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Baseball Prospectus

Type of site	Sports Analytics, Sports Commentary
Created by	Multiple
Editor	Sam Miller
URL	baseballprospectus.com
Commercial	Yes

Baseball Prospectus (BP) is an organization dedicated to the sabermetric analysis of baseball. Founded in 1996, BP has since garnered wide notice for the creation and popularization of numerous new statistical tools, for the regular publication of the Baseball Prospectus Annual and other baseball-related publications, and for its alumni achieving high-level positions with major-league baseball teams and major sports media organizations.

BP’s work, originally viewed as outside of the mainstream of baseball analysis, has since been cited across the media landscape, including in the New York Times, at ESPN, and in Grantland, many of whose writers are BP alumni. Concepts developed by BP now in wide use by baseball analysts include VORP, DIPs, DRA, PECOTA, and tAV, and BP is now accredited by the Baseball Writers Association of America, the organization which selects major-league baseball's postseason award winners and elects members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

History

BP was founded in 1996 within the broader context of a growing sabermetric movement which, as defined by its intellectual founder, Bill James, concerned itself with “the search for objective knowledge about baseball.” As early as the 1970’s, discouraged by what they perceived as a lack of introspection and evaluative rigor in the baseball community, groups of individuals—most of who had full-time day jobs, and studied baseball as a hobby—began communicating via newsletters and mailing lists about a new and different way of looking at the game.

The initial group of BP founders—led by Gary Huckabay and including Clay Davenport, Rany Jazayerli, Christina Kahrl, and Joe Sheehan as original contributors—thus launched baseballprospectus.com in 1997 as a way to share and present original sabermetric research with like-minded individuals across the country. “That first year,” Kahrl later recalled, “BP charged $20 for a statistics guide produced on a photocopier. It printed around 300 copies and sold about 170 to fellow statheads, even though the book was missing the St. Louis Cardinals. It was terrible, but it nevertheless didn’t discourage us.”

The site grew quickly, in prominence and in size, and quickly became a central hub for web-based baseball analysis. Although its reach and public recognition were significantly buoyed by Michael Lewis’s 2001 book Moneyball, which focused on the Oakland Athletics’ adoption of sabermetric principles, BP has to date never had a central office, and continues to be managed and operated entirely over the internet, reflecting its heritage as a group of individuals who met through a shared interest in the game of baseball.

In 2003, the site placed most of its new articles, its PECOTA forecasts, and some of its databases in a new ‘premium’ section that could be accessed only by subscription. Up until 2007, when the site began to post general advertising, these subscriptions (in concert with income from the sale of print publications) formed BP’s main source of revenues. BP also offers discounts to premium subscribers on other baseball-related purchases—from DraftKings fantasy baseball to MLB’s own MLB.tv Premium.

By 2011, none of BP’s original founders were active contributors to the site or its printed publications, having handed over the reins to new generations of leadership and moved on to other ventures. At present, BP is owned by Baseball Prospectus, LLC, which is a subsidiary of Eighty Grade Media, LLC. BP employs a corps of paid staff writers and researchers who publish articles on a regular—typically, weekly—basis under a featured heading. The vast majority of these articles are immediately available only for premium subscribers, but since 2011 articles over a year old, and occasional newly-published articles, are available free of charge to the general public.

In early 2015, BP expanded its coverage of individual teams, launching stand-alone sites dedicated to the Chicago Cubs (BP Wrigleyville), the Boston Red Sox (BP Boston), the Milwaukee Brewers (BP Milwaukee) and the New York Yankees (BP Bronx). These sites publish work specific to each franchise by established BP writers, and also feature new reporting and analysis by writers exclusively dedicated to the stand-alone sites. Articles from these ‘locals’, none of which are behind a pay wall, are occasionally cross-published on the main site.

Notable Contributions

Throughout its history, BP and its contributors have worked both to, first, challenge existing knowledge and assumptions about baseball and, second, to identify and describe entirely new areas of analysis. In the former domain, BP writers have challenged existing conceptions about (among many) clutch hitting, closer usage, and sacrifice bunting, and in the latter, they have developed new theories and models about defense-independent pitching, replacement-level analysis, and objective player projection systems.

