combined with statements such as: “I only wish I had killed more.” As well as: “I loved what I did. I still do. If circumstances were different – if my family didn’t need me – I’d be back in a heartbeat. I’m not lying or exaggerating to say it was fun. I had the time of my life being a SEAL."<ref></ref> He also writes that the film has incited a massive outpouring of hatred towards Muslims in social media, and frequent death threats towards critics of the film.<ref></ref>


==Accolades== ==Accolades==

Revision as of 08:39, 26 January 2015

2014 American film
American Sniper
Chris Kyle is wearing desert fatigues army outfit, his wife Taya embraces him. They are standing in front of a tattered US flag.Theatrical release poster
Directed byClint Eastwood
Written byJason Hall
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyTom Stern
Edited by
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release dates
  • November 11, 2014 (2014-11-11) (AFI Fest)
  • December 25, 2014 (2014-12-25) (United States)
Running time133 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$58.8 million
Box office$247.6 million

American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall. It is based on Chris Kyle's autobiography American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History. With 255 kills, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense, Kyle is the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history. The film stars Bradley Cooper and Sienna Miller with Luke Grimes, Kyle Gallner, Sam Jaeger, Jake McDorman, and Cory Hardrict in supporting roles.

The world premiere was on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014. It received a wide release on January 16, 2015 and set numerous box office opening records including the records for highest opening for a film released in January and giving Eastwood the biggest opening of his career.

At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor for Cooper.

Plot

Growing up in Texas, Chris Kyle's father teaches him how to hunt deer and shoot a rifle. Years later, Kyle is a rodeo cowboy when he sees news coverage of the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings and enlists in the U.S. Navy, where he is eventually accepted for SEAL training, becoming a U.S. Navy SEAL sniper.

Kyle meets Taya Renae at a bar, they marry, and he is sent to Iraq after the September 11 attacks of 2001. His first kills are of a woman and boy who attack U.S. Marines with a grenade. Kyle is visibly upset by the experience, but earns the nickname "Legend" for his many kills. Kyle is assigned to hunt for Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. During house-to-house searches in evacuated areas, Kyle interrogates a family and for $100,000 the father offers to lead the SEALs to "The Butcher", second-in-command to al-Zarqawi, and who's favorite torture device is a drill. The plan goes awry when The Butcher captures the father and son and they are both killed while Kyle is pinned down by a sniper using an SVD Dragunov sniper rifle. Meanwhile, the insurgents issue a bounty on Kyle.

Kyle returns home to his wife and the birth of his son. He is distracted by memories of his war experiences, and argues with Taya over bootleg footage of U.S. Marines shot dead by enemy sniper "savages". Taya expresses her concern for them as a couple and wishes Kyle would focus on his home and family.

Kyle leaves for a second tour, promoted to chief petty officer. Kyle is involved in a a shoot out with The Butcher who is located operating out of a ground floor restarurant.

Kyle returns home from his second tour to a newborn daughter and he is increasingly distant from his family. On his third tour, a unit member is seriously injured by the Dragunov sniper and the unit is evacuated back to base. The unit decides to return to the field and continue the mission. Another SEAL is killed by gunfire, compelling Kyle with guilt and duty to undertake a fourth tour. Taya doesn't understand his decision, tells him she needs him, and for a moment, implies that they should stay apart.

On tour four the expert insurgent sniper who uses the SVD Dragunov sniper rifle is identified as "Mustafa", and Kyle is assigned to take him out. Mustafa has been sniping U.S. Army combat engineers building a barricade. Kyle's sniper team is placed on a rooftop inside enemy territory. Kyle spots Mustafa, takes him out with a risky long distance shot at 2100 yards (adding his name to the Longest recorded sniper kills list), and exposes his team position to a large number of armed insurgents. In the midst of the firefight and low on ammunition, Kyle calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home. A sandstorm provides cover for their chaotic escape in which Kyle is injured and almost left behind.

Kyle returns home, on edge and unable to adjust fully to civilian life. He tells a Veterans Affairs psychiatrist he is "haunted by all the guys he couldn't save". The psychiatrist encourages him to help wounded veterans in the VA hospital. Kyle meets veterans who suffered severe injuries, coaches them at a shooting range in the woods, and gradually begins to adjust to home life.

