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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
why does a person fall?

so that he can pick himself up
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
-thomas wayne

{{Infobox flood
|3 min sustained = 55
|1 min sustained = 65
|name = 2013 North India floods
|image location = Northern India 17 Jun 2013.jpg
|image size =
|image name = NASA satellite imagery of Northern India on 17 June, showing rainclouds that led to the disaster
|duration =
|total damages = 4,200 villages affected <ref name=IOL>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/world/5-748-feared-dead-after-india-floods-1.1546813#.UePfZdIVNlc |title=5,748 feared dead after India floods |publisher= IOL News |author= Kumar, Siddhartha |date=15 July 2013 |accessdate=19 September 2013}}</ref>
|total fatalities = 5,748 <ref name=IOL/>
|areas affected = ''']''' <br> ] <br> ] <br> ] <br> ''']''' <br> ] <br> ]
}}

{{Location map+ | India
| caption = Map of India showing ], capital of Uttarakhand.
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| label = Dehradun
| position = bottom
| marksize = 5
| link = Dehradun
| lat_deg = 30.3157
| lon_deg = 78.3586
}}
}}
] of Nepal.]]
] at Rudraprayag Sangam.]]
In June 2013, a multi-day ] centered on the North Indian state of ] caused devastating floods and landslides becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami.The reason the floods were on such a larger scale then the regular floods the state usually received was because of the debris of the building of dams upstream. The debris blocked up the rivers causing major overflow. The main day of flood is said to be on 16 June 2013. Though some parts of ], ], ] and ] in India experienced the flood, some regions of Western Nepal, and some parts of Western ] also experienced heavy rainfall, over 95% of the casualties occurred in Uttarakhand. {{As of|2013|07|16}}, according to figures provided by the Uttarakhand government, more than 5,700 people were "presumed dead."<ref name="AP">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57593939/india-raises-flood-death-toll-reaches-5700-as-all-missing-persons-now-presumed-dead/ | title= India raises flood death toll to 5,700 as all missing persons now presumed dead| date=16 July 2013 | accessdate=16 July 2013 | work=CBS News}}</ref> This total included 934 local residents.<ref>, ''Fox News'', 15 July 2013</ref>

Destruction of bridges and roads left about 100,000 pilgrims and tourists trapped in the valleys leading to three of the four ] ] pilgrimage sites.<ref name="sciencedirect.com">Kala, C.P. Deluge, disaster and development in Uttarakhand Himalayan region of India: Challenges and lessons for disaster management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2014, 8: 143-152 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420914000235</ref><ref></ref><ref name="NDTV">{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/uttarakhand-himachal-pradesh-battered-by-rain-death-toll-rises-to-130-more-than-70-000-stranded-381352 | title=Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh battered by rain: death toll rises to 130, more than 70,000 stranded | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013 | newspaper=NDTV}}</ref><ref name="TOI">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-18/india/40048069_1_chardham-yatra-heavy-rains-gangotri | title=Heavy rain lashes north India, 50 killed | date=18 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013 | newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Kedarnath HT"/><ref name="Hindu rescue 23">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rescue-operations-resume-after-brief-suspension-due-to-rain/article4843018.ece?homepage=true | title=Uttarakhand floods: Over 10,000 rescued amidst misery and devastation | date=23 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=C.K. | last=Chandramohan}}</ref><ref name="WSJ 23 rescue">{{cite news | url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323683504578562762365319582.html | title=India Intensifies its Rescue Efforts | date=23 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013 | work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> The ], the ], and paramilitary troops evacuated more than 110,000 people from the flood ravaged area.<ref></ref>

== Origin ==
From 14 to 17 June 2013, the Indian state of ] and adjoining areas received heavy rainfall, which was about 375% more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ibnlive.com/news/Uttarakhand-rescue-efforts-in-full-swing-toll-58-70000-stranded/399846-3.html |title=Uttarakhand: Rescue efforts in full swing; 102 dead, 72000 stranded-India News |publisher=IBNLive Mobile |date=18 June 2013 |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> This caused the melting of ] at the height of 3800 metres, and eruption of the ]<ref></ref> which led to heavy floods near Gobindghat, ], ], ], Himachal Pradesh and Western Nepal, and acute rainfall in other nearby regions of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Tibet.<ref name=ibn1>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand floods, landslides leave 40 dead; over 60,000 stranded|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uttarakhand-floods-landslides-leave-40-dead-over-60000-stranded/399619-3-243.html|accessdate=18 June 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=18 June 2013}}</ref>

The upper Himalayan territories of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are full of forests and snow-covered mountains and thus remain relatively inaccessible. They are home to several major and historic Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage sites besides several tourist spots and trekking trails. Heavy rainfall for four consecutive days as well as melting snow aggravated the floods.<ref name=damage/> Warnings by the ] predicting heavy rains were not given wide publicity beforehand, causing thousands of people to be caught unaware, resulting in huge loss of life and property.

