List of exoplanet firsts: Difference between revisions

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			\| First ] located in outer solar system of another star; previous gas giants had been discovered, but all closer to their star. The discovery raises the possibility that HIP 11915 will be the first ] analogue discovered.
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Revision as of 08:59, 18 July 2015

This is a list of exoplanet discoveries that were the first by several criteria, including:

and others.

The first

Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar planet discovered.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First exoplanets discovered, first pulsar planets, first super-earths discovered. The planet around Gamma Cephei was already suspected in 1988. HD 114762 b was discovered in 1989, but was not confirmed as a planet before 1996.

By discovery method

First discovery by a method
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First planet discovered via pulsar timing.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First extrasolar planets discovered, first super-earths.
First planet discovered via radial velocity.	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First planet found around a sun like star.
First planet discovered via transit.	OGLE-TR-56 b	OGLE-TR-56	2002	This was also the second planet detected through transiting, and the then farthest planet known at time of discovery. The first extrasolar planet discovered to be transiting was HD 209458 b, which had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.
First planet discovered via gravitational lensing.	OGLE-2003-BLG-235L b	OGLE-2003-BLG-235L / MOA-2003-BLG-53L	2004	This was discovered independently by the OGLE and MOA teams.
First planet discovered through variable star timing.	V391 Pegasi b	V391 Pegasi	2007	The planet was discovered by examining deviations from pulsation frequency from a subdwarf star.
First exoplanet discovered by directly imaging the extrasolar planet	1RXS J160929.1−210524 b	1RXS J160929.1−210524	2008	Revised mass places it at or above the deuterium-burning limit. May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen.
First extrasolar planet discovered by indirect imaging (visible light)	Fomalhaut b	Fomalhaut	2008	Discovered by a light reflecting off of a dust cloud surrounding the planet. First planet orbiting an ABO star.
First extrasolar planet discovered by astrometric observations	HD 176051 b	HD 176051 A or HD 176051 B	2010	Orbits around one of the stars in a binary star system although it is not known which component it is orbiting around.
First exoplanet discovered by orbital perturbations of another planet	Kepler-19c	Kepler-19 (KOI-84, TYC 3134-1549-1)	2011	Detected through transit-timing variation method. Its existence was inferred by the gravitational influence it had on the orbital periodicity of Kepler-19b.
First exoplanets discovered by orbital phase reflected light variations	Kepler-70b, Kepler-70c	Kepler-70	2011
First exoplanet discovered by transit-duration variation method	Kepler-88c	Kepler-88 (KOI-142)	2013	Both transit timing variation and transit-duration variation was measured to measure deviations from regular orbit of Kepler-88b. Deviations of the planet's transit duration and timing helped to discover Kepler-88c.

By detection method

First detection by a method
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First planet detected via pulsar timing.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
First planet detected via radial velocity.	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995
First planet detected by transit method	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	1999	This first exoplanet found to be transiting had already been discovered by the radial velocity method. This is also the first planet that has been detected through more than one method.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet. (infrared)	2M1207 b	2M1207	2004	May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. If it is a planet, it is the first known planet around a brown dwarf.
First planet with observed secondary eclipse. (infrared)	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	2005	Planet was discovered in the year 1999. This is the first direct detection of light from object with a clear planetary origin.
First extrasolar planet detected through polarimetry.	HD 189733 b	HD 189733	2008	HD 189733 b was discovered in 2005.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a 'normal' star. (infrared)	1RXS J160929.1−210524 b	1RXS J160929.1−210524	2008
First planets directly characterized through astrometric observations.	Gliese 876 b and Gliese 876 c	Gliese 876	2009
First planet detected by orbital phase reflected light variations in visible light	CoRoT-1b	CoRoT-1	2009	The planet in question had already been discovered with transit method.
First planets detected through ellipsoidal light variations of the host star	HAT-P-7b	HAT-P-7b	2010
First planets detected through transit timing variation method	Kepler-9b, Kepler-9c	Kepler-9	2010	Transit-timing variation was used to confirm both planets detected through transit method.
First planet detected through transit duration variation method	Kepler-16b	Kepler-16	2011	Orbital motion of the stars causes transits of both components of Kepler-16 to deviate significantly.
First planet detected with eclipsing binary timing with well-characterized orbit	Kepler-16b	Kepler-16	2011	Kepler-16b itself was detected through transit method. There are stars with earlier detections through eclipsing binary timing. However, those signals have matched with unstable orbits or simply the exact orbits are not known.
First planet detected by light variations due to relativistic beaming.	TrES-2b	TrES-2	2012