Years later, on February 2, 2013, Kyle, playful and happy, says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves to spend time with a veteran at a shooting range. On-screen subtitles reveal: "Kyle was killed that day by a veteran he was trying to help," followed by stock footage of thousands of people standing in line along the highway for his funeral procession. Thousands more are shown attending Cowboys Stadium for his memorial service.

Cast

Production

On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation. Cooper had thought of Chris Pratt to play Kyle but WB agreed to buy it only if Cooper would star. September 2012, David O. Russell stated that he was interested in directing the film. On May 2, 2013, it was announced that Steven Spielberg would direct. Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an "enemy sniper" character can serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle. Spielberg's ideas contributed to the development of a lengthy screenplay approaching 160 pages. Due to Warner Bros.' budget constraints, Spielberg felt he could not bring his vision of the story to the screen. On August 5, 2013, Spielberg dropped out of directing. On August 21, 2013, it was reported that Clint Eastwood would instead direct the film.

Casting

On March 14, 2014, Sienna Miller joined the cast. On March 16, 2014, Kyle Gallner was cast and March 18, 2014, Cory Hardrict was cast in the film. On March 20, 2014, Navid Negahban, Eric Close, Eric Ladin, Rey Gallegos, and Jake McDorman also joined the cast, as did Luke Grimes and Sam Jaeger on March 25, 2014. Kevin Lacz, a former Navy SEAL, was also cast and served as a technical advisor. Another former Navy SEAL, Joel Lambert, also joined the film, portraying a Delta sniper. On June 3, Max Charles was added to the cast to portray Kyle's son, Colton Kyle.

Filming

Principal photography began on March 31, 2014 in Los Angeles; it was also partly shot in Morocco. On April 23, the Los Angeles Times reported that ten days of filming set in an Afghan village was set to begin at the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in the Santa Clarita area. On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted around El Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoned date factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film. Later on May 14, Cooper was spotted filming some scenes in Culver City, California, and then he followed by shooting scenes again in Los Angeles on May 16. On May 30, Cooper and Miller were spotted during the filming of their characters' wedding scenes; they were filming aboard a yacht in Marina del Rey. On June 3, Cooper was spotted in the uniform of a Navy SEAL marksman aiming during the filming of some scenes at a Los Angeles shooting range.

Cinematographer Tom Stern shot the film with Arri Alexa XT digital cameras and Panavision C-, E- and G-Series anamorphic lenses. The film is Eastwood's second to be shot digitally, after Jersey Boys.

Reception

Box office

"The movie has become a cultural phenomenon...It tore apart the record book and not by a little. By an enormous amount."

Dan Fellman, head of domestic distribution at Warner Bros., commenting on the film's massive box office success.

As of January 25, 2015, American Sniper had grossed $200,137,000 in North America the first weekend and $47,500,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $247,637,000, against a budget of $60 million.

North America

In North America, the film is set to have resonated with audiences in almost every demographic.

Premiere and limited release

American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles. In North America, the film opened to a limited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters — two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas — and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22. The following week the film earned $676,909 playing at the same number of locations at an average of $169,277 per theater, which is the second-biggest weekend average ever for a live-action movie (previously held by 2001's Moulin Rouge!). American Sniper holds the record for the most entries in the top 20 Top Weekend Theater Averages with 3 entries. It earned a total of $3.4 million from limited release in three weekends.

Wide release

Prior to its North American wide debut, various critics and box office insiders predicted that the film would be a significant hit at the box office in its opening weekend, earning a solid score of A+ in CinemaScore, The New York Times Best Seller list status of the memoir, acclaimed leading star Bradley Cooper, and the prominence of Middle Eastern wartime topics in the headlines at that time, such as the numerous ISIS threats and the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attacks. Fandango reported that the film accounted for more than 70% of their pre-ticket sales. The film was also outselling 2013's Lone Survivor, a similar war drama based film. Preliminary reports indicated that the film could open to $45 million to $50 million over the four-day Martin Luther King weekend. Following the announcement that the film was nominated for six Oscars at the 87th Academy Awards (including Best Picture and Best actor for Cooper), critics raised their projection to a $55—$61 million three day opening and a $70+ million four day opening.

