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===1900s=== ===1900s===
]
*], ]- ] experiences a westward moving tropical storm which passes near the northern coasts of ] and ].<ref name="1911hurdat">{{cite web|author=NOAA|year=2005|title=1911 Atlantic hurricane season|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/1911.htm}}</ref> *], ]- ] experiences a westward moving tropical storm which passes near the northern coasts of ] and ].<ref name="1911hurdat">{{cite web|author=NOAA|year=2005|title=1911 Atlantic hurricane season|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/1911.htm}}</ref>
*]-5, ]- A Category 2 hurricane parallels the north coast of Venezuela and Colombia 75 miles offshore, causing some damage. Later, it passes to the northeast of ], destroying 36 houses and ruining crops.<ref name="1932mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1932|title=1932 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1932.pdf}}</ref> *]-5, ]- A Category 2 hurricane parallels the north coast of Venezuela and Colombia 75 miles offshore, causing some damage. Later, it passes to the northeast of ], destroying 36 houses and ruining crops.<ref name="1932mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1932|title=1932 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1932.pdf}}</ref>
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*], 1971- A tropical depression that later becomes ] crosses the Venezuelan island of Curaçao. Effects are unknown.<ref name="1971mwr"/> *], 1971- A tropical depression that later becomes ] crosses the Venezuelan island of Curaçao. Effects are unknown.<ref name="1971mwr"/>
*], ]- ] makes landfall on northeastern Venezuela and later dissipates over the mountainous country. Intense rain bands cause a passenger plane to crash on ], resulting in 47 indirect deaths. Damage is unknown.<ref name="1974mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1974|title=1974 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1974.pdf}}</ref> *], ]- ] makes landfall on northeastern Venezuela and later dissipates over the mountainous country. Intense rain bands cause a passenger plane to crash on ], resulting in 47 indirect deaths. Damage is unknown.<ref name="1974mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1974|title=1974 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1974.pdf}}</ref>

*], ]- ] dissipates near the island of Curaçao, causing no known impact.<ref name="1978mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1978|title=1978 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1978.pdf}}</ref> *], ]- ] dissipates near the island of Curaçao, causing no known impact.<ref name="1978mwr">{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|year=1978|title=1978 Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/1978.pdf}}</ref>
*], 1978- A tropical depression that later becomes ] forms near the northeastern coast of Venezuela, causing no known damage.<ref name="1978mwr"/> *], 1978- A tropical depression that later becomes ] forms near the northeastern coast of Venezuela, causing no known damage.<ref name="1978mwr"/>
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===2000s=== ===2000s===
] at Brazil landfall]]
*], ]- ] dissipates just north of eastern ], causing no known damage.<ref name="joycetcr">{{cite web|author=Miles B. Lawrence|year=2000|title=Hurricane Joyce Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1999lenny.html}}</ref> *], ]- ] dissipates just north of eastern ], causing no known damage.<ref name="joycetcr">{{cite web|author=Miles B. Lawrence|year=2000|title=Hurricane Joyce Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1999lenny.html}}</ref>
*], ]- ] crosses over northeastern Venezuela as a tropical depression. Effects, if any, are unknown.<ref name="isitcr">{{cite web|author=Lixion A. Avila|year=2002|title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report|Publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2002isidore.shtml}}</ref> *], ]- ] crosses over northeastern Venezuela as a tropical depression. Effects, if any, are unknown.<ref name="isitcr">{{cite web|author=Lixion A. Avila|year=2002|title=Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report|Publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2006-07-21|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2002isidore.shtml}}</ref>

Revision as of 03:12, 22 July 2006

A South American cyclone is a tropical cyclone that affects the continent of South America. The continent is rarely affected by tropical cyclones, though most storms to hit the area formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. Typically, strong upper level winds and its proximity to the equator prevents North Atlantic Ocean impacts. No tropical cyclone has ever effected the Pacific side of South America, while conditions are typically too hostile for many storms to hit the area from the South Atlantic Ocean. Based on climatology, northern Venezuela and Columbia have a 1 to 5% chance of a hurricane strike in any given year, while all locations south of 10º N have less than a 1% chance of a direct hit.