By system type

First discovery by system type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar planet discovered in a solitary star system.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First extrasolar planets discovered. HD 114762 b was discovered in 1989, but was not confirmed as a planet before 1996.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has a mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.
First planet discovered in a multiple main-sequence star system.	55 Cancri b	55 Cancri	1996	55 Cnc has distant red dwarf companion. The planet around Gamma Cephei was already suspected in 1988. Gamma Cephei Ab is the first relatively close binary with a planet.
First planet discovered in a circumbinary orbit.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003.
First multiple planet extrasolar system discovered.	PSR B1257+12 A PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First pulsar planetary system.
First multiple planet system in a multi-star system where multiple planets orbit multiple stars	Kepler-47b Kepler-47c	Kepler-47	2012	NN Serpentis cataclysmic variable is suspected to have at least 2 planets at least in the year 2009.
First planet discovered in globular cluster.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	Located in Messier 4
First binary star system where both components have separate planetary systems.	HD 20781 b HD 20781 c HD 20782 b	HD 20781 HD 20782	2011

Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
No star system
First non-stellar planet.	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004
Single star system
First planet in a solitary star system.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
Binary star system
First planet in a binary star system.	55 Cancri Ab	55 Cancri	1996
First planet in a single-star orbit in a binary star system.	55 Cancri Ab	55 Cancri	1996
First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a binary star system.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	The existence of the planet was confirmed in 2003.
First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a binary star system around main-sequence stars.	Kepler-16b	Kepler-16	2011	The stars have spectral classes K and M.
Trinary star system
First planet in a trinary star system.	16 Cygni Bb	16 Cygni	1996	The stars in this system are 16 Cygni A, 16 Cygni B and 16 Cygni C.
First planet in a single star orbit in a trinary star system.	16 Cygni Bb	16 Cygni	1996	16 Cygni A and Cygni C form a main pair with the semi-major axis being 73 AU. 16 Cygni B orbits 877 to 15,180 AU from the barycenter of the A and C pair.
First planet in a multi-star orbit in a trinary star system.
First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a trinary star system.
First planet in a triple-star orbit in a trinary star system.
Quadruple star system
First planet in a quadruple star system.	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012
First planet in a multi-star orbit in a quadruple star system.	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012
First planet in a single-star orbit in a quadruple star system.	30 Arietis BA b	30 Arietis BA	2009	Quadruple nature of the system was revealed in 2015.
First circumbinary planet discovered in a quadruple star system.	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012

By star type

First discovery by star type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First pulsar planet discovered.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
First known extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star. (Sun-like)	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First hot jupiter.
First known planet orbiting an ABO star. (blue-white star)	Fomalhaut b	Fomalhaut	2008	First extrasolar planet discovered by visible light image.
First known planet orbiting a red dwarf.	Gliese 876 b	Gliese 876	1998
First known planet orbiting a giant star.	Iota Draconis b	Iota Draconis	2002	Aldebaran b was announced in 1997, but has not been confirmed.
First known planet orbiting a white dwarf.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	GD 66 b was announced in 2007, but has not been confirmed
First known planet orbiting a brown dwarf.	2M1207 b	2M1207	2004	May in fact be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. First directly imaged planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.