The film began its wide debut across North American theaters on January 16, 2015 (Thursday night showings began at 7:00 pm). It set an all-time highest Thursday night opening record for a R-rated drama with $5.3 million (previously held by Lone Survivor with $1.9 million). The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.5 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,555 theaters setting January records for both biggest debut opening (previously held by Cloverfield) and single-day gross (previously held by Avatar). In its traditional three-day opening the film earned $89.2 million which was double than expected and broke the record for the largest January opening (previously held by Ride Along with $41.5 million) and the largest winter opening, which is also Eastwood's top opening as a director surpassing Gran Torino's $29.5 million opening. The three-day opening is also the biggest opening weekend for a drama film (previously held by The Passion of the Christ with $83 million), the second biggest debut for a Best Picture Oscar nominee (behind Toy Story 3 with $109 million), the second biggest debut for an R-rated film (behind The Matrix: Reloaded with $91.8 million), and the second biggest for a non-comic book, non-fantasy/sci-fi film (behind Fast and Furious 6 with $97.3 million). It also set an IMAX opening record with $9.5 million ($11.5 million from Friday to Monday) beating Fox's Prometheus, which made $9 million in 2012. It earned $107.2 million during its four-day Martin Luther King weekend setting a record for the biggest R-rated four day gross.

In its second weekend, the film expanded to 3,705 theaters making it the widest launch for an R-rated movie. It grossed an estimated $64.4 million in its second weekend, declining only by 28%—the best hold ever for a movie opening to more than $85 million. In just 10 days of release, the film surpassed Pearl Harbor ($198.5 million) to became the second highest-grossing war film in North America and is only behind Saving Private Ryan ($216.5 million).

Other territories

In Italy, the film was released on December 31, 2014 and earned $6.72 million (Dealine reported $7.1 million) in its opening weekend.

For the weekend of January 16, 2015, the film expanded in to seven new markets and earned an estimated $9.3 million. This includes $3.8 million in United Kingdom, which is Clint Eastwood's biggest debut ever in that region, $1.2 million in South Korea and $291,149 in New Zealand.

Critical response

American Sniper received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a "Certified Fresh" rating of 73%, based on 203 reviews from critics, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus states, "Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper, American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 72 out of 100, based on reviews from 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave American Sniper an average grade of A+ on an A+ to F scale.

Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "A taut, vivid and sad account of the brief life of the most accomplished marksman in American military annals, American Sniper feels very much like a companion piece—in subject, theme and quality—to The Hurt Locker." Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "Hard-wiring the viewer into Kyle’s battle-scarred psyche thanks to an excellent performance from a bulked-up Bradley Cooper, this harrowing and intimate character study offers fairly blunt insights into the physical and psychological toll exacted on the front lines, yet strikes even its familiar notes with a sobering clarity that finds the 84-year-old filmmaker in very fine form." David Denby of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "Both a devastating war movie and a devastating antiwar movie, a subdued celebration of a warrior's skill and a sorrowful lament over his alienation and misery." Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "The film's just a repetition of context-free combat missions and one-dimensional targets." Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience. American Sniper, Clint Eastwood's harrowing meditation on war, is built on this foundation of uncommon compassion." Amy Nicholson of LA Weekly gave the film a C-, saying "Cautiously, Eastwood has chosen to omit Kyle's self-mythologizing altogether, which is itself a distortion of his character. We're not watching a biopic." Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film four out of five stars, saying "After 40 years of Hollywood counterpropaganda telling us war is necessarily corrupting and malign, its ablest practitioners thugs, loons or victims, American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side."