List of tropical cyclones

Pre-1900

1900s

Tropical Storm Bret near Venezuelan landfall
  • September 5, 1911- Curaçao experiences a westward moving tropical storm which passes near the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia.
  • November 2-5, 1932- A Category 2 hurricane parallels the north coast of Venezuela and Colombia 75 miles offshore, causing some damage. Later, it passes to the northeast of Providencia Island, destroying 36 houses and ruining crops.
  • June 27, 1933- A minimal hurricane moves through northeastern Venezuela. The hurricane destroys several houses, businesses, and fishing boats. Powerful winds cut telephonic and telegraphic communications for several days. The hurricane killed several people, and caused over $200,000 in damage (1933 USD, $2.7 million 2005 USD).
  • October 8, 1954- Hurricane Hazel paralells the north coasts of Venezuela and Colombia around 100 miles offshore as a Category 3 hurricane, though effects, if any, are unknown.
  • September 25, 1955- Hurricane Janet paralells the north coasts of Venezuela and Colombia around 100 miles offshore as a Category 4 hurricane, though effects, if any, are unknown.
  • July 20, 1961- Hurricane Anna passes 75 miles north of the coast of Venezuela, though effects, if any, are unknown.
  • October 1, 1963- Hurricane Flora strikes Tobago and remains just offshore of Venezuela as it moves through the Caribbean Sea as a Category 3 hurricane. Damage in Venezuela, if any, is unknown.
  • September 7, 1971- A tropical depression intensifies into Tropical Storm Edith near the north coast of Venezuela. Effects are unknown.
  • September 16, 1971- A tropical depression that later becomes Hurricane Irene crosses the Venezuelan island of Curaçao. Effects are unknown.
  • August 14, 1974- Tropical Storm Alma makes landfall on northeastern Venezuela and later dissipates over the mountainous country. Intense rain bands cause a passenger plane to crash on Isla Margarita, resulting in 47 indirect deaths. Damage is unknown.
  • August 12, 1978- Tropical Depression Cora dissipates near the island of Curaçao, causing no known impact.
  • September 13, 1978- A tropical depression that later becomes Hurricane Greta forms near the northeastern coast of Venezuela, causing no known damage.
  • September 10-12, 1988- Outflow bands from Hurricane Gilbert produce flash flooding in northern Venezuela. The flooding killed five people.
  • October 16-18, 1988- Tropical Storm Joan strikes northern Venezuela and Colombia. The storm produces flash flooding which kills 11 in Venezuela. In Colombia, rainfall from Joan kills 25, and leaves 27,000 homeless.
  • August 14, 1990- Minimal Tropical Storm Fran dissipates over northeastern Venezuela, with no known impact.
  • August 7-9, 1993- Tropical Storm Bret moves across northern Venezuela and Colombia. In Venezuela, the storm drops at least 13.35 inches in Guanare. The rainfall causes mudslides, particuarly near the city of Caracas, that cover many low-income housing units. Of the 173 deaths caused by Bret in Venezuela, most occur in the low-income areas near Caracas. Lack of preparation, including weather forecasters prematurely stating the worst of the storm is over, is part of the problem. In all, 10,000 were left homeless, and damaged totaled to $25 million (1993 USD, $39 million 2005 USD). In Colombia, Bret causes one death and one injury.
  • July 24-27, 1996- Hurricane Cesar moves westward across the southern Caribbean Sea and crosses over extreme northern Colombia and the San Andres archipelago. Cesar kills 11 people in Colombia due to flooding and mudslides.
  • November 13-16, 1999- Strong waves from Hurricane Lenny effect the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, flooding 1,200 homes and businesses along the northern coastline. In addition, winds and rains from the hurricane causes severe crop damage in the country. The hurricane kills two in Colombia.