== Consequences ==
]s, due to the floods, damaged several houses and structures, killing those who were trapped.<ref name="sciencedirect.com"/><ref name=damage>{{cite news|title=58 dead, over 58,000 trapped as rains batter Uttarakhand, UP|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/58-dead-over-58-000-trapped-as-rains-batter-uttarakhand-up-113061800143_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|accessdate=18 June 2013|date=18 June 2013}}</ref> The heavy rains resulted in large flashfloods and massive landslides.<ref name=ibn1/> Entire villages and settlements such as ] and the market town of Ram Bada, a transition point to Kedarnath, have been obliterated, while the market town of Sonprayag suffered heavy damage and loss of lives.<ref name="Kedarnath HT">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Monsoon-fury-in-north-India-131-dead-70-000-stranded-Kedarnath-town-ruined/Article1-1078740.aspx | title=Monsoon fury in north India: 131 dead(the locals believe the true figure to be in the region of 5000), 70,000 stranded; Kedarnath town ruined | publisher=Hindustan Times | work=Dehra dun/Shimla | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=mandakini>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand worst hit as rain, floods kill at least 60 in north India|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/picture-gallery/uttarakhand-worst-hit-as-rain-floods-kill-at-least-60-in-north-india/2914-9.html|accessdate=18 June 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=18 June 2013}}</ref> Pilgrimage centres in the region, including ], ], ] and ], the hallowed Hindu ] pilgrimage centers, are visited by thousands of devotees, especially after the month of May onwards. Over 70,000 people were stuck in various regions because of damaged or blocked roads.<ref name=damage/> People in other important locations like the ], ] and the ] pilgrimage centre ] were stranded for more than three days.<ref name=damage/> ], an important artery connecting the region was also washed away near ] and in many other places.<ref name=mandakini/> Because summers have more number of tourists, the number of people impacted is substantial.<ref name="Recipe for disaster TOI">{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/india/40146281_1_forest-land-land-revenue-land-use | title=Recipe for disaster in Uttarakhand: 1 crore population, 2.5 crore tourists | date=23 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref> For more than three days, stranded pilgrims and tourists were without rations or survived on little food.<ref name=food>{{cite news|title=AP pilgrims stranded in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-pilgrims-stranded-in-uttarakhand/article4822701.ece?ref=relatedNews|accessdate=18 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 June 2013|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The roads were seriously damaged at more than 450 places, resulting in huge traffic jams, and the floods caused many cars and other vehicles to be washed away.<ref name=damage/> On 18 June, more than 12,000 pilgrims were stranded at ], the popular pilgrimage center located on the banks of the ].<ref name=relief1>{{cite news|last=PTI|title=Relief work picks up momentum as north India reels under severe flood|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/relief-work-picks-up-momentum-as-north-india-reels-under-severe-flood/1130996/|accessdate=19 June 2013|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=pioneer1/><ref name=woes>{{cite news|title=Flood of woes|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2013/jun/200613-flood-of-woes.htm|accessdate=20 June 2013|newspaper=Mid-Day|date=20 June 2013}}</ref> Rescuers at the Hindu pilgrimage town of ] on the river ] recovered bodies of 40 victims washed down by the flooded rivers as of 21 June 2013.<ref name=float>{{cite news | title =Over 500 dead in Uttarakhand flood, toll may rise| newspaper =The Hindustan Times | date =21 June 2013 | url =http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Over-500-dead-in-Uttarakhand-disaster-toll-may-rise/Article1-1080073.aspx |accessdate=21 June 2013}}</ref> Bodies of people washed away in Uttarakhand were found in distant places like ], ] and ] in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Aashish|title=Uttarakhand floods: 13 bodies recovered in UP rivers|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-22/india/40133694_1_three-bodies-two-bodies-decomposed-bodies|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 June 2013}}</ref> Searching for bodies who died during the extreme natural fury of June in Kedar valley continued for several months and even as late as September, 2013, about 556 bodies were found out of which 166 bodies were found in highly decomposed state during fourth round of search operations.<ref name="68 bodies">{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand tragedy: 68 more bodies found in Kedar Valley|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uttarakhand-tragedy-68-more-bodies-found-in-kedar-valley/article5103660.ece|accessdate=7 September 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 September 2013|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