Arguments against conventional wisdom

Contrary to conventional wisdom, BP researchers have concluded that is not a repeatable skill. As writer p] said, “Over the course of a game, a month, a season or a career, there is virtually no evidence that any player or group of players possesses an ability to outperform his established level of ability in clutch situations, however defined.” That said, writing in 2006, Nate Silver found moderate evidence for a limited ‘clutch effect’, in which certain hitters were consistently more effective in highly important situations; Silver argued that this effect was linked to an ability to adjust a hitting approach to fit a given situation.

With respect to closer usage, BP’s authors have almost uniformly argued that closers are highly overvalued by the market, relative to their actual contribution to team wins, and that they are moreover often ineffectively used by field managers who typically only employ them in the final inning of games, regardless of the relative importance of other innings. Instead, BP argues, a team’s best reliever should be deployed against the opposing team at the moment that team has the best chance of increasing its chances of winning, and arbitrary reliever roles should be dispensed with.

Relying on research on the 24 base-out states developed by Tom Tango and others, BP writers have also argued that teams heavily overuse sacrifice bunting, and that bunting almost invariably gives up more—in terms of outs, the currency of baseball—than it produces in terms of improved chances of winning the game. In 2004, however, writer James Click (who is now employed by the Tampa Bay Rays) wrote a series of articles in which he argued that bunting could be useful in certain, extremely limited, situations.

New statistics developed

BP’s early statistical work focused on better understanding the contributions individual players made to their team’s ability to win games. To further this analysis, a team led by Keith Woolner developed the concept of VORP—or Value over Replacement Player—which measured a player’s aggregate contribution to his team’s wins over and above that which would be contributed by a readily available (and hypothetical) ‘replacement player’, or a player available for the league minimum salary. This work has become central to player evaluations, and forms the fundamental analytical unit of Wins Above Replacement (WAR) statistics, which include bWAR (hosted by Baseball Reference), fWAR (hosted by Fangraphs), and BP’s own VORP.

Early BP researchers also became interested in understanding the degree to which traditional statistics actually measured one single player’s performance, rather than the interactions between multiple players. In order to isolate this effect for pitchers, Voros McCracken and others developed defense-independent pitching statistics (DIPS), which include only those elements—walks, hit by pitches, home runs allowed and strikeouts—that a pitcher can exclusively control. These statistics, which far more robustly predict future pitcher performance than traditional pitching metrics, have been widely adopted by the sabermetric community.

As part of their work for the Baseball Prospectus Annual, BP researchers also developed and tested proprietary player projection models, most notably PECOTA, which was run by Nate Silver until he left the site in 2009 to focus his attention on his political blog, FiveThirtyEight. These models, which are based on player similarity to a range of prior performances, remain central to the site’s work in fantasy baseball and player projection in general.

More recently, BP researchers Jonathan Judge, Harry Pavlidis, and Dan Turkenkopf have attempted to move beyond DIPS to create a pitching metric that controls for every possible contextual factor—weather, humidity, umpiring crew, and many more—to better understand what pitchers ‘deserve’ to give up; in other words, Deserved Runs Allowed (DRA). While not as effective at predicting future performance as many DIPS-based statistics, DRA has been shown to be exceptionally robust in its ability to evaluate past performance accurately. Work on this subject is ongoing.

Current Products

BP’s current products are centered around its main website—which publishes much of BP’s original research, hosts its publicly available statistical databases, and serves as a gateway to its local coverage—and its print publications, which range from the Annual, a regular guide to the upcoming major-league baseball season, the Futures Guide, a guide to minor league prospects, and assorted one-off publications.

On its website, BP’s daily publications runs the gamut from original statistical research, to coverage of prospects, to fantasy baseball, coverage of the international game, and the economics and business of major-league baseball. It also hosts regular live-chats, where subscribers can engage directly with BP writers, and podcasts, in which groups of BP writers chat about themed topics on a regular basis. Much of this content is available only behind a pay-wall, instituted in 2003, but occasional articles are published free of charge to the general public. In early 2015, BP entered into local coverage, launching stand-alone sites dedicated to the Chicago Cubs (BP Wrigleyville), the Boston Red Sox (BP Boston), the Milwaukee Brewers (BP Milwaukee) and the New York Yankees (BP Bronx). These sites, unlike the main BP site, are available entirely free of charge to the general public, but maintain their connection to proprietary BP databases and statistical tools.

