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| Koreans are generally believed to be of ]-] linguistic lineage , linking them with ] and other ]ns, as well as with the ]. | Koreans are generally believed to be of ]-] linguistic lineage , linking them with ] and other ]ns, as well as with the ]. | ||
| Though they have interbred with other East Asian ethnic groups over the ages, Koreans have retained much of the physicalities of their ] migration group, including tall stature, long bridged noses, higher cheekbones, and the ] (''monggo-banjum''), a genetic predisposition for a bluish birthmark on the lower body which remains until early childhood. | |||
| ==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
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File:Yi Sunshin.jpgFile:Kim Jong-il-crop.jpg | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| South Korea: 48,422,644 (2005 est.) North Korea: 22,912,177 (2005 est.) United States: 2,057,546 China: 2,043,578 Japan: 660,214 Former Soviet Union: 486,857 Canada: 110,000 Brazil: 50,000 Australia: 150,000 Latin America: 100,000 | |
| Languages | |
| Korean speakers: 71 million | |
| Religion | |
| Nonreligious, Christian, Buddhist, Confucian, indigenous, other | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Possibly: Manchurian, Mongolian, Japanese, Dongyi |
The Korean people are one of the main East Asian ethnic groups. Most Koreans live in the Korean Peninsula and speak the Korean language.
North Koreans call Koreans Chosŏn-in (조선인; 朝鮮人) or Chosŏn saram (조선 사람; 朝鮮 사람), while South Koreans call Koreans Hangugin (한국인; 韓國人) or Hanguk saram (한국 사람; 韓國 사람). See Names of Korea, Korean romanization, Hangul and Hanja.
Korea's population is highly homogeneous both ethnically and linguistically, with only small minorities, such as Chinese and Japanese, present in North and South Korea.
Origins
See also: History of KoreaKoreans are generally believed to be of Tungusic-Altaic linguistic lineage , linking them with Mongolians and other Central Asians, as well as with the Japanese.
Though they have interbred with other East Asian ethnic groups over the ages, Koreans have retained much of the physicalities of their Northern Mongoloid migration group, including tall stature, long bridged noses, higher cheekbones, and the Mongolian spot (monggo-banjum), a genetic predisposition for a bluish birthmark on the lower body which remains until early childhood.
Culture
Main articles: Culture of Korea, contemporary culture of North Korea, and contemporary culture of South KoreaNorth Korea and South Korea share a common heritage, but the political division since 1945 has resulted in some divergence of modern culture.
Language
Main articles: Korean language and HangulThe language of the Korean people is the Korean language, which uses hangul as its main writing system. There are around 71 million speakers of the Korean language worldwide.
Koreans outside of Korea
Koreans in the United States
See also: Korean American and list of famous Korean AmericansMore than 1 million ethnic Koreans live in the U.S., mostly in metropolitan areas. A handful are descended from laborers who migrated to Hawaii in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A significant number are descended from orphans of the Korean War, in which the U.S. was a major ally of South Korea. Thousands were adopted by American (mostly Caucasian) families in the years following the war, when their plight was covered on television. The vast majority, however, immigrated or are descended from those who immigrated after the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965 abolished national immigration quotas.
The largest Korean-American community is in Los Angeles, California; Los Angeles' Koreatown district is extensive and recognized by the city. Many smaller Korean enclaves exist in surrounding communities of Southern California, notably in Orange County. Another significant Korean enclave is found in New York City, which includes Manhattan Koreatown, although the main concentration are found in the borough of Queens.
Other Korean enclaves can be found in the suburbs of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington; Houston, Texas; Bergen County, New Jersey; and Cook County, Illinois. As many Korean Americans have prospered economically and dispersed to live in suburban areas, ethnic enclaves in the traditional sense do not exist in many areas, although Korean churches and Korean-oriented commercial districts serving the distributed population can often be found. States with the largest Korean populations are California, New York, Washington, Texas, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois, and Virginia.
Koreans in the former Soviet Union
See also: Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union and population transfer in the Soviet UnionApproximately 450,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former USSR, primarily in the newly independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia (around Volgograd), the Caucasus, and southern Ukraine. These communities can be traced back to the Koreans who were living in the Russian Far East during the late 19th century. These Koreans are also known as Goryeo saram.
In 1937, Stalin deported approximately 200,000 ethnic Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, on the official premise that the Koreans might act as spies for Japan.
Probably as a consequence of these ethnic ties, South Korea was the second largest import partner of Uzbekistan, after Russia, and one of its largest foreign investors. The car manufacturer Daewoo set up a joint venture (August 1992) and a factory in Asaka, Andizhan province, in Uzbekistan.
There is also a separate ethnic Korean community in the Russian island of Sakhalin, where Koreans relocated by Japan as labourers were stranded after the island became Soviet territory after World War II.
The 2002 census gave a population of 148,556 Koreans in Russia, of which 75,835 were male and 72,721 female.
Koreans in China
See also: Korean ChineseKoreans form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. It is considered one of the "major minorities".
There are about 2 million ethnic Koreans in China, and they mostly occupy northeastern China, especially in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, where they numbered 854,000 in 1997.
In addition to the ethnic Koreans who are Chinese citizens (known as Chaoxianzu 朝鲜族 in Chinese).There is also a large contingent of South Korean expatriates in China.They range from being visa students,employess of Korean companies operating in China, to owners of bars and restaurants.The number currently stands at 300 thousands but could hit 1 million by the end of this decade.They are scattered in big cities across China but Beijing, Tianjin and Qingdao especially have significant populations of South Korean expatriates,as well as Shanghai, Dalian and Hong Kong.Two districts in Beijing, and are dubbed "Koreantowns" by local people and have an abundance of Korean restaurants and shops due to the significant Korean population in the area.
An unknown number of North Korean refugees are also present in China.The exact number is hard to obtain because they are reluctant to reveal their identity.They have no legal status in China and are at risk of deportation if they are caught by Chinese authorities. For that reason they are also vulnerable to various kinds of discrimination and exploitation. Some of them eventually leave China and end up in South Korea.
Koreans in Japan
See also: Zainichi Korean and ethnic issues in JapanKoreans in Japan are called Zainichi Chōsenjin (在日朝鮮人, for North Koreans) or Zainichi Kankokujin (在日韓国人, for South Koreans) in Japanese and Jaeil Gyopo (재일교포; 在日僑胞) in Korean. There are 529,000 Koreans in Japan, amounting to 40.4% of the non-Japanese population of the country. Three-quarters of the Koreans living in Japan are Japanese-born, and most are legal aliens.
Koreans in other countries
Large Koreatowns can also be found in Australia and Canada. The largest Korean community in Europe is in Germany, and there is a Koreatown in London. There are also Koreatowns in Latin american countries such as Mexico, Argentina and Brazil.
See also
External links
- Korean American Museum
- Korean Residents Union in Japan (Mindan)
- Koryo Saram – The Koreans of Central Asia
- Sources – Koreans of Central Asia