Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 03:00, 25 March 2015

"A Rape on Campus" is a discredited article that appeared in the December 2014 issue of Rolling Stone (first available in November 2014) by Sabrina Erdely, with fact-checking by assistant editor Elisabeth Garber-Paul. The article alleged a vicious gang rape at a fraternity at the University of Virginia against a victim identified as "Jackie." After other journalists investigated the article's claims and found significant discrepancies, Rolling Stone issued multiple apologies for the story. The story was included in a Columbia Journalism Review feature, "The Worst Journalism of 2014", where it was described as winning "this year’s media-fail sweepstakes." The Poynter Institute named it as the "Error of the Year" in journalism.

Rolling Stone publisher Jann S. Wenner has asked the dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism to audit the editorial processes leading up to the publication of the controversial story. Dean Steve Coll agreed to review the processes with Sheila Coronel, dean of academic affairs.

On January 12, 2015, Charlottesville Police Department officials told the University that "their investigation has not revealed any substantive basis to confirm that the allegations raised in the Rolling Stone article occurred at Phi Kappa Psi...so there's no reason to keep them suspended" On January 30, 2015, UVa President Teresa Sullivan acknowledged that the Rolling Stone story was discredited. Charlottesville Police officially suspended their four-month investigation on March 23, 2015, stating that they had no evidence of a gang rape taking place and "no basis to conclude that anything happened in fraternity house." In light of the findings, Erik Wemple of The Washington Post pronounced the story "a complete crock."

The story

In 2014, Erdely has said, she set out to find an account of a sexual assault at an elite school as the subject of an article. Her resulting story for Rolling Stone, titled "A Rape on Campus" and published in the December 2014 issue of that magazine (first available in November 2014), alleged that seven members of Phi Kappa Psi at the University of Virginia gang-raped a student at that fraternity house on September 28, 2012. The article described the school administration's response to the incident as insufficient, and provided detail of the alleged crime so graphic that Erik Wemple later criticized it as hard to believe due to the "diabolical" description Erdely penned.

When yet another hand clamped over her mouth, Jackie bit it, and the hand became a fist that punched her in the face. "Grab its motherfucking leg," she heard a voice say. And that's when Jackie knew she was going to be raped. She remembers every moment of the next three hours of agony, during which, she says, seven men took turns raping her, while two more – her date, Drew, and another man – gave instruction and encouragement. As the last man sank onto her, Jackie was startled to recognize him: He attended her tiny anthropology discussion group. He looked like he was going to cry or puke as he told the crowd he couldn't get it up. "Pussy!" the other men jeered. "What, she's not hot enough for you?" Then they egged him on: "Don't you want to be a brother?" "We all had to do it, so you do, too."

According to Erdely, the story was based on her interviews with the alleged victim, whom she identified as "Jackie," as well as interviews with several of Jackie's friends, to whom she assigned the pseudonyms "Andy" (whose name was later revealed to be Alex Stone), "Cindy" (whose name was later revealed to be Kathryn Hendley) and "Randall" (whose name was later revealed to be Ryan Duffin).

Reaction

In the aftermath of the report, the University suspended all fraternities on campus, and English professor Allison Booth declared "the whole culture is sick." In a nationally published op-ed Colin Downes, a law student at the University of Virginia, called for fraternities to be treated as "criminal street gangs" and subject to asset forfeiture. Articles in The Cavalier Daily, the university student newspaper, demonstrated frustrations with Erdely's representation of the student body, with columnist Dani Bernstein writing that the problem of sexual assault was not due to "a lack of effort from the student body, but rather a lack of response from the administration." On November 20, 2014, the Phi Kappa Psi house was vandalized as several people threw bottles and cinder blocks through most of the first-floor windows and spray-painted insulting messages on the building. As a result of the attacks, as well as death threats made against members, residents of the fraternity abandoned their house. Meanwhile, anonymous persons angered by the alleged rape and the university's purported indifference, also threatened to kill Associate Dean Nicole Eramo. On November 22, a march organized by Victoria Olwell and other University of Virginia faculty included a protest outside the Phi Kappa Psi house. Four protesters were arrested outside the house on the same day.

The University of Virginia Interfraternity Council, in a statement released on its website, responded to the accusations by noting, in part, that "an IFC officer was interviewed by Rolling Stone regarding the culture of sexual violence at the University. Although the discussion was lengthy, the reporter elected not to include any of the information from the interview in her article."

Story's veracity

Questions emerge

Richard Bradley, editor in chief of Worth magazine, was the first mainstream journalist to question the Rolling Stone article, in a blog entry written on November 24, 2014. The entry began drawing national media attention in the days after paleoconservative pundit Steve Sailer made an entry on his own blog at the Unz Review on November 29 in which he discussed and linked to Bradley's piece. After an interview Erdely gave to Slate, in which she appeared to offer evasive responses about the way in which she investigated the piece, some commentators escalated their questioning of the veracity of the story. It was later revealed Erdely had not interviewed any of the men accused of the rape. Erdely defended her decision not to interview the accused by explaining that the contact page on the fraternity's website "was pretty outdated." Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple rejected Erdely's statement on why she had not interviewed the accused, explaining that the severity of the accusations she was reporting required "every possible step to reach out and interview them, including e-mails, phone calls, certified letters, FedEx letters, UPS letters and, if all of that fails, a knock on the door. No effort short of all that qualifies as journalism."