BP’s print publications, which formed the original core of the BP project, build on the legacy of Bill James’ Baseball Abstracts to provide annual compendia of baseball research, projections, and knowledge localized to a particular baseball season. The Annual, BP’s flagship publication, has been published since 1997, while the Futures Guide, focusing exclusively on prospects, has been published since 2013. Standalone books— including Baseball Between the Numbers, a general sabermetric treatise, and Extra Innings, a set of twenty extended pieces by BP writers—have been published in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2012.

Theories

Baseball Prospectus writers promote several theories on proper baseball management and analysis, many of which are contrary to those of conventional baseball wisdom.

Clutch hitting

Baseball Prospectus researchers have concluded that there is no repeatable ability of clutch hitting. As writer Joe Sheehan said, "Over the course of a game, a month, a season or a career, there is virtually no evidence that any player or group of players possesses an ability to outperform his established level of ability in clutch situations, however defined." They cite studies which find that there is insignificant correlation between year-to-year performance in clutch situations.

In an article published in 2006, Nate Silver argued that clutch hitting ability does exist to a degree. He argued that although not as important as traditional baseball analysis would suggest, clutch hitting ability was more significant than other sabermetric studies had shown. The article also found there to be a connection between clutch hitting ability and situational hitting, or the ability to adjust a hitting approach to fit the given situation.

Views on traditional statistics

Baseball Prospectus writers often successfully argue that traditional baseball statistics such as RBIs, wins, and Batting Average are poor reflections of a player's true contributions. For example, they have argued that RBIs are too dependent on factors outside of the player's control, namely the production of other hitters in the lineup. They similarly argue that wins are too affected by factors such as the team's offense and bullpen.

Closer usage

Baseball Prospectus writers assert that teams are typically inefficient in their use of their best relievers. Teams typically assign their most effective reliever to the position of closer, using him in only save situations. According to many Baseball Prospectus writers, a team's best reliever should be used when the opposing team has its best chance at increasing its chances of winning.

Views on sacrifice bunts and stolen bases

Many writers argue that the sacrifice bunt and stolen base are overused in baseball. Teams will often attempt these plays when the score is close. Writers for Baseball Prospectus often argue that teams are, on average, actually lowering their expected number of runs scored. They argue that stolen base attempts are not completed frequently enough for them to be beneficial to the offense. For sacrifice bunts, they argue that the team is giving up more by sacrificing an out than they gain by advancing a runner one base. Their thinking is derived from the grid of expected runs in an inning based on the outs and runner situation, which shows that the sacrifice is detrimental to a team given average players in most of the situations in which it is typically used.

In a series of articles in 2004, James Click argued that sacrifice bunts are beneficial in some situations, dependent on the quality of the batter at the plate and the situation in the game.

Statistical tools

Baseball Prospectus writers use a wide variety of sabermetric tools. Among the major tools that they are credited with inventing are:

• Value over replacement player (VORP) – a measurement of the number of runs contributed by a player over the expected level of performance the average team can obtain if it needs to replace a starting player at minimal cost.
• Pitcher Abuse Points (PAP) – a measure of the impact of a particular start by a pitcher on his arm, based on pitch count.
• Equivalent average (EqA) – a combination of various hitting numbers designed to express a player's overall offensive contribution.
• Peripheral ERA (PERA) – a pitcher's expected ERA based on park-adjusted hits, walks, strikeouts, and home runs allowed.
• PECOTA – a system of player projection based on similarity to previous player seasons.
• Equivalent Baserunning Runs (EqBRR) – a statistic indicating a player's rate of run production resulting from his baserunning.

Voros McCracken's pathbreaking article on Defense Independent Pitching Statistics also first appeared on the BP website.

Regular writers

Current (2014)

• R. J. Anderson – began writing for BP in January 2011, specializing in transactions and roster management. He formerly wrote for Fangraphs. For BP he writes the feature column, "Painting the Black".

• Tommy Bennett – joined BP in November 2009 and was soon given a regular "Expanded Horizons" bylined column. Bennett is a former writer for the sabermetric website Beyond the Box Score and a contributor to other baseball blogs.