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll. Their targets are clearly in sight, and their aim is true." Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "American Sniper is imperfect and at times a little corny, but also ambivalent and complicated in ways that are uniquely Eastwoodian." James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "American Sniper lifts director Clint Eastwood out of the doldrums that have plagued his last few films." Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Cooper nails the role of an American killing machine in Clint Eastwood's clear-eyed look at the Iraq War." Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Eastwood's impeccably crafted action sequences so catch us up in the chaos of combat we are almost not aware that we're watching a film at all." Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It's clearly Cooper's show. Substantially bulked up and affecting a believable Texas drawl, Cooper embodies Kyle's confidence, intensity and vulnerability." Joshua Rothkopf of Time Out New York gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Just as only Nixon could go to China, only Clint Eastwood could make a movie about an Iraq War veteran and infuse it with doubts, mission anxiety and ruination." Inkoo Kang of The Wrap gave the film a negative review, saying "Director Clint Eastwood‘s focus on Kyle is so tight that no other character, including wife Taya (Sienna Miller), comes through as a person, and the scope so narrow that the film engages only superficially with the many moral issues surrounding the Iraq War."

Criticism

The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination committee said that the release of the movie coincided with increased threats against Arabs and Muslims. It has also accused Eastwood of dishonestly linking the September 11 attacks with Iraq.

John Wight, writing for Russia Today, strongly criticized the film and its reception to date. He said, "The moral depravity into which the US is sinking is shown by American Sniper glorifying the exploits of a racist killer receiving six Oscar nominations, whereas 'Selma' depicting Martin Luther King's struggle against racism has been largely ignored."

Matt Taibbi wrote that "Sniper is a movie whose politics are so ludicrous and idiotic that under normal circumstances it would be beneath criticism" and that "Eastwood plays for cheap applause and goes super-dumb even by Hollywood standards."

Zaid Jilani, writing for Salon.com, among other issues, criticises that the film attempts to glorify a man who referred to everyone he fought as “savage, despicable” evil, combined with statements such as: “I only wish I had killed more.” As well as: “I loved what I did. I still do. If circumstances were different – if my family didn’t need me – I’d be back in a heartbeat. I’m not lying or exaggerating to say it was fun. I had the time of my life being a SEAL." He also writes that the film has incited a massive outpouring of hatred towards Muslims in social media, and frequent death threats towards critics of the film.

Accolades

List of Accolades
Award / Film Festival Category Recipients Result
Academy Awards Best Picture Clint Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, Peter Morgan Pending
Best Actor Bradley Cooper Pending
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Pending
Best Film Editing Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Pending
Best Sound Editing Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman Pending
Best Sound Mixing John T. Reitz, Gregg Rudloff and Walt Martin Pending
Art Directors Guild Awards Excellence in Production Design for a Contemporary Film James J. Murakami, Charisse Cardenas Pending
ACE Eddie Awards Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach Pending
American Film Institute Awards 2014 Top Ten Films of the Year Won
British Academy Film Awards Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Pending
Best Sound Walt Martin, John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff, Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman Pending
Cinema Audio Society Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action Walt Martin, Gregg Rudloff, John Reitz, Robert Fernandez, Thomas J. O’Connell, James Ashwell Pending
Critics' Choice Award Best Action Movie American Sniper Nominated
Best Actor in an Action Movie Bradley Cooper Won
Denver Film Critics Society Best Picture American Sniper Won
Best Director Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Actor Bradley Cooper (tied with Ralph Fiennes in The Grand Budapest Hotel) Won
Best Supporting Actress Sienna Miller Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Nominated
Best Cinematography Tom Stern Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award Outstanding Directing – Feature Film Clint Eastwood Pending
Iowa Film Critics Best Movie Yet to Open in Iowa American Sniper (tied with A Most Violent Year) Won
MPSE Golden Reel Awards Feature English Language - Effects/Foley Bub Asman, Alan Robert Murray Pending
National Board of Review Top Ten Film Won
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Producers Guild of America Awards Best Theatrical Motion Picture Bradley Cooper, Clint Eastwood, Andrew Lazar, Robert Lorenz, Peter Morgan Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards Best Adapted Screenplay Jason Hall Pending