]
Although the ] itself was not damaged, its base was inundated with water, mud and boulders from the landslide, damaging its perimeter.<ref name=pioneer1>{{cite news|title=FLOOD FURY TOLL NOW 131|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/top-stories/flood-fury-toll-now-131.html|accessdate=19 June 2013|newspaper=The Pioneer, Dehradun|date=19 June 2013}}</ref> Many hotels, rest houses and shops around the temple in Kedarnath township were destroyed, resulting in several casualties. Most of the destruction at Kedarnath was caused by a sudden rapid melting of ice and snow on the ], {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} from the temple, which flooded the Charbari lake (upstream) and then Kedarnath. The temple was flooded with water resulting in several deaths due to drowning and panic-driven stampede.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Uttarakhand/Kedarnath-temple-stays-intact-its-surroundings-have-gone-with-flow/Article1-1078410.aspx | title=Kedarnath temple stays intact, its surroundings have gone with flow | publisher=] | date=18 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> Even after a week, dead bodies had not been removed from Kedarnath town, resulting in water contamination in the Kedarnath valley and villagers who depend on spring water suffered various types of health problems like fever, diarrhoea.<ref name="sciencedirect.com"/><ref name=fever>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand floods: Epidemic looms as people complain of fever, diarrhoea|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Uttarakhand-floods-Epidemic-looms-as-people-complain-of-fever-diarrhoea/articleshow/20770540.cms|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=26 June 2013}}</ref> When the flood receded, satellite images showed one new stream at Kedarnath town. No damage at the Kedarnath Temple occurred. The Uttarakhand Government announced that due to the extensive damage to the infrastructure, the temple will be temporarily closed to regular pilgrims and tourists for a year or two, but the temple rituals will still be maintained by priests.<ref name=toi >{{cite news |title=Kedarnath temple closed for a year, PM announces Rs 1,000 crore relief for Uttarakhand |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/PM-announces-Rs-1000-crore-relief-fund-for-Uttarakhand-Kedarnath-temple-closed-for-one-year/articleshow/20667035.cms |publisher= The ] |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="IBN Live Kedarnath 2 years">{{cite news | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kedarnath-yatra-may-take-23-years-to-start-sources/400040-3-243.html | title=Kedarnath yatra may take 2-3 years to start: Sources | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Business Standard kedarnath 2 years">{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/no-kedarnath-yatra-for-2-years-says-bahuguna-113062400086_1.html | title=No Kedarnath yatra for 2 years, says Bahuguna | date=24 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> The Temple opened for pilgrims on Sunday, 4 May 2014.
<ref>{{cite news | author = | title = Kedarnath temple reopens for devotees| quote =Sacred portals of the Kedarnath temple were reopened to devotees amid elaborate rituals early morning on Sunday (May 4), about a year after the Himalayan shrine was marred by flash floods that had left hundreds of people dead and many others stranded | newspaper =The Indian Express | date =12 nay 2014 | url =http://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/kedarnath-temple-reopens-for-devotees/#kedarnath-5 }}</ref>

=== Other regions ===

==== National Capital Region ====
], ] and surrounding areas received a high amount of rainfall on 16 June 2013, leading to flooding of the low lying areas of the cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/delhi-airport-flooded-passengers-wade-through-knee-deep-water-380351 |title=Delhi airport flooded, passengers wade through knee deep water |publisher=NDTV |date=16 June 2013 |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> The ] swelled to a new high of 207.75 meters submerging the low lying flood plains along the banks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/yamuna-swells-crosses-danger-mark/article4829314.ece |title=Yamuna swells, crosses danger mark |work=The Hindu|date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=22 June 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Gurgaon/Drainage-system-collapses-heavy-rains-pour-misery/Article1-1078610.aspx |title=Drainage system collapses, heavy rains pour misery |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref>

==== Uttar Pradesh ====
608 villages, covering a population of 700,000, in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh were affected by the flood and {{as of|2013|7|11}} more than 120 deaths were reported from the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1859643/report-uttar-pradesh-flood-situation-worsens | title=Uttar Pradesh flood situation worsens | publisher=DNA India | date=11 July 2013 | accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref>