• Dan Brooks – joined BP in 2014 and contributed columns on numerous themes.

• Maury Brown – debuted with a new column in 2006 called "The Ledger Domain," in which he discussed the business of baseball. Since December 2011 he has been writing under the headline "Bizball". Brown is former co-chair of SABR’s Business of Baseball committee. He is the founder and creator of The Business of Sports Network, which includes BizofBaseball.com. Brown wrote an essay outlining the collusion rulings in the '80s in Rob Neyer's "Big Book of Baseball Blunders" and is a former columnist for The Hardball Times. He has also contributed to Yahoo! Sports, Baseball America and The New York Post.

• Russell Carleton – a clinical psychologist who formerly published the blog Baseball Psychologist and developed the blog Statistically Speaking, Carleton is a well-known sabermetrician under the nom de plume "Pizza Cutter" and has contributed to numerous on-line baseball blogs. He claims that sabermetrics saved his dissertation. In December 2009, he inaugurated a "Baseball Therapy" weekly column on BP. On May 3, 2010, he announced that he was departing BP. He returned to BP in July 2012.

• Jason Collette – joined the BP staff in 2010 as a fantasy baseball writer. He also writes for RotoWire and is the owner of the fantasy baseball discussion board RotoJunkie.

• Christopher Crawford – joined the BP staff in 2015 as the Senior Prospect Writer. He previously worked with Keith Law on the ESPN MLB Draft Blog.

• Corey Dawkins – joined the BP staff in February 2011. He's the creator of the blog Baseball Injury Tool. He has trained in sports medicine and served as an athletic trainer at Division I and Division III schools. With Marc Normandin, he co-authors the "Collateral Damage" feature column.

• Jeff Euston – creator of the authoritative Cot's Baseball Contracts website win 2005 which tracks the salary of every MLB player. The website was moved under BP. Euston initiated a regular "Contractual Matters" feature column on BP in January 2010.

• Nick J. Faleris – after joining the BP staff in 2013, in September 2014 he became Co-Director of the Baseball Prospectus Prospect Group.

• Ken Funck – winner of the first Prospectus Idol competition, began his feature "Changing Speeds" column in July 2009. Puts his skills in database management to work on a range of sabermetric issues, including creating SOMA ("Shorter Outings, More Appearances"), a proposal for radical change in pitching rotations.

• Larry Granillo – creator and manager of the Wezen-Ball baseball blog, Granillo began bringing the content of that blog to BaseballProspectus.com in February 2011.

• Joe Hamrahi – began writing for BP in 2010. Hamrahi previously ran Baseball Daily Digest before it was acquired by BP, and he now serves as CFO of BP.

• Matthew Kory – a writer for "Over the Monster" and "Splice Today," Kory joined the BP staff in Spring 2012.

• Max Marchi – joined BP's writing staff in 2012, with an inaugural article in January, "Marking My Debut".

• Rob McQuown – joined the BP staff in 2012.

• Chris Mellen – after joining the BP staff in 2012, in September 2014 he became Co-Director of the Baseball Prospectus Prospect Group.

• Sam Miller – joined BP in July 2011. As of 2014, Miller is Editor-in-Chief of Baseball Prospectus. Miller was formerly a blogger for the Orange County Register. He co-hosts BP's daily podcast, "Effectively Wild", and is a contributor to ESPN The Magazine.

• Jason Parks – writes about prospects and the minor leagues, under the bylined heading "Prospects Will Break Your Heart". From 2011-2012, he co-hosted the BP podcast "Up and In". At the end of August 2014 he left BP to join the Chicago Cubs baseball organization as a scout.

• Daniel Rathman – joined BP in 2014, contributing a regular "What You Need to Know" column.

• Sahadev Sharma – joined BP as an Assistant Editor in 2014.

• Doug Thorburn – initiated a feature column on pitching, "Raising Aces," in April 2012.

• Jason Wojciechowski – a writer about the A's on the "Beaneball" blog as well as a contributor to "The Platoon Advantage," Wojciechowski joined the BP crew in 2012.

• Geoff Young – founder and editor of Ducksnorts, a blog devoted to the San Diego Padres, Young joined the BP staff in 2010.