Fraternity officials, who rejected the published allegations, noted a number of discrepancies in the story, including that there was no party held on the night of the alleged rape, as the accuser had claimed, that no fraternity member matched the description in the story of the "ringleader" of the rape, and that details about the layout of the fraternity house provided by the accuser were wrong. Fraternity officials also noted that, prior to the Rolling Stone story, there had never been a criminal investigation or allegation of sexual assault against an undergraduate member of the chapter. Fraternity officials further disputed a claim in Erdely's piece that said the rape had occurred as part of a pledging ritual by observing that pledging on the UVA campus occurs in spring, not autumn as the story stated, and that there were no pledges resident in the fraternity at the time Erdely claimed.

Washington Post reporters later interviewed the accuser at the center of Erdely's story and two of the friends that Rolling Stone said she had met on the night of the incident. The accuser told the Post that she had felt "manipulated" by Erdely, and claimed she asked Erdely to be taken out of the article, a request Erdely refused. Jackie had requested that her assailants not be contacted, and Rolling Stone agreed. Bruce Shapiro of Columbia University said that an engaged and empathetic reporter will be concerned about inflicting new trauma on the victim: "I do think that when the emotional valence of a story is this high, you really have to verify it." He also explained that experienced reporters often only work with women who feel strong enough to deal with the due diligence required to bring the article to publication.

The two friends confirmed to the Post that they remembered meeting "Jackie" on the night of the incident, that she was distraught but not visibly injured or bloodied, and that details she provided then were different from those in the Rolling Stone article. One friend, Ryan Duffin (called "Randall" in the Rolling Stone article), told the Washington Post that he had never spoken to any reporter from Rolling Stone, despite the fact that Erdely had claimed him as a source to corroborate the accuser's story.

Another questionable passage about "Cindy" (Kathryn Hendley), whom Erdely characterizes (without attribution) as a promiscuous "self-declared hookup queen", quotes her as saying that the described assault could have been "fun", and shows her as having instigated Jackie's abandonment by her friends. In the aftermath, "Cindy" told ABC News a different story, and states no effort was made by Rolling Stone to interview her, despite her being a central witness. Sandra Menendez, another student who claimed to have been interviewed by Erdely but who was not directly quoted in the piece, told CNN that she and others became uncomfortable after speaking with the reporter, concluding she had "an agenda."

Existence of "Drew"

The essay uses the pseudonym "Drew" to refer to a third-year student at the University of Virginia who takes Jackie to the fraternity party where the alleged rape takes place. "Drew" gives "instruction and encouragement" to the seven rapists. Jackie's friends in the story (whose real names are Ryan Duffin, Alex Stock, and Kathryn Hendley) have provided evidence that the man Rolling Stone calls "Drew" was electronically introduced to them as "Haven Monahan". Jackie forwarded messages from "Monahan" and "Monahan" exchanged messages with Jackie's friends, including sending a picture of "himself" directly to Ryan Duffin. Nonetheless, media investigations have determined that no "Haven Monahan" has attended the University of Virginia; the portrait of "Haven Monahan" is actually an image of a classmate of Jackie's in high school, who has never attended the University of Virginia; the three telephone numbers through which "Haven Monahan" contacted Jackie's friends are registered "internet telephone numbers" that "enable the user to make calls or send SMS text messages to telephones from a computer or iPad while creating the appearance that they are coming from a real phone"; and love letters written by Jackie and forwarded by "Haven Monahan" to Ryan Duffin are in fact largely plagiarized from scripts of the TV series Dawson's Creek and Scrubs.

"Haven Monahan," according to the Chicago Tribune, "ultimately appeared to be a combination of names belonging to people Jackie interacted with while in high school in Northern Virginia. Both of those people — who attend different colleges and bear no resemblance to the description Jackie gave of her attacker — said in interviews that they knew of Jackie but did not know her well and did not have contact with her after she left for the University of Virginia."

Rolling Stone apologizes

Erdely stood by her story, stating: "I am convinced that it could not have been done any other way, or any better."

On December 5, 2014, Rolling Stone published an online apology stating there appeared to be "discrepancies" in the accounts of Erdely's sources and that their trust in the accuser was misplaced. A subsequent tweet sent by Rolling Stone managing editor Will Dana offered further comment on Erdely's story: "e made a judgement – the kind of judgement reporters and editors make every day. And in this case, our judgement was wrong." On December 6 Rolling Stone updated the apology to say the mistakes and errors in the article were the fault of Rolling Stone and not of its sources.

According to the New York Observer, Rolling Stone deputy managing editor Sean Woods tendered his resignation to the magazine's owner, Jann Wenner. Wenner, who was reportedly "furious" at Erdely's story, declined to accept the resignation.

In the aftermath of their discredited story, Dana revealed, "Right now, we're picking up the pieces."

Controversy

Media reaction

A number of commentators accused the magazine of setting rape victims "back decades," while the Washington Post described the Rolling Stone story as a "catastrophe for journalism." Natasha Vargas-Cooper, a columnist at The Intercept, said that Erdely's decision not to interview the accused fraternity members showed "a horrendous, hidden bias ... the premise that none of these guys would tell the truth if asked," while a staff editorial in the Wall Street Journal charged that "Ms. Erdely did not construct a story based on facts, but went looking for facts to fit her theory." Lauren Kling of the Poynter Institute criticized Rolling Stone for "blaming source" instead of taking ownership of their own errors. Anna Merlan, a writer for Jezebel who had earlier called Reason columnist Robby Soave an "idiot" for expressing skepticism of the Rolling Stone story, declared "I was dead fucking wrong, and for that I sincerely apologize."