==== Himachal Pradesh ====
In Himachal Pradesh, floods caused loss of life and property and death toll in the state was 20.<ref>{{cite news|title=Death toll in Himachal floods rises to 20|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/HimachalPradesh/Death-toll-in-Himachal-floods-rises-to-20/Article1-1079507.aspx|accessdate=21 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|date=20 June 2013}}</ref>

==== Nepal ====
About 6000 citizens of Nepal were visiting the Indian region, of which 1,000 were rescued as of 22 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=1%26sbquo%3B000+plus+rescued+from+India+arrive+home+&NewsID=381094 |title=1‚000 plus rescued from India arrive home - Detail News : Nepal News Portal |publisher=The Himalayan Times |accessdate=23 June 2013}}</ref> Flooding of the ] and the ] rivers had caused extensive damage, with reports of 128 houses and 13 government offices swept away and over 1000 people homeless.<ref name="Nepal flooding 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Relief+distribution+to+Darchula+flood+victims+starts+&NewsID=380746 |title=Relief distribution to Darchula flood victims starts - Detail News : Nepal News Portal |publisher=The Himalayan Times |accessdate=23 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Nepal flooding 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Minister+says+joint+team+will+look+into+Mahakali+floods&NewsID=381009&a=3 |title=Minister says joint team will look into Mahakali floods - Detail News : Nepal News Portal |publisher=The Himalayan Times |accessdate=23 June 2013}}</ref> A bridge that joins the India-Nepal border is highly damaged or destroyed.

== Rescue operations ==
]'s ].]]
]
{{see also|Operation Rahat|Operation Surya Hope}}
The ], ], ], ] (ITBP), ], ] (NDRF), ] and local administrations worked together for quick rescue operations.<ref name=ibn1/> Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the rescue missions.<ref name="IBN Rescue">{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uttarakhand-rescue-efforts-in-full-swing-toll-58-70000-stranded/399846-3.html | title=Uttarakhand: Rescue efforts in full swing; 102 dead, 72000 stranded | publisher=IBN | date=18 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> Activists of political and social organisations are also involved in the rescue and management of relief centres.<ref name="Zee rescue Party">{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/parties-asks-workers-to-assist-in-relief-work-in-uttarakhand_856246.html | title=Parties asks workers to assist in relief work in Uttarakhand | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=21 June 2013}}</ref> The national highway and other important roads were closed to regular traffic.<ref name=damage/> Helicopters were used to rescue people, but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, manoeuvring them was a challenge.<ref name=record>{{cite news|last=Upadhyay|first=Kavitha|title=57,000 pilgrims stranded in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/57000-pilgrims-stranded-in-uttarakhand/article4824087.ece|accessdate=18 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 June 2013|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> By 21 June 2013, the Army had deployed 10,000 soldiers and 11 helicopters,<ref name="toi"/><ref name=thin20j>{{cite news|title=Dhruv helicopters fly high in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhruv-helicopters-fly-high-in-uttarakhand/article4833766.ece|accessdate=22 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 June 2013|location=Chennai, India|first=Vinay|last=Kumar}}</ref> the Navy had sent 45 naval divers, and the Air force had deployed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters.<ref name=tect21j>{{cite news|title=IAF deploys 13 more aircraft for Uttarakhand rescue ops|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/iaf-deploys-13-more-aircraft-for-uttarakhand-rescue-ops/articleshow/20703902.cms|accessdate=22 June 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=21 June 2013}}</ref> From 17 to 30 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of 18,424 people - flying a total of 2,137 sorties and dropping/landing a total of 3,36,930&nbsp;kg of relief material and equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=96912 |title=IAF 'OP Rahat' Update Upto 6 O’ Clock |publisher=Government of India |date=30 June 2013 |accessdate= 19 September 2013 }}</ref>

On 25 June, one of 3 IAF ] rescue helicopters returning from Kedarnath, carrying 5 Air Force Officers, 9 of the NDRF, and 6 of the ITBP crashed on a mountainous slope near ], killing all on board.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/will-make-sure-job-is-done-air-chief-nak-browne-to-ndtv-384408| title=Will make sure job is done: Air Chief NAK Browne to NDTV | date=26 June 2013 | accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=twenty>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand floods: Bodies of chopper crash victims recovered|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2013/jun/260613-uttarakhand-floods-bodies-of-chopper-crash-victims-recovered.htm|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=Mid-day|date=26 June 2013}}</ref> The deceased soldiers were given a ceremonial ] by Home minister of India, at a function organised by the Uttarakhand State Government.<ref></ref>