Former

• Robert Arthur – joined BP in 2014 and contributed a regular feature column called "Moonshot". On March 25, 2015, Arthur wrote his last column for BP and joined the staff of FiveThirtyEight.

• Bill Baer – joined the BP staff in 2010 as a fantasy baseball writer and contributed to BP through 2011. He also blogs about the Philadelphia Phillies at Crashburn Alley.

• Jim Baker – joined BP in 2004 and wrote a "Prospectus Matchups" weekly column through 2008, in which he discussed upcoming series. Baker contributed to the first edition of Bill James' Historical Baseball Abstract and also wrote for ESPN.com, primarily on ESPN's "Insider" and "Page 2". After leaving BP he wrote for SB Nation.

• Jesse Behr - wrote for BP from June 2010 until May 2011 with regular blog column entitled "Analyze This." Founded The 'Burgh Blues blog on the Pittsburgh Pirates and the website Field of Ignorance. 'Burgh Blues was rated the number one MLBlog in 2009. Behr is currently an associate scout for the Toronto Blue Jays.

• Dave Cameron – In 2003 wrote a regular feature, "Prospecting," in which he focused on minor league prospects. Co-author of U.S.S. Mariner blog and editor-owner of the sabermetric website FanGraphs.

• Marc Carig – joined the BP staff in May 2011 as a beat writer with a weekly feature "Clubhouse Confidential" column. Carig also writes about the Mets for Newsday. He previously covered the Yankees for the New Jersey Star Ledger and the Baltimore Orioles for the Washington Post. He is a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America.

• Alex Carnevale – in 2006 took over the "Week in Quotes" column, a collection of quotes from baseball personalities from the previous week.

• Will Carroll – a Senior Writer for BP who from 2003 through 2010 wrote the "Under The Knife" daily column, a summary of injury news, and was a host of Baseball Prospectus Radio. In the preseason, he wrote "Team Health Reports" and "Positional Health Reports." He also has published Saving the Pitcher (ISBN 1-56663-578-0), and The Juice (ISBN 1-56663-668-X), which won the 2005 Sporting News-SABR Baseball Research Award. He is a contributor to MLB.com's Fantasy 411 and writes a weekly column on NFL injuries for RotoWire.com. Carroll is a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America. At the end of September, 2010, Carroll left the BP staff.

• James Click – Began contributing to BP in 2003 and wrote a featured "Crooked Numbers" column from 2005 to 2006 until he joined the Tampa Bay Rays as Coordinator of Baseball Operations.

• Jason Cole – Wrote for BP's prospect team until November 2013, when he was hired to be a pro scout for the Tampa Bay Rays.

• Clay Davenport – a co-founder of BP who was responsible for many of the website's behind-the-scenes operations, including its advanced statistics, statistical reports, and play-off odds simulations. Davenport invented Equivalent average, the Pythagenport Formula (a variation on the Pythagorean expectation) and "Davenport Translations" or "DT's", which translate minor league and international baseball statistics into American major league baseball equivalents and place all statistics on the same scale, regardless of era. He now writes his own blog ClayDavenport.com.

• Neil deMause – a writer for BP since 2003, de Mause contributed articles about stadium building and baseball finance. In 2011 he wrote a feature column under the title of "The Payoff Pitch". He is co-author of the 1999 book Field of Schemes: How the Great Stadium Swindle Turns Public Money into Private Profit (ISBN 1-56751-138-4). He also maintains his own website as well as writing for The Village Voice and other publications.

• Bradford Doolittle – who was a writer for the sister site BasketballProspectus.com beginning in 2009, joined the BaseballProspectus.com team in February 2011. He has also been a sportswriter for the Kansas City Star and contributed articles to many baseball blogs. In 2012 he debuted a featured column with BP, "Inside the Park". He left BP in March 2013, when all BasketballProspectus.com writers departed for ESPN. He is currently an NBA writer-analyst for ESPN Insider.

• Mike Fast – joined the BP staff in 2010. He maintains his own blog, Fast Balls, and formerly wrote for The Hardball Times. In 2011, he began a regular BP column, "Spinning Yarn". In January 2012, Fast announced that he was leaving Baseball Prospectus and had been hired as an analyst by the Houston Astros.