By planet type

Firsts by planet type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First hot Jupiter.	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First planet discovered orbiting a main sequence star.
First extrasolar terrestrial planet orbiting a main sequence star.	Mu Arae c	Mu Arae	2004	Terrestrial nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The minimum mass is comparable to that of Uranus in our own solar system, which is not a terrestrial planet. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being a rocky planet is CoRoT-7b.
First super-earth discovered	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First planets discovered
First super-earth orbiting a main sequence star.	Gliese 876 d	Gliese 876	2005	Orbits a red dwarf star.
First icy extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star.	OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb	OGLE-2005-BLG-390L	2006	Orbits a red dwarf star. The icy nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being an icy planet is GJ 1214 b, though even for this case there are other possibilities for the composition.
First evaporating planet discovered	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	1999	First transiting planet.
First Jupiter analogue	HIP 11915 b	HIP 11915	2015	First gas giant located in outer solar system of another star; previous gas giants had been discovered, but all closer to their star. The discovery raises the possibility that HIP 11915 will be the first Solar System analogue discovered.
First ocean planet candidate; also first Goldilocks planet.	Gliese 581 d	Gliese 581	2007	Orbits a red dwarf star. This planet orbits a little too far from the star, but the greenhouse effect would be enough to make this planet habitable. The other ocean planet candidate GJ 1214 b was detected by transit in which the density was calculated and determined that this planet is an ocean planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.

Other

Other firsts
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar transiting planet.	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	1999	OGLE-TR-56 b is the first planet found by transit method.
First map of an extrasolar planet released	HD 189733 b	HD 189733	2007	The map in question is a thermal emission map.
First multi-planet extrasolar system directly imaged.	HR 8799 b HR 8799 c HR 8799 d HR 8799 e	HR 8799	2008
First planet discovered with a retrograde orbit.	WASP-17b	WASP-17	2009	The planet HAT-P-7b was discovered before WASP-17b, but its retrograde nature was announced after that of WASP-17b.
First extrasolar planet with serious potential to support life.	Gliese 581 g	Gliese 581	2010	This planet may be tidally locked to its parent star, but there could be a habitable band along the terminator. The other one is Kepler-22b.
First planet discovered orbiting a Sun-like star in a star cluster	Pr0201b Pr0211b	Pr0201 Pr0211	2012	Beehive Cluster star cluster
First recorded planet-planet transit	Kepler-89d Kepler-89e	Kepler-89	2012	Kepler-89e was partially transiting Kepler-89d.
First transiting planet discovered in a star cluster	Kepler-66b Kepler-67b	Kepler-66 Kepler-67	2013	NGC 6811 star cluster; These two planets, were at the time of discovery, only two of six total planets known in star clusters.
First map of cloud coverage of an extrasolar planet	Kepler-7b	Kepler-7	2013	Observations indicate cloud coverage in the west and clear skies in the east.
First not tidally locked extrasolar planet to have its day length measured	Beta Pictoris b	Beta Pictoris	2014	Rotation speed was calculated to be 8.1 hours.

Notes

^ Free-floating objects are not usually considered planets
^ The mass range of Super-Earths is disputed