See also

References

  1. "AMERICAN SNIPER (15)". British Board of Film Classification. December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  2. ^ "American Sniper (2014)". Box Office Mojo. IMDB. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  3. ^ Ben Block, Alex (January 2, 2015). "The Making of 'American Sniper': How an Unlikely Friendship Kickstarted the Clint Eastwood Film". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 5, 2015. a slender $60 million {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Brent Lang (January 14, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Aims for Biggest Weekend of Clint Eastwood's Career". Variety. Retrieved January 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Bradley Cooper Sets Up Navy SEAL Pic 'American Sniper' at Warner Bros. (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. May 24, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  6. ^ "Sienna Miller Joins 'American Sniper' With Bradley Cooper - /Film". Slashfilm.com. March 14, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  7. ^ Sneider, Jeff (June 3, 2014). "'Amazing Spider-Man' Actor to Play Bradley Cooper's Son in 'American Sniper'". thewrap.com. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  8. ^ "'Fifty Shades of Grey' Actor to Co-star With Bradley Cooper in 'American Sniper' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. March 25, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  9. ^ "'Dear White People' Star Kyle Gallner Joins Bradley Cooper in 'American Sniper' (Exclusive)". TheWrap. March 26, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  10. ^ Deadline, The. "Sam Jaeger Enlists For 'American Sniper'; Jon Tenney Joins 'The Best Of Me'". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  11. ^ "'Greek' Star Jake McDorman, Real Navy SEALs Join Bradley Cooper's 'American Sniper' (Exclusive)". TheWrap. March 20, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  12. ^ Deadline, The. "Daniel Bernhardt Joins 'Term Life'; 'American Sniper' Adds Cory Hardrict". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  13. ^ Deadline, The. "4 Join Clint Eastwood's 'American Sniper'". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  14. ^ Hedelt, Rob (April 23, 2014). "King George: Ex-SEAL helping keep film on target; The News Desk". News.fredericksburg.com. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  15. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-american-sniper-cooper-hall-20141226-story.html#page=2
  16. "Bradley Cooper and David O. Russell May Re-team for AMERICAN SNIPER". Collider.com. November 20, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  17. "Steven Spielberg's Next Movie: 'American Sniper'". Hollywood Reporter. February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  18. Fleming, Mike. "Steven Spielberg Drops Out of Directing 'American Sniper'". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  19. "Clint Eastwood in Talks to Direct 'American Sniper'". The Hollywood Reporter. August 21, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  20. "Joel Lambert Books 'American Sniper'". deadline.com. May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  21. "On The Set For 3/31/14: Paul Feig and Melissa McCarthy Start 'Spy' and Michael Fassbender Wraps 'Macbeth'". Studiosystemnews.com. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  22. "'American Sniper', starring Bradley Cooper, filming in Los Angeles this week". onlocationvacations.com. April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  23. Verrier, Richard (April 23, 2014). "Eastwood starts shooting 'American Sniper' at Santa Clarita ranch". latimes.com. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  24. Rubio, Heric (May 9, 2014). "Bradley Cooper and Clint Eastwood set their sights on El Centro for "American Sniper"". Imperial Valley Press. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  25. Christine (May 8, 2014). "Bradley Cooper filming 'American Sniper' in El Centro, CA this week". onlocationvacations.com. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  26. GUSMAROLI, DANIELLE (May 15, 2014). "Bradley Cooper shows off his bulkier frame on the set of American Sniper with co-star Sienna Miller after gaining a dramatic 40lbs for the role". dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  27. "Bradley Cooper Shoots Scenes for "American Sniper" in LA". gossipcenter.com. May 17, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  28. KIRBY, IONA (May 31, 2014). "You may now kiss the bride! Sienna Miller looks stunning in a wedding dress while smooching Bradley Cooper for American Sniper scene". dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  29. CARPENTER, CASSIE (June 4, 2014). "Camouflage-clad Bradley Cooper takes aim as a Navy SEAL marksman on the LA set of American Sniper". dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  30. "Academy Award Nominee American Sniper Hits Theaters". Panavision. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  31. Goldman, Michael (August 1, 2014). "Capturing All 4 Seasons". American Cinematographer. 95 (8). Los Angeles, California, United States: American Society of Cinematographers: 43. ISSN 0002-7928.