Indo Tibetan border Police (ITBP) a Force which guards the Indo China borders on the high himalayas with its 3 Regional Response Centres (RRCs) based at Matli (Uttarkashi), Gauchar (Rudraprayag) and Pithoragarh swung into action and started rescue and relief operation. 2000 strong ITBP force with its mountaineering skills and improvisation methods started rescue of stranded pilgrims. It was a simultaneous effort by ITBP at Kedar ghati, Gangotri valley and Govind ghat areas. According to official figures by ITBP, they were able to rescue 33,009 pilgrims in 15 days on their own from extreme remote and inaccessible areas.Before Army or Air Force called in, being deployed in the nearby areas, ITBP took the first call and saved many lives. They also distributed food packets to stranded pilgrims who were in a pathetic condition being not having any food for more than 72 hours at many places.

== Aftermath ==
The ] undertook an aerial survey of the affected areas and announced {{INRConvert|10|b}} aid package for disaster relief efforts in the state.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news | title =Rs 1000 cr relief for flood hit Uttarakhand announced| newspaper =Hindustan Times | date =19 June 2013 | url =http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Rs-1000-cr-relief-for-flood-hit-Uttarakhand-announced/Article1-1079085.aspx |accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> Several state governments announced financial assistance, with ] pledging {{INRConvert|250|m}},<ref>{{cite web | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/up-govt-announces-financial-help-to-uttarakhand_856082.html | title=UP govt announces financial help to Uttarakhand | publisher=] |location=Lucknow | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> the governments of ],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/haryana-announces-rs-10-crore-help-for-uttarakhand-381652 | title=Haryana announces Rs. 10-crore help for Uttarakhand | publisher=] |location=Chandigarh | date=19 June 2013 | accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref> ]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chavan-announces-rs-10crore-aid/article4831248.ece | title=Chavan announces Rs. 10-crore aid | publisher=] |location=Mumbai | date=20 June 2013 | accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref> and ] {{INRConvert|100|m}} each, the governments of ],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/uttarakhand-floods-tamil-nadu-donates-rs-5-crore/401125-62-128.html | title=TamilNadu donates Rs.5 Crore | publisher=] |location=TamilNadu | date=23 June 2013 | accessdate=23 June 2013}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-20/news/40093968_1_uttarakhand-state-relief-fund-dehradun |title=Odisha announces Rs 5 crore for Uttarakhand, 100 Odias trapped - Economic Times |work=indiatimes.com |quote=Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik today announced a contribution of Rs 50&nbsp;million for relief work in the flood hit mountain state. |accessdate=27 June 2013 |date=20 June 2013}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Modi-sends-Rs-3-cr-more-renews-offer-to-help-in-Uttarakhand/Article1-1083065.aspx |title=Modi sends Rs 3 cr more, renews offer to help in Uttarakhand - Hindustan Times |first= Shekhar |last=Iyer|work=hindustantimes.com |year=2013 |quote=Modi has again sent an offer and a cheque for Rs. 30&nbsp;million, besides the Rs. 20&nbsp;million his state already donated |accessdate=27 June 2013}}</ref> ] and ] {{INRConvert|50|m}} each. The US Ambassador to India extended a financial help of USD $150,000 through the ] (USAID) to the NGOs working in the area.<ref name=":0">{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/us-announces-additional-usd-75000-aid-for-flood-victims/articleshow/20897368.cms | title=US Ambassador announces relief to flood victims in Uttarakhand | publisher=] | date=23 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> and announced that the US will provide further financial aid of USD $75,000.<ref name=":0" />

The Government of India also cancelled 9 batches, or half the annual batches of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra, a Hindu pilgrimage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Government cancels Kailash Manasarovar Yatra due to Uttarakhand disaster : North, News |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/kailash-manasarovar-yatra-uttarakhand-disaster-kedarnath-flash-floods/1/284234.html|publisher= ] |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=19 June 2013}}</ref> The Chardham Yatra pilgrimage, covering Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath was cancelled for 2 years to repair damaged roads and infrastructure, according to the Uttarakhand Government.<ref name=cancel>{{cite news|title=150 dead in Uttarakhand flood, toll may rise|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/150-dead-in-Uttarakhand-flood-toll-may-rise/Article1-1079086.aspx|accessdate=19 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|date=19 June 2013}}</ref>