References

^ Space.com, "Out There: A Strange Zoo of Other Worlds", Charles Q. Choi, 14 February 2010 (accessed 2010-10-20)
^ Space.com, "Earth-Sized Planets Confirmed, But They're Dead Worlds", Robert Roy Britt, 29 May 2003 (accessed 20-10-2010)
^ Queloz, Didier (2006). "Extrasolar planets: Light through a gravitational lens". Nature. 439 (7075): 400–401. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..400Q. doi:10.1038/439400a.
^ SpaceDaily.com, "Farthest Known Planet Opens the Door For Finding New Earths", 10 January 2003 (accessed 2010-10-24)
^ PhysOrg.com, "New Era in Planetary Science", 23 March 2005 (accessed 2010-10-24)
Sky and Telescope, "First Planet Found by Microlensing", Alan M. MacRobert, 16 April 2004 (accessed 2010-10-24)
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7159/abs/nature06143.html
^ Exoplanet 'circles normal star', BBC News Online, September 15, 2008
TG Daily, "'Invisible' planet detected", Kate Taylor, 9 September 2011
Time, "Found: A (So Far) Invisible World", Michael D. Lemonick, 9 September 2011
Charpinet, S. and Fontaine, G. and Brassard, P. and Green, EM and Van Grootel, V. and Randall, SK and Silvotti, R. and Baran, AS and Østensen, RH and Kawaler, SD; et al. (2011). "A compact system of small planets around a former red-giant star". Nature. Vol. 480, no. 7378. Nature Publishing Group. pp. 496–499. doi:10.1038/nature10631. {{cite news}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.4283v1.pdf
Ignas A. G. Snellen; Ernst J. W. de Mooij; Simon Albrecht (2009-05-28). "The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b". Nature. 459 (7246): 543–545. arXiv:0904.1208. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..543S. doi:10.1038/nature08045. PMID 19478779.
Discovery of Ellipsoidal Variations in the Kepler Light Curve of HAT-P-7: William F. Welsh, Jerome A. Orosz, Sara Seager, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jon Jenkins, Jason F. Rowe, David Koch, William J. Borucki
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2010/10-73AR.html
Overbye, Dennis (2011-09-15). "NASA Detects Planet Dancing With a Pair of Stars". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
Photometrically derived masses and radii of the planet and star in the TrES-2 system: Thomas Barclay, Daniel Huber, Jason F. Rowe, Jonathan J. Fortney, Caroline V. Morley, Elisa V. Quintana, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Geert Barentsen, Steven Bloemen, Jessie L. Christiansen, Brice-Olivier Demory, Benjamin J. Fulton, Jon M. Jenkins, Fergal Mullally, Darin Ragozzine, Shaun E. Seader, Avi Shporer, Peter Tenenbaum, Susan E. Thompson
^ Space.com, "Mysterious Object Might be First Extrasolar Planet Photographed", Robert Roy Britt, 22 May 2002 (accessed 2010-10-24)
Space.com, "Newfound 'Tatooine' Alien Planet Bodes Well for E.T. Search", Charles Q. Choi, 4 September 2012 (accessed 5 September 2012)
SpaceDaily, "Astronomers Find First Multi-Planet System Around a Binary Star", 3 September 2012 (accessed 5 September 2012)
http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/aa/abs/2010/13/aa15472-10/aa15472-10.html
^ BUTLER P. & MARCY G., The Lick Observatory Planet Search in: Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe, IAU Colloquium No. 161, Capri 1–5 July 1996, eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer, and D. Werthimer
^ "Analysis of the motion of an extrasolar planet in a binary system". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. arXiv:1212.3843. Bibcode:2013AJ....146..108P. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/108. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
NASA JPL, "Citizens Discover Four-Star Planet with NASA's Kepler", Whitney Clavin, 15 October 2012 (accessed 20 October 2012)
^ PlanetHunters.org, "PH1 : A planet in a four-star system", 15 October 2012 (accessed 20 October 2012)
Guenther, E. W.; et al. (2009). "A substellar component orbiting the F-star 30 Arietis B". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 507 (3): 1659–1665. arXiv:0912.4619. Bibcode:2009A&A...507.1659G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912112.
Knutson, Heather A.; David Charbonneau; Lori E. Allen; Jonathan J. Fortney; Eric Agol; Nicolas B. Cowan; Adam P. Showman; Curtis S. Cooper; S. Thomas Megeath (10 May 2007). "A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b". Nature. 447 (7141): 183–186. arXiv:0705.0993. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..183K. doi:10.1038/nature05782. PMID 17495920.
ScienceDaily, "First Planets Found Around Sun-Like Stars in a Cluster", 14 September 2012
http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.5771
SpaceDaily, First Transiting Planets in a Star Cluster Discovered, 27 June 2013
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer20130930.html#.Uko8mrOXuPI
Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/nature.2014.15132, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15132 instead.

Exoplanets

Main topics

Sizes
and
types

Terrestrial	Carbon planet Coreless planet Desert planet Dwarf planet Hycean planet Ice planet Iron planet (Super-Mercury) Lava planet Ocean world Mega-Earth Sub-Earth Super-Earth
Gaseous	Eccentric Jupiter Mini-Neptune (Gas dwarf) Helium planet Hot Jupiter Hot Neptune Gas giant Ice giant Super-Jupiter Super-Neptune Super-puff Ultra-hot Jupiter Ultra-hot Neptune
Other types	Blanet Brown dwarf Chthonian planet Circumbinary planet Circumtriple planet Disrupted planet Double planet Ecumenopolis Eyeball planet Giant planet Mesoplanet Planemo Planet/Brown dwarf boundary Planetesimal Protoplanet Pulsar planet Sub-brown dwarf Sub-Neptune Toroidal planet Ultra-cool dwarf Ultra-short period planet (USP)