• Dan Fox – from April 2006 to April 2008, wrote a weekly "Schrödinger's Bat" column, usually employing hard-core quantitative sabermetric techniques. Fox is a former author for The Hardball Times. In addition to innovative analyses of pitch-by-pitch data and creating new metrics accounting for baserunning, he has developed and distributed software for charting the locations of balls in play. He also expounds on sports, technology, history and other curiosities in his blog, Dan Agonistes. On April 17, 2008, in the publication of his 100th "Schrödinger's Bat" column, Fox announced that he was leaving BP to take a position as Director of Baseball Systems Development in the front office of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

• Steven Goldman – effective January 2011 became the Editor-in-Chief of the BP website, a position that he retained until March 2012. Having joined the BP staff in 2003, since 2004 he wrote "You Could Look It Up" columns, discussing baseball's history using new statistical tools; since becoming Editor-in-Chief, he began a new feature column, "The BP Broadside". Goldman edited BP's book Mind Game as well as authored his own book Forging Genius: The Making of Casey Stengel (2005 — ISBN 1-57488-873-0) (2006 — ISBN 1-57488-874-9). Goldman also wrote the "Pinstriped Bible" and "Pinstripe Blog" for the YES Network, and wrote regular columns on the New York Yankees and New York Mets for the New York Sun. He was co-editor or editor of several volumes of the Baseball Prospectus annual. In December 2011, he was selected as a BP representative in the Baseball Writers Association of America. In March 2012, he left Baseball Prospectus to become a lead baseball writer for Bleacher Report. He is now the MLB Editor for SB Nation, where he also continues his "Pinstriped Bible" blog. His final "BP Broadside" was published on March 2, 2012.

• Kevin Goldstein – assumed the role of Managing Partner of Baseball Prospectus in March, 2009. From 2006 through 2012, he wrote multiple-times-per week "Future Shock" columns on high school, college, and minor league player prospects, with an emphasis on scouting rather than sabermetrics. He also covered Winter League baseball, Spring training, the Major League Baseball draft, scouting, personnel development, and the baseball player marketplace. Before joining BP, Goldstein was a writer for Baseball America. He left Baseball Prospectus in 2012 to become the Pro Scouting Coordinator for the Houston Astros.

• Jeremy Greenhouse – formerly a writer for Baseball Analysts, Greenhouse joined BP in 2011 and writes a column under the header "Spitballing".

• Shawn Hoffman – began a regular column, "The Biz Beat," in 2009, later renamed "Squawking Baseball." Shawn also maintains a blog, Squawking Baseball, which provides a "Wall Street Analysis of the Major League Baseball Player Market". He has also published on other baseball related blogs, including The Baseball Analysts. He last published on BaseballProspectus.com in September 2010.

• Gary Huckabay – founder and former Executive Vice-President of Baseball Prospectus, announced his return as a regular contributor to BaseballProspectus.com with an "Unfiltered" post on August 2, 2007. He resumed his "6–4–3" bylined columns on September 4, 2007. However, this was one of only two such columns contributed during the 2007 season.

• Derek Jacques – since 2006 wrote on a variety of topics including the "Prospectus Game of the Week" feature in 2006, the Caribbean Series, and the "Prospectus Toolbox" series in which he explained advanced sabermetric tools in layman's language.

• Jay Jaffe – beginning in 2005 wrote a weekly "Prospectus Hit List" column, which "power ranks" all major league teams and comments on the rankings. In July 2007, Jaffe debuted a second weekly column, "Prospectus Hit and Run," which took over some of the content that previously was included in the "Hit List," while allowing him to expound his interpretation of trends more fully. Jaffe created the JAWS score for evaluating Baseball Hall of Fame Prospects. He also maintains his own Futility Infielder blog and is a staff writer for the Pinstripe Bible. In 2010, Jaffe became a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America. In April 2013, Jaffe left BP and is a writer for Sports Illustrated (SI.com).

• Rany Jazayerli – a co-founder of BP who wrote an occasional "Doctoring the Numbers" columns for Baseball Prospectus.com. For many years he also compiled BP's annual Top 50 Prospects list. He is the inventor of the concept of Pitcher Abuse Points (PAP). He has his own blog, Rany on the Royals. Since 2011 he has been a writer for Grantland.