Government agencies and priests of Kedarnath temple were planning mass cremation of the hundreds of victims, after one week of tragedy.<ref name="masscremation1">{{cite news |title=India plans mass cremation for flood victims |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/06/201362465625349861.html |date=24 June 2013 |agency=Al Jazeera|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="masscremation2">{{cite news|title=India to begin mass cremation of flood victims |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/06/24/india-to-begin-mass-cremation-flood-victims/|date=24 June 2013|agency=Fox News|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref> Local youths from several affected villages near Gangotri helped stranded tourists and pilgrims, by sending messages to their places and by providing food.<ref name=youth>{{cite news|title=Uttarakhand floods: When all else failed, youth took charge|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Uttarakhand-floods-When-all-else-failed-youth-took-charge/Article1-1082430.aspx|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=26 June 2013}}</ref> Rescuers also retrieved approximately {{INRConvert|10|m}} and other jewellery from local persons, including some people dressed like sadhu babas, who reportedly collected it from a destroyed building of a Bank and damaged shops.<ref name="Indian Express Godmen">{{cite web | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/religious-men-held-with-rs-1-cr-in-stolen-money/1133005/ | title='Religious men' held with Rs 1 cr in stolen money | date=24 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Bhaskar Godmen">{{cite news | url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/CHD-uttarakhand-floods-babas-priests-and-godmen-looted-over-rs-1-crore-from-devastat-4300943-NOR.html | title=Babas, priests and godmen looted over R 1 crore from devastated people, bank; rescuers recover cash, jewellery | date=24 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="HT steal">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Uttarakhand-horror-stranded-pilgrims-raped-murdered/Article1-1080734.aspx | title=Uttarakhand horror: stranded pilgrims raped, murdered | date=22 June 2013 | accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref>

==Environmental issues==
Unprecedented destruction by the rainfall witnessed in Uttarakhand state was attributed, by environmentalists, to unscientific developmental activities undertaken in recent decades contributing to high level of loss of property and lives.<ref name="sciencedirect.com"/> Roads constructed in haphazard style, new resorts and hotels built on fragile river banks and more than 70 hydroelectric projects in the ] of the state led to a "disaster waiting to happen" as termed by certain environmentalists.<ref name=environ>{{cite news|last=Shadbolt|first=Peter|title=Indian floods a man-made disaster, say environmentalists|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/25/world/asia/india-floods-development/index.html|accessdate=26 June 2013|newspaper=CNN|date=25 June 2013}}</ref> The environmental experts reported that the tunnels built and blasts undertaken for the 70 hydro electric projects contributed to the ecological imbalance in the state, with flows of river water restricted and the streamside development activity contributing to a higher number of landslides and more flooding.<ref name="sciencedirect.com"/><ref name=environ/>

==In fiction==
A novel titled ''A Long Journey'' was written and published by independent author Pawan Kumar Pandey, which has the floods and the resulting tragedy in its background.<ref>https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20838668-a-long-journey</ref><ref>http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00II5AQXA</ref>

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Nepal|Disasters|2010s}}
{{reflist|2}}

{{Disasters in India in 2013}}
{{Natural disasters in India}}

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Revision as of 15:02, 30 May 2015

2013 North India floods
NASA satellite imagery of Northern India on 17 June, showing rainclouds that led to the disaster
LocationIndia
Uttarakhand
HimachalPradesh
UttarPradesh
Nepal
Far Western Region
Mid Western Region
Deaths5,748
Property damage4,200 villages affected
2013 North India floods is located in IndiaDehradunDehradunclass=notpageimage| Map of India showing Dehradun, capital of Uttarakhand.
Effect of flood in Darchula district of Nepal.
Broken end of footbridge over the Mandakini River at Rudraprayag Sangam.

In June 2013, a multi-day cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami.The reason the floods were on such a larger scale then the regular floods the state usually received was because of the debris of the building of dams upstream. The debris blocked up the rivers causing major overflow. The main day of flood is said to be on 16 June 2013. Though some parts of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh in India experienced the flood, some regions of Western Nepal, and some parts of Western Tibet also experienced heavy rainfall, over 95% of the casualties occurred in Uttarakhand. As of 16 July 2013, according to figures provided by the Uttarakhand government, more than 5,700 people were "presumed dead." This total included 934 local residents.

Destruction of bridges and roads left about 100,000 pilgrims and tourists trapped in the valleys leading to three of the four Hindu Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites. The Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, and paramilitary troops evacuated more than 110,000 people from the flood ravaged area.

Origin

From 14 to 17 June 2013, the Indian state of Uttarakhand and adjoining areas received heavy rainfall, which was about 375% more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon. This caused the melting of Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 metres, and eruption of the Mandakini River which led to heavy floods near Gobindghat, Kedar Dome, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Western Nepal, and acute rainfall in other nearby regions of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and some parts of Tibet.

The upper Himalayan territories of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are full of forests and snow-covered mountains and thus remain relatively inaccessible. They are home to several major and historic Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage sites besides several tourist spots and trekking trails. Heavy rainfall for four consecutive days as well as melting snow aggravated the floods. Warnings by the India Meteorological Department predicting heavy rains were not given wide publicity beforehand, causing thousands of people to be caught unaware, resulting in huge loss of life and property.

Consequences

Landslides, due to the floods, damaged several houses and structures, killing those who were trapped. The heavy rains resulted in large flashfloods and massive landslides. Entire villages and settlements such as Gaurikund and the market town of Ram Bada, a transition point to Kedarnath, have been obliterated, while the market town of Sonprayag suffered heavy damage and loss of lives. Pilgrimage centres in the region, including Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath, the hallowed Hindu Chardham (four sites) pilgrimage centers, are visited by thousands of devotees, especially after the month of May onwards. Over 70,000 people were stuck in various regions because of damaged or blocked roads. People in other important locations like the Valley of flowers, Roopkund and the Sikh pilgrimage centre Hemkund were stranded for more than three days. National Highway 58, an important artery connecting the region was also washed away near Jyotirmath and in many other places. Because summers have more number of tourists, the number of people impacted is substantial. For more than three days, stranded pilgrims and tourists were without rations or survived on little food. The roads were seriously damaged at more than 450 places, resulting in huge traffic jams, and the floods caused many cars and other vehicles to be washed away. On 18 June, more than 12,000 pilgrims were stranded at Badrinath, the popular pilgrimage center located on the banks of the Alaknanda River. Rescuers at the Hindu pilgrimage town of Haridwar on the river Ganga recovered bodies of 40 victims washed down by the flooded rivers as of 21 June 2013. Bodies of people washed away in Uttarakhand were found in distant places like Bijnor, Allahabad and Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh. Searching for bodies who died during the extreme natural fury of June in Kedar valley continued for several months and even as late as September, 2013, about 556 bodies were found out of which 166 bodies were found in highly decomposed state during fourth round of search operations.

Kedarnath temple, before floods

Although the Kedarnath Temple itself was not damaged, its base was inundated with water, mud and boulders from the landslide, damaging its perimeter. Many hotels, rest houses and shops around the temple in Kedarnath township were destroyed, resulting in several casualties. Most of the destruction at Kedarnath was caused by a sudden rapid melting of ice and snow on the Kedarnath Mountain, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the temple, which flooded the Charbari lake (upstream) and then Kedarnath. The temple was flooded with water resulting in several deaths due to drowning and panic-driven stampede. Even after a week, dead bodies had not been removed from Kedarnath town, resulting in water contamination in the Kedarnath valley and villagers who depend on spring water suffered various types of health problems like fever, diarrhoea. When the flood receded, satellite images showed one new stream at Kedarnath town. No damage at the Kedarnath Temple occurred. The Uttarakhand Government announced that due to the extensive damage to the infrastructure, the temple will be temporarily closed to regular pilgrims and tourists for a year or two, but the temple rituals will still be maintained by priests. The Temple opened for pilgrims on Sunday, 4 May 2014.

Other regions

National Capital Region

Delhi, Gurgaon and surrounding areas received a high amount of rainfall on 16 June 2013, leading to flooding of the low lying areas of the cities. The Yamuna River swelled to a new high of 207.75 meters submerging the low lying flood plains along the banks.

Uttar Pradesh

608 villages, covering a population of 700,000, in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh were affected by the flood and As of 11 July 2013 more than 120 deaths were reported from the state.

Himachal Pradesh

In Himachal Pradesh, floods caused loss of life and property and death toll in the state was 20.