Fellow Jezebel writer Jia Tolentino wrote an analysis of Erdely's story and reported on fraternity rush after the Rolling Stone article was discredited. In it Tolentino stated, "Five years after I'd left the UVA Greek system, I read "A Rape on Campus" as an outsider account about a true problem, written by someone good at cherry-picking...So it took me a day or two to admit that I found many of Erdely's details unrecognizable. No one says "UVrApe"; no one I know has ever heard the Rugby Road-themed "traditional fight song" that poetically ("fuck for 50 cents"/"panties on the fence") separated the article's sections...Jackie was lying, and railroaded into the spotlight on a story that now appears to be a PTSD-laced delusional flashback."

On December 6, the Washington Post's media critic Erik Wemple called for all Rolling Stone staff involved with the story to be fired. Wemple posited that the claims presented by the magazine were so incredible that editors should have called for further inquiry before publication. "Under the scenario cited by Erdely," Erik Wemple wrote, "the Phi Kappa Psi members are not just criminal sexual-assault offenders, they're criminal sexual-assault conspiracists, planners, long-range schemers. If this allegation alone hadn't triggered an all-out scramble at Rolling Stone for more corroboration, nothing would have." An editorial in the Boston Herald declared "a fifth-grader would've done some basic fact-checking before potentially ruining men's lives" before repeating the call for the firing of Rolling Stone staff involved in the story.

Journalist Caitlin Flanagan, who wrote an expose in Atlantic Magazine titled "The Dark Power of Fraternities: A yearlong investigation of Greek houses", told On the Media she was concerned Erdely's article could inhibit reforms of the Greek System, "I think we've gone backwards 30 years. And I think the level of devastation that this Rolling Stone report that's now looking to go from a misremembered event to perhaps an actual hoax." Flanagan went on to note that "what Rolling Stone has pushed me into is that I have now become someone who is on the side of fraternities and defending fraternities."

Columnist Cathy Young said that the unraveling of Erdely's article, "exposed the troubling zealotry of advocates for whom believing rape claims is somewhat akin to a matter of religious faith." John Stossel for Reason commented that the story "proved to be a sort of gothic fantasy, a male-demonizing fantasy. It was absurd." The Daily Caller published 8 examples of "campus rape hoaxes eerily like the UVA rape story" that took place at several other schools such as Princeton University, Oberlin College, and George Washington University. "In each case, the cruel hoaxes were initially accepted as true. In some cases, real lives were ruined."

After two Vanderbilt University football players were convicted of rape on January 27, 2015, Richard Bradley, who was the first mainstream journalist to question the Rolling Stone story, wrote a blogpost titled, "Why Didn’t Sabrina Rubin Erdely Write about Vanderbilt?" In the post, he asked, "Is Vanderbilt just not as sexy a story as UVa?" Robby Soave in Reason's Hit & Run Blog answered Bradley's query about why Erdely chose UVa over Vanderbilt; he wrote, "At the end of the day, UVA's incredible story fit Erdely's narrative better than Vanderbilt's credible one. Erdely wanted to tell the story of a campus body and university administration behaving indifferently to an unspeakable crime." He further added, "What distinguished the UVA story from anything else ever reported was that the assault did not involve drugs or alcohol, required elaborate planning, and involved so many people that the perps could not have reasonably expected to get away with it—a confluence of factors that caused the allegations to have substantially more in common with ones that ultimately proved to be false, like the Duke lacrosse case and Tawana Brawley incident."

Local reaction

Students at the University of Virginia expressed "bewilderment and anger" following Rolling Stone's apology for its story, with one female student declaring "Rolling Stone threw a bomb at us." Virginia Attorney-General Mark Herring said he found it "deeply troubling that Rolling Stone magazine is now publicly walking away from its central storyline in its bombshell report on the University of Virginia without correcting what errors its editors believe were made."

Emily Renda, the university's project coordinator for sexual misconduct, policy and prevention declared that "Rolling Stone played adjudicator, investigator and advocate and did a slipshod job at that." Sociology professor W. Bradford Wilcox, meanwhile, tweeted that "I was wrong to give it credence." Writing in Politico two days after the "story fell apart," Julia Horowitz, deputy editor of the university's campus newspaper, described the feeling among students: "The campus—relatively oversaturated with emotion after a semester of significant trauma—feels as if it is on stand-by, poised in anticipation of where the next torrent of news will take us."

In an interview with The Daily Progress, President Sullivan discussed her surprise upon reading the Rolling Stone story. She recalled, "Almost from the beginning, we were reading the story with a certain air of disbelief. It was quite surprising. You can listen to my interview with Sabrina and see what Sabrina had talked to me about. And based on what we had talked about, I was plainly not prepared for what the story looked like. Nor do I think her characterization of my interview was fair." As shown in the audio recording of Sabrina Erdely's 44-minute interview with Sullivan, not once did Erdely ask about Jackie and her allegations. In emails obtained by the Washington Post under a Freedom of Information Act request, they revealed that Rolling Stone also never discussed Jackie with UVa officials.

Response of fraternity and sorority groups

Within days following the "unraveling" of the Rolling Stone story, the North American Interfraternity Conference, the National Panhellenic Council, and the Fraternity and Sorority Political Action Committee demanded that the University of Virginia "immediately reinstate operations for all fraternity and sorority organizations on campus" and issue an apology to Greek students. On December 8, the University of Virginia restated their original decision that the suspensions would be lifted on the resumption of classes in the new term, on January 9.

After Phi Kappa Psi was reinstated at the start of the 2015 Spring semester, UVa Phi Psi President Stephen Scipione said, “We are pleased that the University and the Charlottesville Police Department have cleared our fraternity of any involvement in this case...In today’s 24-hour news cycle, we all have a tendency to rush to judgment without having all of the facts in front of us. As a result, our fraternity was vandalized, our members ostracized based on false information.”

Accuser scrutinized

On December 8, 2014, ABC News reported that the person quoted by Erdely as alleging a rape at Phi Kappa Psi had retained an attorney. Quoting its legal consultant Mark Eiglarsh, the network reported that if Jackie "allegedly lied and that perpetrator suffered injury as a result, she could be sued for damages."

On December 10, 2014, the Washington Post published an updated account of its inquiry into the Rolling Stone article. According to an article in Slate, the Post account strongly implied Jackie's tale of rape had been fabricated in an attempt to win over "Randall", who had previously rebuffed her romantic advances. Writing in Slate, Hannah Rosin described the new Washington Post investigation as close "to calling the UVA gang rape story a fabrication". Emily Renda, who was a University of Virginia student at the time of the alleged attack and in whom Jackie also confided, said she had become suspicious as to the veracity of Jackie's story prior to the Rolling Stone report, commenting to a Washington Post editor that "I don't even know what I believe."

Key discrepancies in Jackie's allegation, according to The Washington Times

• In Erdely's story, Jackie is lured into an alleged seven-man rape by U. Va. upperclassman "Drew." Prior to the alleged event, Jackie provided evidence of her relationship with "Drew" to her friends by supplying "Drew"'s phone number, with whom Jackie's friends subsequently exchanged messages. The Washington Times determined "Drew"'s "telephone" and "blackberry" numbers were in fact "Internet phone numbers that enable the user to make calls or send SMS text messages to telephones from a computer or iPad while creating the appearance that they are coming from a real phone". "Drew" eventually sent a photo of "himself" to Jackie's friends, but "the man depicted in that photograph never attended U. Va," and was a high school classmate of Jackie.

Key discrepancies in Jackie's allegation, according to ABC News

• In Erdely's story, Jackie sinks into depression after the alleged rape, and holes up in her dorm room. Her friends, contrarily, told the ABC News crew she seemed fine after the alleged assault.
• In Erdely's story, Jackie tells her three friends the night of the alleged event that she was raped by seven men over a three-hour period while rolling on a mat of broken glass. The three friends disclosed to ABC News their actual names and went on record that on the night of the alleged event Jackie told them she was forced to perform oral sex on five men while a sixth stood by.

Key discrepancies in Jackie's allegation, according to Washington Post

• In Erdely's story, the rape was supposed to have occurred during a party at Phi Kappa Psi as part of a pledging ritual. Phi Kappa Psi countered by noting there had been no party held on the night of the alleged attack and no pledges resident in the house at that time of year. In response to those revelations, Jackie's father declared Phi Kappa Psi had been misidentified and the attack had occurred at a different fraternity, though he did not elaborate as to which one. However, that statement seemed to contradict an earlier assertion the accuser had made to the Washington Post in which she stated that "I know it was Phi Psi, because a year afterward, my friend pointed out the building to me."
• In Erdely's story, Jackie positively identified, to friends Cindy, Andy, and Randall, the identity of her date to the fraternity party and said he was the ringleader of the rape. Later media analysis of photos Jackie showed her friends of her date showed instead that they were pictures taken from the public social media profile of a former high school classmate of Jackie who was not a student of the University of Virginia, did not live in the Charlottesville area, and was out-of-state at an athletic competition the day of the alleged attack.
• Jackie's friends Cindy, Andy, and Randall had become suspicious as to whether Jackie's date to the fraternity party where she was allegedly raped was a real person. Prior to the date, they attempted to locate him in a student directory and were unable to find evidence he existed. The trio also sent text messages to a phone number Jackie said was the mobile phone of her date and were surprised that the owner of the phone number responded primarily with flattering messages about Randall, on whom Jackie was known to have had a crush.
• In 2012 Jackie told her friends she had been accosted by five men, though she later testified to Erdely she had been attacked by seven, with two more directing and encouraging the rape.
• According to Erdley, Jackie regained consciousness alone in the fraternity after 3 a.m. and fled the building blood spattered and bruised, phoning three friends for help. They arrived "minutes later" and found her on the corner next to the building. According to the Washington Post, however, the friends reported getting called at 1 a.m. and meeting Jackie a mile away from the fraternities. They also said that she appeared physically uninjured, despite reporting having been raped over a period of three hours on "broken glass" and punched in the face at least once.

Consequences for the University, falsely-accused students, former students, and sororities

The Washington Post reported that the falsely accused University of Virginia students "went into hiding for weeks after their home was vandalized with spray paint calling them rapists and bricks that broke their windows," and had to escape to hotels. The report indicated the college students suffered disgust, emotion, and confusion. Some students "actually had to leave the room while they were reading because they were so upset." A former student who graduated in 2013 said "the day came out was the most emotionally grueling of my life."

One month after the publication of the Rolling Stone article, the Rector of the University of Virginia, George Keith Martin, accused the magazine of "drive-by journalism" when he stated, "Like a neighborhood thrown into chaos by drive-by violence, our tightly knit community has experienced the full fury of drive-by journalism in the 21st century."

On January 30, 2015, Teresa Sullivan, the President of the University of Virginia, acknowledged that the Rolling Stone story was "discredited" in her State of the University Address. In her remarks, she said, "Before the Rolling Stone story was discredited, it seemed to resonate with some people simply because it confirmed their darkest suspicions about universities—that administrations are corrupt; that today's students are reckless and irresponsible; that fraternities are hot-beds of deviant behavior. Working together, we have soundly refuted those suspicions through our actions over the past two months. ... The story unfairly maligned UVa and many members of our community."

The Rolling Stone article had a negative effect on applications to the University of Virginia. For the first time since 2002, applications to the University dropped. Prior to the publication of the discredited story, Early Action applications were up 7.5 percent with 16,187 applicants. However overall applications were down 0.7 percent to 31,107 in the aftermath of the publication.

Despite the article being discredited and that no fraternity member was charged and convicted of a crime, national sorority leaders ordered UVa sororities to not interact with fraternities during Boys Bid Night when fraternities admit new pledges. Virginia sorority members were outraged calling the restrictions "unnecessary and patronizing."

Legal and social consequences of story

Due to increased social skepticism about the prevalence of sexual assault created by the unraveling of Erdely's Rolling Stone report, the Military Justice Improvement Act will be "much harder" to enact, according to Margaret Carlson. Lindy West said that female rape victims will probably be less likely to report sexual assaults for fear of being questioned by "some teenage 4Channer." Froma Harrop issued a call for media outlets to begin to publicly name rape accusers, explaining that "reporters and editors should expand their sensitivities to include the reputations of those accused, not always justly."

Several commentators observed that allegations of rape against Bill Cosby, which surfaced at the same time as the publication of A Rape on Campus, would be less damaging to the comedian as a result of the seeming collapse of the Rolling Stone story. When Camille Cosby spoke about the rape allegations against her husband Bill Cosby, she said, "We all followed the story of the article in the Rolling Stone concerning allegations of rape at the University of Virginia. The story was heart-breaking, but ultimately appears to be proved untrue. Many in the media were quick to link that story to stories about my husband – until that story unwound." Writing for Bloomberg, Zara Kessler observed that, "suddenly, every Cosby accuser is a potential "Jackie"—although we don't yet know precisely what it means to be a "Jackie." How honest are the intentions of Cosby's accusers?"

Other individuals and organizations have begun to reference the discredited Rolling Stone article when they want to disprove a claim or accusation. For example, when HBO announced that it was producing “Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief,” a documentary critical of the Church of Scientology, church leaders called the film “a Rolling Stone/UVA Redux.”

In Los Angeles, street artist Sabo papered Hollywood with posters styled like a Rolling Stone cover featuring the headline "Rape Fantasies and Why We Perpetuate Them." The poster featured an image of Lena Dunham, whose own allegations of rape had recently come under scrutiny, and included a sidebar reference to A Rape on Campus that read "Our UVA Rape Apology: Ooops, we did it AGAIN!!!"

The North American Interfraternity Conference and the National Panhellenic Council, meanwhile, have announced they have retained the services of Squire Patton Boggs to lobby the U.S. Congress to take action to ensure that Greek-letter organizations are protected from future accusations of the kind leveled in Erdely's article.

National Review columnist Jonah Goldberg has called for Phi Kappa Psi to sue Rolling Stone, while at least one legal expert has opined there is a high likelihood of "civil lawsuits by the fraternity members or by the fraternity itself against the magazine and maybe even some university officials." ABC News has reported the accuser, "Jackie," herself might be sued. By December 5, 2014, Christopher Pivik, a former member of Phi Kappa Psi at the University of Virginia, had retained attorney Andrew Miltenberg. According to Miltenberg, he specializes in "defamation and complex internet and First Amendment issues." After the Charlottesville Police concluded that there's no evidence of a crime occurring at Phi Kappa Psi during their press conference on March 23, 2015, the fraternity's UVa Chapter stated that they may sue Rolling Stone for defamation. Chapter President Stephen Scipione added that the "false accusations have been extremely damaging to our entire organization, but we can only begin to imagine the setback this must have dealt to survivors of sexual assault."

Phi Kappa Psi's national headquarters released the following statement. "That Rolling Stone sought to turn fiction into fact is shameful...The discredited article has done significant damage to the ability of the chapter's members to succeed in their educational pursuits and besmirched the character of undergraduate students at the University of Virginia who did not deserve the spotlight of the media." They went on to call for Rolling Stone to "fully and unconditionally retract its story and immediately remove the story from its website."

Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple stated that everyone connected to this story at Rolling Stone should be fired. After the Charlottesville Police made their official report, Wemple exclaimed, "What is left of the Rolling Stone piece? Very little. There’s some reporting on the university’s culture, which shouldn’t be taken seriously in light of the fraud exposed by the police; there’s some reporting on the university leadership’s approach to the issue, which shouldn’t be taken seriously in light of the fraud exposed by the police."

Media sources and commentators discussed the UVA allegations in the context of the reported "rape culture" or a rampant sexual assault epidemic that activists had claimed existed on US college campuses. The media commentators noted that the claims of a rape culture's existence on campuses was not supported by US government statistics or other measures. Harvey A. Silverglate in the Boston Globe referenced the Rolling Stone article in opining that the college sexual assault "scare" follows a long tradition of runaway, exaggerated social epidemics that, " have ruined innocent lives and corrupted justice. A return to sanity is called for before more wreckage occurs."

Police investigation

On January 12, 2015, the University of Virginia reinstated the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity after the police investigation concluded that no incident had occurred at the fraternity. According to Charlottesville Police Capt. Gary Pleasants, Phi Kappa Psi has been cleared; "We found no basis to believe that an incident occurred at that fraternity, so there's no reason to keep them suspended." On March 23, 2015, police noted that "Jackie" refused to cooperate with law enforcement during the investigation. Charlottesville Police Chief Timothy Longo explained, "We would’ve loved to have had Jackie come in ... and tell us what happened so we can obtain justice ... even if the facts were different."

Over the course of 4 months, the Charlottesville Police spoke to 70 people, including Jackie's friends, Phi Kappa Psi fraternity brothers, and employees at the UVa Aquatic Center, where Jackie worked. No one supplied evidence to corroborate with Jackie's accusations of a gang rape happening at Phi Kappa Psi or that the accused rapist, supposedly named "Drew" or "Haven Monahan," even existed. The police were also unable to corraborate Jackie's allegations that two other sexual assaults had taken place at the fraternity house or that she had been assaulted and hit in the face by a bottle in a separate incident. Therefore, the criminal investigation was suspended.

Columbia University School of Journalism's investigation

Through a Freedom of Information Act request by J.K. Trotter of Gawker, it has been revealed that Columbia University researcher Derek Kravitz has been investigating the Rolling Stone story. Kravitz has begun questioning Emily Renda, who introduced Jackie to Rolling Stone writer Sabrina Erdely.

In an email to the Huffington Post, Columbia Journalism School Dean Steve Coll stated that they "have made good progress on our interviews, document reviews and other research. We are starting to draft the report and hope to complete it as soon as possible."

See also

• False accusation of rape
• Duke lacrosse case – a widely-reported 2006 case of a false accusation of rape at Duke University

References

1. "Rolling Stone Fact-Checker Didn't Ask About Alleged Rape Victim in Emails With UVA Officials". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
2. ^ Rubin, Sabrina (2014-11-19). "A Rape on Campus: A Brutal Assault and Struggle for Justice at UVA". Rollingstone.com. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
3. Uberti, David (22 December 2014). "The worst journalism of 2014". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
4. "The year in media errors and corrections 2014". Poynter.org. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
5. "Rolling Stone farms out review of U-Va. rape story to Columbia Journalism School". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
6. "Veteran Filipino investigative journalist takes on new challenge in Big Apple". Chronicle Podcasts. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
7. "Phi Kappa Psi Reinstated at the University of Virginia". UVA Today. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
8. "Police Investigation Clears UVA Phi Psi Fraternity". Businessinsider.com. 2015-01-12. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
9. Schow, Ashe (January 30, 2015). "U.Va. president admits rape story was false; keeps restrictions on fraternities". Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
10. Robinson, Owen; Stolberg, Sheryl. "Police Find No Evidence of Rape at UVA Fraternity". New York Times. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
11. ^ Erik Wemple (March 23, 2015). "Charlottesville police make clear that Rolling Stone story is a complete crock". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
12. Goldberg, Jonah (1 December 2014). "Rolling Stone rape story sends shock waves – and stretches credulity". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
13. ^ Wemple, Erik (8 December 2014). "Updated apology digs bigger hole for Rolling Stone". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 December 2014. Cite error: The named reference "wapo1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
14. ^ "New Questions Raised About Rolling Stone's UVA Rape Story". ABC News. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
15. ^ Somaiya, Ravi (2 December 2014). "Magazine's Account of Gang Rape on Virginia Campus Comes Under Scrutiny". New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
16. McDonald, Michael (3 December 2014). "UVA Faculty Propose Extending Frat Ban Through School Year". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
17. Downes, Colin. "Greek Gangs". Slate.
18. "The Cavalier Daily :: BERNSTEIN: Starting at the top". cavalierdaily.com. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
19. "UVA Fraternity House Vandalized". WVIR-TV. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
20. "Rolling Stone University of Virginia rape story sparked unpunished rampage". Washingtontimes.com. 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
21. ^ Horowitz, Julia (6 December 2014). "Why We Believed Jackie's Rape Story". Politico. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
22. Seal, Dean (23 November 2014). "Hundreds protest at UVa; student says memorial to victims vandalized". The Daily Progress. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
23. Dickerson, Jenna (22 November 2014). "Protest outside Phi Kappa Psi house leads to four arrests". Cavalier Daily. Charlottesville, VA. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
24. "The Governing Board of the Inter-Fraternity Council at UVa" (PDF). UVa Interfraternity Council. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
25. "Rolling Stone Reporter Reportedly 'Re-Reports' Story". Dailycaller.com. 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
26. "Shots in the Dark". richardbradley.net. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
27. Sailer, Steve (December 13, 2014). "A Rape Hoax for Book Lovers". Taki's Magazine. Retrieved January 6, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
28. Shapiro, Rees (5 December 2014). "Key elements of Rolling Stone's U-Va. gang rape allegations in doubt". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
29. Moynihan, Michael (4 December 2014). "Why It Was Right to Question Rolling Stones UVA Rape Story". Daily Beast. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
30. ^ Roslin, Hannah. "The Missing Men". Slate. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
31. "Rolling Stone Never Interviewed UVA Frat Bros Accused of Gang Rape". Gawker. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
32. "It matters how Rolling Stone reported its UVA rape story". poynter.org. Poynter Institute. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
33. Shapiro, Rees (20 November 2014). "McAuliffe urges investigation at U-Va. after Rolling Stone depiction of sexual assault". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
34. "Official Statement from the Virginia Alpha Chapter of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at the University of Virginia". phikappapsi.com. Phi Kappa Psi. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
35. "Magazine's Account of Gang Rape on Virginia Campus Comes Under Scrutiny". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
36. "Rolling Stone Tries to Regroup After Campus Rape Article is Disputed". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
37. Shapiro, T. Rees (5 December 2014). "Key elements of Rolling Stone's U-Va. gang rape allegations in doubt". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
38. Shapiro, T. Rees (6 December 2014). "U-Va. remains resolved to address sexual violence as Rolling Stone account unravels". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
39. Davidson, Amy (11 December 2014). "What Rolling Stone Did to 'Cindy'". The New Yorker. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
40. Stelter, Brian (7 December 2014). "Rolling Stone apologizes for rape article: What now?". CNN. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
41. ABC News. "Correction: UVa Fraternity-Rolling Stone Story". ABC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
42. "There's More Bizarre Evidence That UVA Student Jackie's Alleged Rapist Doesn't Exist". Business Insider. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
43. Sara Ganim and Ray Sanchez, CNN (17 December 2014). "Friends' accounts differ from victim in UVA rape story - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 23 December 2014. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
44. Hadas Gold. "More problems with the Rolling Stone piece". POLITICO. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
45. "U-Va. students challenge Rolling Stone account of alleged sexual assault". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
46. ^ "U.Va. rape accuser's friends begin to doubt story – Washington Times". The Washingtion Times. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
47. "Did UVA Student Plagiarize 'Dawson's Creek'? – The Daily Caller". The Daily Caller. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
48. "What UVA Student Jackie Wrote in Email About A Friend She Liked – The Daily Caller". The Daily Caller. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
49. Sailer, Steve. "The literary sources of Haven Monahan's glitch in the matrix email". The Unz Review. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
50. "CNN – Who is Haven Monahan? Jackie, the alleged victim of... – Facebook". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
51. T. Rees Shapiro (March 23, 2015). "Police: No evidence of gang rape at University of Virginia". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 24, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
52. "A Note to Our Readers". Rolling Stone. December 5, 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
53. Mai-Duc, Christine (6 December 2014). "Rolling Stone editor: 'Failure is on us' in UVA gang rape story". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
54. Holley, Peter (7 December 2014). "After apology, Rolling Stone changes its story once more". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
55. Kurson, Ken (9 December 2014). "Rolling Stone Deputy Editor Tendered Resignation; Wenner Declines". New York Observer. New York, NY. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
56. Solimaiya, Ravi (December 7, 2014). "Rolling Stone Tries to Regroup After Campus Rape Article Is Disputed". New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
57. "Rolling Stone just wrecked an incredible year of progress for rape victims". The Verge. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
58. Schow, Ashe (3 December 2014). "If false, Rolling Stone story could set rape victims back decades". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
59. "Like a Rolling Stone". Wall Street Journal. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
60. Vargas-Cooper, Natasha (5 December 2014). "Hey, Feminist Internet Collective: Good Reporting Does Not Have To Be Sensitive". The Intercept. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
61. Merlan, Anna (5 December 2014). "Rolling Stone backs off story of alleged fraternity rape at UVA". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
62. Merlan, Anna (5 December 2014). "Rolling Stone Partially Retracts UVA Story Over 'Discrepancies'". Jezebel. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
63. Tolentino, Jia (January 28, 2015). "Rush After 'A Rape On Campus': A UVA Alum Goes Back to Rugby Road". Jezebel. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
64. "Apparently, this Rolling Stone gathers no facts". Boston Herald. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
65. "SPECIAL: The UVA Story". On the Media. 6 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
66. Cathy Young (2014-12-31). "A Better Feminism for 2015". Time.com. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
67. Stossel, John (March 4, 2015). "Raping Culture". Reason. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
68. Owens, Eric (December 14, 2014). "Here Are EIGHT Campus Rape Hoaxes Eerily Like The UVA Rape Story". The Daily Caller. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
69. Bradley, Richard (January 27, 2015). "Why Didn't Sabrina Rubin Erdely Write about Vanderbilt?". Shots In The Dark. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
70. "Jury: Ex-Vandy players guilty of rape". ESPN. January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
71. Soave, Robby (January 28, 2015). "Why Did Rolling Stone Writer Choose UVA, Not Vanderbilt, for Gang Rape Exposé?". Reason. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
72. Lauerman, John; McDonald, Michael (December 6, 2014). "UVA Anger Focused on Rolling Stone After Rape Story Discredited". Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
73. "Advocates Fear Impact of Rolling Stone Apology". Fox News. Associated Press. 6 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
74. Dreher, Rod (5 December 2014). "Rolling Stone Rolls Off Cliff". American Conservative. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
75. "UVa's Sullivan reflects on tenure, Rolling Stone controversy, student privacy laws". The Daily Progress. January 31, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
76. Farhi, Paul (December 19, 2014). "Rolling Stone never asked U-Va. about specific gang rape allegations, according to newly released e-mails and audio recording". Washington Post. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
77. "University urged to end Greek groups' suspension". Philadelphia Inquirer. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
78. "UVA Issues Statement Regarding Fraternal Suspension". WVIR-TV. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
79. "Police clear U-Va. fraternity, say rape did not happen there". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
80. ^ Davis, Lindsay (8 December 2014). "UVA Student in Rolling Stone Rape Story Reportedly Hires Attorney". ABC News. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
81. Rosin, Hannah (10 December 2014). "The Washington Post Inches Closer to Calling the UVA Gang Rape Story a Fabrication". Slate. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
82. Dreher, Rod (10 December 2014). "Did Jackie Make The Whole Thing Up?". American Conservative. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
83. ABC News. "New Questions Raised About Rolling Stone's UVA Rape Story". ABC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
84. Fagge, Nick (8 December 2014). "EXCLUSIVE: 'My daughter told the truth'". Daily Mail. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
85. ^ Shapiro, T. Rees (11 December 2014). "U-Va. students challenge Rolling Stone account of alleged sexual assault". Washington Post. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
86. Byers, Dylan (10 December 2014). "U-Va. students challenge Rolling Stone account of alleged sexual assault". Politico. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
87. "U-Va. Phi Psi members speak about impact of discredited gang rape allegations". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
88. Anderson, Nick (2014-12-19). "U-Va. board leader denounces 'drive-by journalism' of Rolling Stone's rape article". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
89. "Prepared Remarks for Presidential Address on the University" (Press release). University of Virginia. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
90. Ross, Chuck (January 30, 2015). "UVA President Admits Rolling Stone Gang Rape Article Is 'Discredited'". Daily Caller. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
91. Staiti, Chris (2015-01-15). "UVA Applications Drop in Wake of Discredited Gang-Rape Story - Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
92. "Party Ban Is Patronizing, U.Va. Sorority Women Say". MPBN News. January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
93. Carlson, Margaret (9 December 2014). "Rolling Stone may have crushed anti-rape bill". News Journal. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
94. West, Lindy (9 December 2014). "Rolling Stone threw a rape victim to the misogynist horde". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
95. Harrop, Froma (9 December 2014). "Make rape identities public". The Times (Shreveport). Retrieved 9 December 2014.
96. Moraski, Lauren (December 15, 2014). "Bill Cosby's Wife Camille Speaks Up". CBS News. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
97. Kessler, Zara (8 December 2014). "Bill Cosby Should Thank Rolling Stone". Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
98. Cieply, Michael (January 15, 2015). "Documentary Draws Ire From the Church of Scientology". NY Times. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
99. Dount, Tina (8 December 2014). "Street Artist Sabo Blasts Lena Dunham, Bill Clinton in Fake Rolling Stone Covers". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
100. Severns, Maggie (7 December 2014). "Greek leaders go on the offensive at UVA". Politico. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
101. Goldberg, Jonah (5 December 2014). "Rolling Stone Crumbles". National Review. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
102. "Civil, Criminal Lawsuits: Possible Outcomes of Rolling Stone Expose". WCAV-TV. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
103. "Former UVA Fraternity Member Hires Lawyer Who Specializes in Sex Assault Cases". BuzzFeed. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
104. "Andrew T. Miltenberg". Nielsonoff & Miltenberg. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
105. ^ Ashley Collman (March 23, 2015). "Fraternity set to sue after police suspend UVA rape investigation because there is NO evidence of a crime and the member victim 'Jackie' named does not seem to exist at all". Daily Mail. Retrieved March 24, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
106. John Bacon & Marison Bello (March 23, 2015). "Police unable to verify 'Rolling Stone' rape story". USA Today. Retrieved March 24, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
107. "Rolling Stone's disastrous U-Va. story: A case of real media bias". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
108. "Campus sexual assault under fresh scrutiny after new survey shows lower incidence : News". Stltoday.com. 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
109. "Sex crimes on campus: Professors as judges". Economist.com. 2014-12-06. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
110. "The great campus rape hoax: Column". Usatoday.com. 2014-12-15. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
111. "The new panic: campus sex assaults - Opinion". Bostonglobe.com. 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-03-14.
112. "Police clear U-Va. fraternity, say rape did not happen there". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
113. Couric, Katie, "UVA rape investigation: Police say no evidence to support allegations reported by Rolling Stone", Yahoo! News, 23 March 2014
114. Larry O'Dell (March 23, 2015). "Police: No Evidence of Gang-Rape at University of Virginia". ABC News. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
115. Sterne, Peter (February 11, 2015). "Emails shed light on Rolling Stone campus rape investigation". Capital New York. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
116. Calderone, Michael (February 8, 2015). "Rolling Stone Editor Comments On Brian Williams Mess, But Still Silent On Discredited UVA Story". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2015. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

External links

• Rolling Stone: 'A Rape On Campus'

• Media-related controversies in the United States
• Rolling Stone articles
• False allegations of sex crimes
• Sexual abuse
• 2014 works
• Rape in the United States
• University of Virginia
• Phi Kappa Psi
• 2014 controversies