2000s

Cyclone Catarina at Brazil landfall
  • September 25, 2000- Hurricane Joyce dissipates just north of eastern Venezuela, causing no known damage.
  • September 14, 2002- Hurricane Isidore crosses over northeastern Venezuela as a tropical depression. Effects, if any, are unknown.
  • December 4, 2003- Tropical Storm Odette produces heavy rainfall of up to 8 inches (200 mm) in Colombia.
  • January 20, 2004- A possible tropical storm in the South Atlantic Ocean hits eastern Belize, dropping heavy rainfall in the area.
  • March 28, 2004- A cyclone, unofficially named Cyclone Catarina, strikes southeastern Brazil with maximum recorded winds of 90 mph. The possible hurricane damaged more than 30,000 homes and left 1,900 people homeless. The storm also damaged 1,373 businesses and destroyed 50, including a hospital. The storm killed 3, injured 38, and caused up to $330 million in damage (2004 USD).
  • September 7-9, 2004- Hurricane Ivan parallels the north coast of Venezuela as a Category 4 hurricane. Ivan's strong winds forced the closure of several airports. The hurricane also produced heavy rainfall and strong waves. Ivan killed three in the country, though overall damage was minor.
  • July 14, 2005- Hurricane Emily passes just north of Venezuela as a strengthening hurricane, causing heavy rains and flooding in the northeastern portion of the country. 64 families were forced to leave their homes when rivers in eastern Monagas state overflowed their banks, but waters quickly receded. Ships were forced to remain at port while the hurricane passed to the country's north, though restrictions quickly lifted.
  • October 29, 2005- Hurricane Beta hits the Colombian island of Providencia, and tears the roofs off of thousands of homes. High winds also shut down all airports and communications.

References

  1. "Ask Tom Why". WGN9 Chicago. 2004. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  2. Pielke, Rubiera, Landsea, Fernández, and Klein (2003). "Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean" (PDF). National Hazards Review. Retrieved 2006-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, Luis Gimeno, Pedro Ribera and Emiliano Hernandez. "New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources". Retrieved 2006-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Michael Chenoweth (2006). "A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  5. NOAA (2005). "1877 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  6. NOAA (2005). "1886 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  7. NOAA (2005). "1887 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  8. NOAA (2005). "1892 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  9. National Weather Service (1892). "1892 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  10. NOAA (2005). "1911 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  11. National Weather Service (1932). "1932 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  12. National Weather Service (1933). "1933 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  13. National Weather Service (1954). "1954 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  14. National Weather Service (1955). "1955 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  15. National Weather Service (1961). "1961 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  16. National Weather Service (1963). "1963 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  17. ^ National Weather Service (1971). "1971 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  18. National Weather Service (1974). "1974 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  19. ^ National Weather Service (1978). "1978 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  20. National Weather Service (1988). "1988 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  21. Dr. Harold P. Gerrish (1988). "Hurricane Joan Tropical Cyclone Report Page 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  22. National Hurricane Center (1990). "Tropical Storm Fran Tropical Cyclone Report". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  23. ^ National Weather Service (1993). "1993 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  24. John Wade (1993). "Catastrophe in Caracas". The Herald. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  25. Associated Press (1996). "Hurricane Douglas leaves at least 35 dead as it crosses from Caribbean to Pacific". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  26. Agence France-Presse (1999). "One death blamed on Hurricane Lenny; still threatens Caribbean". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  27. John L. Guiney (1999). "Hurricane Lenny Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  28. Miles B. Lawrence (2000). "Hurricane Joyce Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  29. Lixion A. Avila (2002). "Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report". Retrieved 2006-07-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  30. World Meteorological Organization (2004). "Final Report of the 2003 Atlantic Hurricane Season" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  31. Gary Padgett (2004). "January 2004 Tropical cyclone summary". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  32. ^ D.H. Levinson (2004). "State of the Climate in 2004". American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  33. Associated Press (2004). "First South Atlantic hurricane hits Brazil". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  34. Agence France-Presse (2004). "Hurricane Ivan kills at least 14 in Caribbean". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  35. Stacy R. Stewart (2004). "Hurricane Ivan Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  36. International Federation of the Red Cross (2004). "Caribbean:Hurricane Ivan" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  37. News from Russia (2005). "Emily passed Venezuela". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  38. Adventist News Network (2005). "Colombia: Adventists Aid Hurricane Beta Relief Effort on Tiny Island". Retrieved 2006-07-21.