Nepal

About 6000 citizens of Nepal were visiting the Indian region, of which 1,000 were rescued as of 22 June 2013. Flooding of the Dhauliganga and the Mahakali rivers had caused extensive damage, with reports of 128 houses and 13 government offices swept away and over 1000 people homeless. A bridge that joins the India-Nepal border is highly damaged or destroyed.

Rescue operations

Satellite image of the affected region, taken on 30 May by NASA's MODIS.
Same location, shot on 21 June during the height of the floods
See also: Operation Rahat and Operation Surya Hope

The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Border Security Force, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Public Works Department and local administrations worked together for quick rescue operations. Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the rescue missions. Activists of political and social organisations are also involved in the rescue and management of relief centres. The national highway and other important roads were closed to regular traffic. Helicopters were used to rescue people, but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, manoeuvring them was a challenge. By 21 June 2013, the Army had deployed 10,000 soldiers and 11 helicopters, the Navy had sent 45 naval divers, and the Air force had deployed 43 aircraft including 36 helicopters. From 17 to 30 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of 18,424 people - flying a total of 2,137 sorties and dropping/landing a total of 3,36,930 kg of relief material and equipment.

On 25 June, one of 3 IAF Mil Mi-17 rescue helicopters returning from Kedarnath, carrying 5 Air Force Officers, 9 of the NDRF, and 6 of the ITBP crashed on a mountainous slope near Gauri Kund, killing all on board. The deceased soldiers were given a ceremonial Guard of honour by Home minister of India, at a function organised by the Uttarakhand State Government.

Indo Tibetan border Police (ITBP) a Force which guards the Indo China borders on the high himalayas with its 3 Regional Response Centres (RRCs) based at Matli (Uttarkashi), Gauchar (Rudraprayag) and Pithoragarh swung into action and started rescue and relief operation. 2000 strong ITBP force with its mountaineering skills and improvisation methods started rescue of stranded pilgrims. It was a simultaneous effort by ITBP at Kedar ghati, Gangotri valley and Govind ghat areas. According to official figures by ITBP, they were able to rescue 33,009 pilgrims in 15 days on their own from extreme remote and inaccessible areas.Before Army or Air Force called in, being deployed in the nearby areas, ITBP took the first call and saved many lives. They also distributed food packets to stranded pilgrims who were in a pathetic condition being not having any food for more than 72 hours at many places.

Aftermath

The Prime Minister of India undertook an aerial survey of the affected areas and announced ₹10 billion (US$120 million) aid package for disaster relief efforts in the state. Several state governments announced financial assistance, with Uttar Pradesh pledging ₹250 million (US$2.9 million), the governments of Haryana, Maharashtra and Delhi ₹100 million (US$1.2 million) each, the governments of Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh ₹50 million (US$590,000) each. The US Ambassador to India extended a financial help of USD $150,000 through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to the NGOs working in the area. and announced that the US will provide further financial aid of USD $75,000.

The Government of India also cancelled 9 batches, or half the annual batches of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra, a Hindu pilgrimage. The Chardham Yatra pilgrimage, covering Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath was cancelled for 2 years to repair damaged roads and infrastructure, according to the Uttarakhand Government.

Government agencies and priests of Kedarnath temple were planning mass cremation of the hundreds of victims, after one week of tragedy. Local youths from several affected villages near Gangotri helped stranded tourists and pilgrims, by sending messages to their places and by providing food. Rescuers also retrieved approximately ₹10 million (US$120,000) and other jewellery from local persons, including some people dressed like sadhu babas, who reportedly collected it from a destroyed building of a Bank and damaged shops.

Environmental issues

Unprecedented destruction by the rainfall witnessed in Uttarakhand state was attributed, by environmentalists, to unscientific developmental activities undertaken in recent decades contributing to high level of loss of property and lives. Roads constructed in haphazard style, new resorts and hotels built on fragile river banks and more than 70 hydroelectric projects in the watersheds of the state led to a "disaster waiting to happen" as termed by certain environmentalists. The environmental experts reported that the tunnels built and blasts undertaken for the 70 hydro electric projects contributed to the ecological imbalance in the state, with flows of river water restricted and the streamside development activity contributing to a higher number of landslides and more flooding.

In fiction

A novel titled A Long Journey was written and published by independent author Pawan Kumar Pandey, which has the floods and the resulting tragedy in its background.

References

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  65. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20838668-a-long-journey
  66. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00II5AQXA
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