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Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring and Arab Winter Spillover of the Iraqi insurgency
Current military situation: Red: government, Green: rebels, Yellow: Kurds (Rojava), Grey: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, White: al-Nusra Front; Brown: disputed areas (for a more detailed map, see Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War).
Date 15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present (13 years, 9 months, 1 week and 3 days) Location Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries) Status Ongoing
Main belligerents
Government Armed Forces NDF al-Baʿath Shabiha Allied armed groups Hezbollah Ansar Allah AAH al-Abbas SR ANG PFLP-GC JM Sootoro  Iran Quds Force Basij Revolutionary Guards Supported by:  Russia  N. Korea	Opposition FSA Islamic Front SL ASIU Supported by:  Qatar  Saudi Arabia  Turkey  USA  France  Libya  Israel (alleged) Nusra Front Supported by:  Qatar (alleged)	ISIL Military	Rojava YPG KFB Peshmerga PKK SMC Sutoro See: Kurdish conflict  USA  Canada  Saudi Arabia  Qatar  Jordan  Bahrain  UAE  Morocco See: Intervention
Commanders and leaders
Bashar al-Assad(President of Syria, Commander-in-Chief) Maher al-Assad(Commander of the 4th Armoured Division) Fahd Jassem al-Freij(Minister of Defense) Dawoud Rajiha †(Former Minister of Defense) Assef Shawkat †(Deputy Minister of Defense) Ali Abdullah Ayyoub(Chief of Staff of the SAA) Issam Hallaq(Chief of Staff of the Air Force) Ghassan Ismail(General of the Air Force Intelligence Unit) Mohammad al-Shaar (WIA)(Minister of Interior) Hassan Nasrallah(Secretary General of Hezbollah) Qasem Soleimani(Commander of Quds Force) Ahmed Jibril(Secretary General of PFLP-GC)	Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir(Chief of Staff of the FSA) Salim Idris(Former Chief of Staff of the FSA; dismissed) Riad al-Asaad (WIA)(Former Chief of Staff of the FSA; dismissed) Mustafa Al-Sheikh(Former head of the FSA's Military Council; dismissed) Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh(Leader of the Islamic Front) Abu Omar Hureitan(Deputy Leader of the Islamic Front) Zahran Alloush (WIA)(Islamic Front Military Chief) Hassan Aboud †(Head of the political bureau of the Islamic Front) Abdul Qader Saleh †(Former top Commander of Al-Tawhid Brigade) Ebu Bekir Muhammad Abbas (Leader of the Syrian Turkmen Brigades) Abu Mohammad al-Julani (Leader of the al-Nusra Front) Abu Humam al-Shami † (al-Nusra Military Chief)	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi(Caliph of ISIL) Abu Mohammad al-Adnani(Spokesperson) Abu Ayman al-Iraqi(Head of Military Council) Abu Ali al-Anbari(Deputy, Syria) Abu Omar al-Shishani(Field Commander) Abu Bakr al-Iraqi ("Haji Bakr") †(Commander) Abu Khattab al-Kurdi † (Kobanî assault commander)	Salih Muslim Muhammad(Leader of the Democratic Union Party) Sipan Hemo(Commander of the People's Protection Units) Masoud Barzani (President of Iraqi Kurdistan)
Strength
Syrian Armed Forces: 250,000 General Security Directorate: 8,000 National Defence Force: 80,000 Hezbollah: 8,000–10,000 Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000 al-Abbas brigade: 10,000 (8,000 Iraqis) Iran: 10,000-15,000	Free Syrian Army: 40,000–50,000 Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000 Authenticity and Development Front: 13,000 Army of Mujahedeen: 5,000–12,000 al-Nusra Front: 5,000–6,000 (50 Khorasan)	31,500 (CIA claim)–100,000 (Kurdish claim)	People's Protection Units (YPG): 65,000 Jabhat al-Akrad: 7,000
Casualties and losses
Syrian government 46,138–81,138 soldiers killed 30,662–44,662 militiamen killed 1,000 government officials killed 7,000 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured Hezbollah 674 killed Other non-Syrian fighters 2,727 killed	66,080–102,080 fighters killed* 979 protesters killed 25,500 fighters and supporters captured or missing	6,245–8,321 killed (per SOHR; certain events January 2014–March 2015) 4,800+ killed (per SAA; conflict with the Syrian gov. September–December 2014)	1,113–1,280 fighters killed
69,256–81,174 (2,996 foreign) civilian deaths documented by opposition 75 other foreign soldiers killed Total killed 215,688–300,688 (March 2015 SOHR estimate) 220,000 (January 2015 UN estimate) 130,000 captured or missing overall 4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally displaced Over 3,420,000 refugees (by September 2014) Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns

References

1. Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian.
2. Daftari, Lisa (28 August 2012). "Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad". Fox News.
3. "State Dept. official: Iranian soldiers are fighting for Assad in Syria". Washington Post. 21 May 2013.
4. "Iran: Three IRGC members killed in Syria fighting for Assad regime". Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
5. Neriah, Jacques (29 May 2013). "Iranian forces on the Golan?". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
6. Gold, Dore (9 June 2013). "The Arab world fears the 'Safavid'". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
7. Gordon, Michael R. & Myers, Steven Lee (21 May 2013). "Iran and Hezbollah support for Syria complicates peace-talk strategy". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
8. Sharon, Jeremy (19 January 2015). "Report: Six Iranians killed in Israeli strike in Syria, including Revolutionary Guards general". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
9. Galpin, Richard (10 January 2012). "Russian arms shipments bolster Syria's embattled Assad". News. BBC. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
10. "Russian military presence in Syria poses challenge to US-led intervention". The Guardian, 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
11. "Report: Iran, North Korea Helping Syria Resume Building Missiles". Retrieved 18 November 2014.
12. Ryall, Julian (6 June 2013). "Syria: North Korean military 'advising Assad regime'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
13. "North Korea violating sanctions, according to UN report". The Telegraph. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
14. Epatko, Larisa (November 15, 2012). "Syria and Turkey: A Complex Relationship". PBS NEWSHOUR. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
15. "Training of moderate Syrian rebels 'allowed in Turkey'". bbc.com. BBC News. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
16. "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. September 11, 2013.
17. "Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels". 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2015-01-16.
18. Sherlock, Ruth. "Libya's new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
19. "Syrian militant commander admits collaboration with Israel". 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
20. "Israel Is Cautiously Arming Syria's Rebels — And Has A Fragile Unspoken Truce With An Al Qaeda Affiliate". 2014-10-07. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
21. How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution Financial Times, 17 May 2013
22. Is Qatar bringing the Nusra Front in from the cold?
23. "Free Syrian Army fires military chief". Al Jazeera English. 16 February 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
24. "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013.
25. Mroue, Bassem; Suzan Fraser (2012-12-08). "Syria Rebels Create New Unified Military Command". The Huffington Post. AP. Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2012-12-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
26. ^ "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
27. "Missile blast wounds Syrian rebel commander: activists". Reuters. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
28. Reports: Bombing Kills Head of Syrian Rebel Group
29. Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
30. "Türkmen ordusu yemin etti (Centralized Turkmen Brigade has sworn in)" (in Turkish). Türkiye (newspaper). August 7, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
31. ^ Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al Qaeda affiliate
32. "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013.
33. "Military Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISIS". The New York Times. 27 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
34. "Top ISIS Leaders are Revealed". Alarabiya. 13 February 2014.
35. "Al Huffington Post Algérie : Abou Khattab, kurde, jihadiste et chef des opérations du Daech contre Kobané". Al Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
36. http://aranews.net/2014/11/islamic-states-commanders-killed-kobane/
37. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/kurdish-arab-rebel-alliance-may-be-key-to-obama-s-syrian-strategy
38. "As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory". Times. 11 March 2014.
39. "Syria's diminished security forces". AFP. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
40. ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
41. From Qusair to Yabrud: Shiite foreign fighters in Syria
42. "«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق". Al Akhbar. 14 January 2014.
43. Aron Lund (13 January 2014). "The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus". Carnegie Endowment.
44. Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
45. Shiite Militias Decamping From Syria to Fight in Iraq
46. Jordan concerned over Iranian, Hezbollah fighters on its border
47. Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
48. Front to Back
49. "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. 13 December 2013.
50. "Factbox: Syria's rebel groups". Reuters. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
51. "Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria". McClatchy. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
52. "Why Is Jabhat al-Nusra No Longer Useful to Turkey?". USNews. 11 June 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
53. "Airstrikes in Syria That Targeted Khorasan Group Disrupted Plots Against US, Gen. Dempsey Says". ABC News. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
54. "Islamic State fighter estimate triples - CIA". BBC. 12 September 2014.
55. "War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader". The Independent. 18 November 2014.
56. "Will the Islamic State last through 2015?". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
57. Mutlu Civiroglu (11 August 2013). "Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA". Rudaw.
58. ^ "The international community let the Syrian people down; millions of people killed, wounded and displaced over 4 years". The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 15 March 2015.
59. ^ "More than 110 dead, thousands of regime forces during the 41 months". Retrieved 25 October 2014.
60. "David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)". Huffington Post. 6 November 2012.
61. Syria war toll tops 170,000, one-third civilians: rights group
62. "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
63. 2,196 killed in the inter-rebel conflict by late June 2014, 125 executed, 5 killed during the 2014 American rescue mission in Syria, 456–586 killed in the 2014 Eastern Syria offensive, 1,288–3,188 killed in the Siege of Kobanî (not including airstrikes), 389–425 killed during the Al-Hasakah offensive (February–March 2015), and 1,796 killed due to the American-led intervention in Syria, a total of 6,245–8,321 reported killed
64. Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source
65. 15 killed (31 October 2012), 25 killed (19 November 2012), 379 killed (2013), 537–666 killed (2014), 155 killed during the Al-Hasakah offensive (February–March 2015), a total of 1,113–1,280 reported killed
66. "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 15 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
67. "Syrian Rebels And Government Reach Truce In Besieged Area". AP. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
68. "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013.
69. "Syrian Refugees in Lebanon," The New York Times, September 5, 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country
70. "Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight"., iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders")
71. "Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts"., UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced
72. "Syrian refugees top three million mark: UN". SBS News. AAP. 2013-11-29. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
73. http://m.motherjones.com/politics/2015/01/airstrikes-syria-kobani-statistics-operation-inherent-resolve
74. At least 20,000 civilians displaced during the Al-Hasakah offensive (February–March 2015); 5,000+ in the Khabur Valley region, and 15,000+ in the Tell Hamis region
75. More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011

Usage

• Syrian civil war templates
• Arab Winter templates
• War and conflict infobox templates