  32. Brent Lang (January 18, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Shatters Records With $90.2 Million Weekend". Variety. Retrieved January 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. Pamela McClintock, Ryan Gajewski (January 25, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Quickly Becoming No. 1 War Film of All Time". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  34. "'American Sniper' Is AFI Fest's Secret Screening". deadline.com. November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  35. Ray Subers (December 28, 2014). "Weekend Report (cont.): Huge Limited Debuts for 'American Sniper,' 'Selma'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  36. Ray Subers (January 15, 2015). "Lowest-Grossing Best Picture Nominees Since Category Expansion". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  37. Ray Subers (January 4, 2015). "Weekend Report: 'Hobbit' Finale Three-Peats on First Weekend of 2015". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  38. "TOP WEEKEND THEATER AVERAGES". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  39. Anthony D'Alessandro (January 14, 2015). "'American Sniper' Targeting $50M+ Record Bow For Clint Eastwood: Box Office Preview". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  40. Pamela McClintock (January 14, 2015). "Box-Office Preview: 'American Sniper' Set to Beat 'Wedding Ringer,' 'Blackhat'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. Anthony D'Alessandro (January 16, 2015). "'American Sniper' Eyeing $55M Weekend – Friday Afternoon Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  42. Pamela McClintock (January 16, 2015). "Box-Office Shocker: 'American Sniper' Targeting Massive $75M-Plus Debut". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 17, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. Dave McNary (January 16, 2015). "'American Sniper' Shooting for Record $60 Million-Plus Weekend". Variety. Retrieved January 17, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. Ray Subers (January 15, 2015). "Forecast: 'Sniper' Sets Sights on January Record". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  45. Anthony D'Alessandro (January 16, 2015). "'American Sniper' Hits A Mighty $5.3M, Biggest R-Rated Drama Preview Ever – Thursday B.O." Deadline.com. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  46. Dave McNary (January 16, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Scores Hit with $5.3 Million on Thursday Night". Variety. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. Pamela McClintock (January 16, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Scores Record $5.3M Thursday Night". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  48. Anthony D'Alessandro (January 17, 2015). "'American Sniper' Makes Eastwood's Friday With $30.5M, Can It Hit $80M By Monday? – Saturday Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  49. Pamela McClintock (January 16, 2015). "Box-Office Shocker: 'American Sniper' Tops Friday With $30.5M, Could Approach $80M". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. Maana Khatchatourian (January 17, 2015). "'American Sniper' Earns Record-Breaking $30.5 Mil Friday, Shoots for $80 Mil-Plus Weekend". Variety. Retrieved January 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. "TOP OPENING WEEKENDS BY MONTH". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. "TOP OPENING WEEKENDS BY SEASON". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. Ray Subers (January 18, 2015). "Weekend Report: 'Sniper' Sets January Record with Stunning $90 Million Debut". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  54. Scott Mendelson (January 18, 2015). "Box Office: Clint Eastwood's 'American Sniper' Earns Massive $90.2M Weekend". Forbes. Retrieved January 19, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ Scott Mendelson (January 19, 2015). "Why The 'American Sniper' Box Office Blowout Is Even Bigger Than You Think". Forbes. Retrieved January 20, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  56. Pamela McClintock (January 18, 2015). "Box-Office Shocker: 'American Sniper' Now Targeting $105M Debut". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 18, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  57. Anthony D'Alessandro (January 18, 2015). "Eastwood's Fistful Of Dollars: 'American Sniper' Targets Record Jan. $105.2M Four-Day Bow – Final Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  58. Pamela McClintock (January 20, 2015). "Final Box Office: 'American Sniper' Even Bigger, Hits $107.2M Over MLK Weekend". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 22, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  59. Ray Subers (January 22, 2015). "Forecast: 'Sniper' to Easily Fight Off Weak Competition This Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  60. "WIDEST RELEASES BY MPAA RATING". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 24, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  61. Pamela McClintock (January 25, 2015). "Box Office: 'American Sniper' Hits Stunning $200M; Johnny Depp Fizzles". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  62. Nancy Tartaglione (January 4, 2015). "'Hobbit' Passes $500M; 'American Sniper', 'Taken 3′ Skillful: Intl Box Office Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  63. Ray Subers (January 4, 2015). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Hobbit' Marches To $500 Million Overseas". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  64. ^ "American Sniper International Box Office". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  65. "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Taken' Repeats, 'Hobbit' Hits $800 Million". boxofficemojo.com. IMDB. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  66. "American Sniper". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  67. "American Sniper Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  68. Jenelle Riley (January 8, 2015). "Can Box Office Help 'American Sniper,' 'Unbroken' Win Over Academy Voters?". Variety. Retrieved January 17, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  69. Todd McCarthy. "'American Sniper': AFI Fest Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  70. Justin Chang. "'American Sniper' Review: Bradley Cooper Stars in Clint Eastwood's Powerful War Movie". Variety. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  71. David Denby (December 22, 2014). ""Selma" and "American Sniper" Reviews". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  72. Chris Nashawaty. "American Sniper Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  73. Elizabeth Weitzman. "'American Sniper': Movie review". NY Daily News. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  74. Amy Nicholson (December 22, 2014). "American Sniper Is a Rah-Rah War-on-Terror Fantasy". LA Weekly. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  75. Kyle Smith. "'American Sniper' is the year's most extraordinary film". New York Post. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  76. Peter Travers. "'American Sniper' Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  77. Ignatiy Vishnevetsky. "Review: Clint Eastwood's American Sniper is a war movie that's tensest on the home front". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  78. James Berardinelli. "Reelviews Movie Reviews". ReelViews. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  79. Rafer Guzman. "'American Sniper' review: Bradley Cooper nails the role". Newsday.
  80. Kenneth Turan (December 24, 2014). "Review: 'American Sniper' goes above and beyond war-hero tradition - LA Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  81. Claudia Puig (December 23, 2014). "Bradley Cooper's aim is true in 'American Sniper'". USA Today. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  82. Joshua Rothkopf. "American Sniper". Time Out New York. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  83. Inkoo Kang. "'American Sniper' Review: War Plays Out Like a Video Game in Clint Eastwood's Navy SEAL Biopic". TheWrap. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  84. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/24/american-sniper-anti-muslim-threats_n_6537950.html
  85. http://www.vox.com/2015/1/21/7641189/american-sniper-history
  86. Hollywood uses ‘American Sniper’ to destroy history & create myth. John Wight, 23 January 2015. Russia Today Op Edge.
  87. 'American Sniper' is almost too dumb to criticize (2015-01-23), Rolling Stone Magazine
  88. 7 heinous lies that American Sniper is telling America
  89. The ugly truth of American Sniper
  90. "Oscar Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' & 'Birdman' Lead Way With 9 Noms; 'Imitation Game' Scores 8". Deadline.com. January 15, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  91. "'Birdman', 'Foxcatcher' Among Art Directors Guild Nominees". Deadline.com. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  92. "'American Sniper,' 'Boyhood,' 'Gone Girl' Among ACE Eddie Award Nominees (FULL LIST)". Variety. January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  93. "AFI List of Top Ten Films Expands to Include 11 Movies". The Hollywood Reporter. December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  94. "BAFTA Nominations: 'Grand Budapest Hotel' Leads With 11 – Full List". Deadline.com. January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  95. "Cinema Audio Society Nominates 'American Sniper,' 'True Detective' and More". Indiewire. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  96. Critics' Choice Awards Winners
  97. "Denver critics nominate 'American Sniper,' 'Birdman' and 'Inherent Vice'". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  98. "Denver critics name Clint Eastwood's 'American Sniper' the year's best film". Hitfix. January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
  99. "DGA Awards Film Nominations: Anderson, Eastwood, Inarritu, Linklater, Tyldum". Deadline.com. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  100. "'Boyhood' is Iowa Critics' Best Picture of 2014". Hitfix. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  101. "'Birdman,' 'Apes' Top 2015 Golden Reel Nominations". Deadline.com. January 14, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  102. "National Board of Review Announces 2014 Award Winners". National Board of Review. December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  103. "'American Sniper,' 'Birdman' & 'Boyhood' Among PGA Awards Nominees". Deadline.com. January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  104. "Writers Guild Awards Nominations: 'Whiplash', 'Gone Girl', 'Guardians' On Diverse List". Deadline.com. January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.

External links

Clint Eastwood
Films directed
Related
Family
Category
Categories: