| Revision as of 18:18, 5 April 2015 edit14.139.43.201 (talk) →Geography← Previous edit | Revision as of 18:23, 5 April 2015 edit undo14.139.43.201 (talk)No edit summaryTag: section blankingNext edit → | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
| Ghazipur is well known for its ] factory, established by the ] in 1820 and still the biggest legal opium factory in the world, producing the drug for the global pharmaceutical industry.<ref name=Paxman>{{cite book|authorlink=Jeremy Paxman|first=Jeremy|last=Paxman|title=Empire:What Ruling the World Did to the British|year=2011|publisher=]|place=London|chapter=Chapter 3}}</ref> The city's perfume industry, especially its production of rose oil and attar of roses has also long been famous. A Ghazipur firm won a medal for these products at the ], and the perfume industry remains important. Other important constituents of the city's commercial life include handloom weaving factories, and Ghazipur's role as the market town for its surrounding rural and farming areas. | Ghazipur is well known for its ] factory, established by the ] in 1820 and still the biggest legal opium factory in the world, producing the drug for the global pharmaceutical industry.<ref name=Paxman>{{cite book|authorlink=Jeremy Paxman|first=Jeremy|last=Paxman|title=Empire:What Ruling the World Did to the British|year=2011|publisher=]|place=London|chapter=Chapter 3}}</ref> The city's perfume industry, especially its production of rose oil and attar of roses has also long been famous. A Ghazipur firm won a medal for these products at the ], and the perfume industry remains important. Other important constituents of the city's commercial life include handloom weaving factories, and Ghazipur's role as the market town for its surrounding rural and farming areas. | ||
| Sights in the city include several monuments built by Nawab Shaikh Abdulla, or Abdullah Khan, a governor of Ghazipur during the ] in the eighteenth century, and his son. These include the palace known as Chihal Satun, or "forty pillars", which retains a very impressive gateway although the palace is in ruins, and the large garden with a ] and a tomb called the Nawab-ki-Chahar-diwari.<ref name="PlacesOfInterest" /><ref name="Hunter">{{cite book |last = Hunter | first = William Wilson | authorlink = William Wilson Hunter | year = 1908 | title = The Imperial Gazetteer of India | volume = XII | publisher = Clarendon Press | place = Oxford | pages = 230–231}}</ref> The mosque near this tomb was probably originally a Hindu building.<ref name="Fuhrer">{{cite book |last = Führer | first = Alois Anton | authorlink = Anton Alois Führer | year = 1891 | title = Archaeological Survey of India: The Monumental Antiquities and Inscriptions in the North-Western Province and Oudh | volume = XII | publisher = Superintendent, Government Press | place = Allahabad | page = 231}}</ref> The road that starts at the Nawab-ki-Chahar-diwari tomb and runs past the mosque leads, after 10 km, to a ] devoted to ].<ref name="PlacesOfInterest" /> The tank and tomb of Pahar Khan, ] of the city in 1580, and the plain but ancient tombs of the founder, Masud, and his son are also in Ghazipur, as is the tomb of ], one of the major figures of Indian and British history.<ref name="Fuhrer" /> Cornwallis is famous for his role in the ], and then for ], being said to have laid the true foundation of British rule. He was later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, there suppressing the ] and establishing the ]. He died in Ghazipur in 1805, soon after his returning to India for his second appointment as Governor-General. His tomb, overlooking the Ganges, is a heavy dome supported on 12 Doric columns above a cenotaph carved by ].<ref name="Hunter" /> The remains of an ancient mud fort also overlook the river, while there are many beautiful or impressive ]s leading to the Ganges, the oldest of which is the ChitNath Ghat.<ref name="PlacesOfInterest" /><ref name="Fuhrer" /> | |||
| Ghazipur is nearest to the UP-Bihar border. The home tongue at the place is ]. Ghazipur UP borders the important spiritual city of Varanasi and is located about 80 km east of ] UP and 50 km from Buxar which is the entry point of Bihar state. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| ] | |||
| As per the verbal and folk history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghazipur.nic.in/history.htm |title=Ghazipur That is known as Gadhipuri |publisher=Ghazipur.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> Ghazipur was covered with dense forest during the Vedic era and it was a place for ashrams of saints during that period. The place is related to the ] period. Maharshi ], the father of Maharshi ], is said to have resided here.<ref>{{cite web|author=Yann Picand, Dominique Dutoit |url=http://dictionary.sensagent.com/ghazipur/en-en/ |title=Ghazipur : definition of ghazipur and synonym of ghazipur (English) |publisher=Dictionary.sensagent.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> The famous ] and ] were given teaching and sermon here in ancient period. ] gave his first sermon in ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_up_sarnath.asp |title=Sarnath Buddhist Pilgrimage - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India |publisher=Asi.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> which is not far from the here.<ref name="PlacesOfInterest">{{cite web|url=http://ghazipur.nic.in/placeofinterest.htm |title=Places of Interest of District Ghazipur |publisher=Ghazipur.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> The Aurihar region of Ghazipur became the main centre of teachings of Lord Buddha. Many stupas and pillars are the main evidence of that period. Chinese traveller ] visited this area and has described this place as Chanchu "Kingdom of the Lord of battles." | |||
| The region has been active in India Independence Movement. The celebrated hero of ] (which is also referred as Sepoy Mutiny) ] belonged to that time of ] area (now part of ]). The famous Raju Baxi revolt is also associated with this place where the farmers revolted against the British and set fire to several indigo godowns. This place has played a significant role in the Indian National movement. During the Home Rule movement and the Quit India movement people of Ghazipur took part courageously and fearlessly. During Quit India movement, ] is historical place of India where many warriors were born. On 18 August 1942 a group of freedom fighters of Sherpur Village under the leadership of Dr Shiv Pujan Rai hoisted the Tricoloure at ] Tehsil. | |||
| ==Geography== | |||
| Ghazipur is located at {{Coord|25.58|N|83.57|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Ghazipur.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Ghazipur |publisher=Fallingrain.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 62 metres (203 feet). The city of Ghazipur is located in the middle ] valley of North India, in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, along the left is bank of the Ganges river. It is the headquarters of the Ghazipur district. The city nearly stretches parallel to the river Ganges. Its neighbouring cities are Varanasi, Jaunpur, Buxar in Bihar, Ballia, Mau, Chandauli and Azamgarh. Initially Ballia and Mau were part of Ghazipur district but latter were made separate districts. Being located in the plains of the Ganges, the soil is alluvial type and is fertile because of low level floods continually replenish the soil. This makes agriculture the most important profession of the people. The town is predominantly agrarian and so is the economy. The district is divided into four major sub parts. | |||
| ==Demographics== | |||
| As per provisional data of 2011 census, Ghazipur urban agglomeration had a population of 121,136, out of which males were 63,689 and females were 57,447. Males constituted 52.57% of the population while females constituted 47.43% of the population. The literacy rate of Ghazipur urban agglomeration was 84.97% (higher than the national average of 74.04%) of which male literacy was 90.23% and female literacy was 79.17%.Sex ratio of Ghazipur urban agglomeration was found to be 902. Ghazipur urban agglomeration consist of Ghazipur, Kapoorpur, Mishrolia Madhopur, and Razdepur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = |accessdate = 2012-07-07 }}</ref> | |||
| {{see also|List of cities in Uttar Pradesh}} | |||
| {{As of|2011}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Ghazipur city had a population of 1,10,698, out of which males were 58,126 and females were 52,572. Males constituted 52.5% of the population and females constituted 47.5% of the population. Ghazipur has an average literacy rate of 85.46% (higher than the national average of 74.04%) of which male literacy is 90.61% and female literacy is 79.79%. 11.46% of the population is under 6 years of age and the sex ratio is 904. | |||
| {{bar box | |||
| |title=Religions in Ghazipur | |||
| |titlebar=#Fcd116 | |||
| |left1=Religion | |||
| |right1=Percent | |||
| |float=right | |||
| |bars= | |||
| {{bar percent|]|orange|75}} | |||
| {{bar percent|]|green|22.2}} | |||
| {{bar percent|]|pink|1.4}} | |||
| {{bar percent|Others†|black|0.6}} | |||
| |caption=Distribution of religions<br /> | |||
| †<small>Includes ]s (0.2%), ] (<0.2%).</small> | |||
| }} | |||
| ==Literature and Celebs== | |||
| Ghazipur is one of the most eastern district of Uttar Pradesh in India. The place has been notably famous for its literary contribution to India and to the world as a whole, in the field of literature. Major names include Dr. Raahi Masoom Raza, Dr. Kuber Nath Rai, Dr. Viveki Rai, Pt. Ravi Shankar, Pt. Uday Shankar, Zafar, Satara Devi, Nazir Hussain. | |||
| Amongst the people stated above, Dr. Raahi Masoom Raza is famous for being the dialogue writer of the first Mahabharata aired on Doordarshan. He also authored 'Neem Ka Ped', another serial on DD National. Gopal Ram Gahmari- Born in 1856 in Village Gahmar was a famous detective novel writer of the district. He also wrote other types of novel Chatura Chanchla, Madhvi, Kankara, Bhanumati. | |||
| ==Trade and Industries== | |||
| A larger percentage of the population lives in the rural area. The Municipal Area is small as compared to other cities nearby. It is poorly developed despite being a very important city which was also a Port City under British rule. A military cantonment built by the British now houses a college and a colony for administrative officers and their subordinates. | |||
| The airport of Ghazipur was a commanding airport of most of the eastern part of the upper and western part of Bihar in those days, but now it remains vacant and is used when for VIP arrivals to Ghazipur or nearby areas. It is situated on the outer side of the city and is poorly maintained. Although being centrally located and near to Varansi, Ghazipur is lying quite low in terms of standard of living and education along with employment. People are either working as farmers or trying to go to Gulf countries, there is not any scope for them apart from migrating from their native places. The Government must start taking some urgent initiatives to stop the migration and provide proper oppurtunites to its people. | |||
| ===Ghazipur Opium Factory=== | |||
| The opium factory located in the city was established by the British and continues to be a major source of opium production in India. It is known as the Opium Factory Ghazipur or, more formally, the Government Opium and Alkaloid Works. It is the largest factory of its kind in the country and indeed the world.<ref name="ghosh">{{cite web|publisher=]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7460682.stm|title=Opium financed British rule in India (interview with Amitav Ghosh)|first=|last=|date=23 June 2008|accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref> The factory was initially run by the ] and was used by the British during the ] and ]s with China.<ref name="Paxman" /> The factory as such was founded in 1820 though the British had been trading Ghazipur opium before that. Nowadays its output is entirely above board, controlled legally by the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act and Rules (1985) and administratively by the Indian government ], overseen by a committee and a ].<ref name="bihartimes">{{cite news|url=http://www.bihartimes.in/articles/amarnath/opium.html|title=A Visit to Gazipur Factory...A sea of surprise|publisher=]|accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref> The factory's output serves the global pharmaceutical industry. Until 1943 the factory only produced raw opium extracts from . | |||
| ==Constituencies== | |||
| ] Parliamentary constituencies and the Vidhan Sabha ] constituencies after ]. 75-Ghazipur ] and 74- Ballia ], Vidhan Sabha-373 ], 374 ] (SC), 375 ], 376 ] (SC), 379 ], ] and ]. The latter two are shifted to ] ]. Earlier ], (Ghazipur) Lok sabha seat, ] & ] seat of vidhan Sabha were also in existence, but they are demolished under new parameters. | |||
| ==Rails, roads, waterways and airport== | ==Rails, roads, waterways and airport== | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 5 April 2015
For other uses, see Ghazipur (disambiguation).
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
| Ghazipur
गाज़ीपुर غازیپور | |
|---|---|
| City | |
 The Tomb of Lord Cornwallis, Governor-General of British India | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Ghazipur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Council |
| • Body | Ghazipur Municipal Council |
| • Chairman | Vinod Kumar Agrawal |
| Area | |
| • Total | 20 km (8 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 121,136 |
| • Rank | 391 |
| • Density | 6,056/km (15,680/sq mi) |
| • Sex ratio | 902 ♀/♂ |
| Demonym | Ghazipuri |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 233001 |
| Telephone code | 91-548 |
| Vehicle registration | UP 61 |
| Website | www |
| Famous for Ghats, Opium Factory and Flower Business | |
Ghazipur (Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-ur, previously spelled Ghazeepore, Gauspur, and Ghazipour), is a city and municipal corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ghazipur city is the administrative headquarters of the Ghazipur district, one of the four districts that form the Varanasi division of Uttar Pradesh. The city of Ghazipur also constitutes one of the five distinct tehsils, or subdivisions, of the Ghazipur district. Hindu tradition associates Ghazipur with a Raja Gaadhi, father of Vishwamitra Maharshi, the great rishi regarded as a Hindu saint, but although the area was an administrative center since the Gupta Empire, Ghazipur probably derives its name from the sayyid Masud, given the title Ghazi, who defeated the local Raja and established a town around 1330 CE. Located by the Ganges, Ghazipur was a strategically important river port during the British rule of India.
Ghazipur is well known for its opium factory, established by the British East India Company in 1820 and still the biggest legal opium factory in the world, producing the drug for the global pharmaceutical industry. The city's perfume industry, especially its production of rose oil and attar of roses has also long been famous. A Ghazipur firm won a medal for these products at the British Empire Exhibition, and the perfume industry remains important. Other important constituents of the city's commercial life include handloom weaving factories, and Ghazipur's role as the market town for its surrounding rural and farming areas.
Rails, roads, waterways and airport
Ghazipur is the major railhead of the North Eastern Railway Zone, Varanasi Division. Ghazipur City station serves as major railway station of city. Ghazipur Ghat is a halt station situated 7 km from city. Tari Ghat station of ECR, Danapur Division near city approx. 10 km byroad connects Ghazipur to Mughalsarai by a routine passenger train. Dildarnagar ECR on Delhi-Patna-Howrah route and Aurihar Jn (N.E. Railway) on Varanasi-Ghazipur and Varanasi-Gorakhpur route are important Junctions.
Ghazipur is directly connected by Lucknow, New Delhi, Mumbai, Guwahati, Amritsar, Chennai by routine trains. Pawan Express, Ganga Kaveri Express, Dibrugarh Express, Harihar Express, Sadbhawna Express, Swatantra Senani and Sarnath Express are some important trains from Ghazipur City Station. Railway Station--Ghazipur City Railway Station is the most important station in district. Dildarnagar Jn, Zamania and Aurihar Jn also serves as good stations. Yusufpur, Sadat, Dullahpur, Jakhania and Ghazipur Ghat are others small stations which serves for a mass of population. Saidpur, Karimuddinpur, Gahmar, Nandganj are also some stations connected by routine trains between Varanasi-Ghazipur-Chappra route and Mughalsarai-Patna route. There is no major railway station in the district and mostly people are forced to go to nearby Buxar station. If the government can make the existing stations a bit more modern and major trains start having stoppages in them then it would become quite convenient for the local people.
Waterways
Main article: National Waterway 1 (India)Ghazipur is an important waterway port on river Ganges between Haldia to Allahabad.
Transport
In city, mainly auto rickshaws and rickshaws are primary mode of transport. Taxis are even also available on railway stations. Earlier RTO was planning for City Buses, but it fails because of narrow roads. In old city, auto-rickshaws are not permitted during certain time interval, so, Rickshaws serves as most primary transport mode. No other means of transport available in city region. Still, in city, city buses are proposed and needs permission to start after clearance from State Government.
For District areas, taxis, buses and tempos are always available from Lanka, Shastrinagar,MahuaBaag,Rauza, Rajdepur, City Railway Station, Gorabazar and RTI square. Airport-Andhaun airport.
Notable people
- Mangal Pandey
- Abdul Hamid
- Nazir Hussain, pitamah of Bhojpuri cinema
- Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- Dr. Rahi Masoom Raza, Novelist
See also
References
- Paxman, Jeremy (2011). "Chapter 3". Empire:What Ruling the World Did to the British. London: Penguin Books.
| Cities and towns in Ghazipur district | |
|---|---|
| Cities and towns | |
| Villages | |