• Sky Kalkman – formerly a writer for the blog Beyond the Box Score, Kalkman began writing for BP in 2011.

• Christina Kahrl – one of the co-founders of BP and the co-editor of most editions of the group's annual books. In April 2011 she left BP to join the baseball writing and editorial staff of ESPN.com. For BP she wrote the bi-weekly "Transaction Analysis" columns, listing and then commenting on the roster activity of all 30 major league teams. In 2011 she began a new feature column, "Purpose Pitches". She has also written for SportsIllustrated.com, ESPN.com, the New York Sun, Salon.com, Slate, Playboy, and the Washington Blade, and was an associate editor of The ESPN Pro Football Encyclopedia. She is the former Acquisitions Editor of Brassey's Sports, a mid-list publisher that focused on sports history and analysis. Kahrl is a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America.

• Jonah Keri – wrote on miscellaneous topics, most involving interviews with baseball administrators and personalities. Edited BP's book Baseball Between the Numbers. He is the author of The Extra 2%: How Wall Street Strategies Took a Major League Baseball Team from Worst to First (2011) (ISBN 0345517652). He was a senior writer for Fangraphs and is now a writer for Grantland and FiveThirtyEight.

• David Laurila – from late 2006 to May 2011 took the main responsibility for the "Prospectus Q & A" column, in which he interviewed personages from the baseball community: players, managers, and analysts/writers. He is the author of the book Interviews from Red Sox Nation (2006) (ISBN 0977743616). As of December, 2010, Laurila is a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America. Laurila began writing for Fangraphs in May 2011.

• Keith Law – a writer for BP from 1997 until 2002 when he joined the Toronto Bluejays organization as a "Consultant to Baseball Operations." Now a writer for ESPN.com and a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America.

• Ben Lindbergh – appointed as an editor of Baseball Prospectus in January 2011, then promoted to Managing Editor in March 2012 and Editor-in-Chief in July 2012, a roll that he departed in 2014. He now writes for Grantland. First contributed to BP in 2008 and began writing a by-lined column "Overthinking It" in 2010. He was editor of the two-volume Best of Baseball Prospectus collection, published in 2011. In December 2011, he was selected as a BP representative in the Baseball Writers Association of America.

• Joey Matschulat – joined BP in 2011 and writes a column under the header "Divide and Conquer." Matschulat also writes for the Texas Rangers blog Baseball Time in Arlington.

• Zach 'Mort' Mortimer – Wrote BP's Minor League Update until he was hired by the St. Louis Cardinals to be an amateur scout.

• Marc Normandin – a writer for BP from 2006 until 2011, wrote the weekly "Player Profile" column in which he analyzed the record and performance of a particular player from a sabermetric perspective. Beginning in Fall 2007 he wrote a twice-weekly "BP Fantasy Beat" column, offering strategic advice to fantasy baseball players. In February 2010 he announced his appointment as BP's Fantasy Manager. As of 2014, we was a writer for SB Nation.

• Doug Pappas – was a regular contributor to Baseball Prospectus from 2001 to 2004 and a listed contributor to the 4th and 5th editions of Total Baseball. Pappas was also very active within the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), in 1994 founding and then chairing the SABR Business of Baseball committee and serving as the organization's parliamentarian.

• John Perrotto – beginning in 2007 enhanced BP's coverage with his "Every Given Sunday" column and a mid-week "On the Beat" column. In 2010 he also served in the role of BP.com's Editor in Chief (succeeded by Steven Goldman in that role). From 1982 through 2008 he was on the staff of The Beaver County Times and some of his other work can be found online at Timesonline.com. Perrotto also writes regular "Around the Rim" and "On the Beat" columns for Basketball Prospectus. Perrotto phased out his role at BP in mid-summer 2013 and now covers baseball for USA Today Sports. He is a member of the Baseball Writers Association of America.

• Dayn Perry – wrote his "Can of Corn" column on BP from 2003 to 2008, except for a two-year hiatus in 2006–2007. Author of the book Winners: How Good Baseball Teams Become Great Ones (2006) (ISBN 0471721743), Perry is a regular contributor to FoxSports.com and also writes for Fangraphs.

• Mike Petriello – joined the BP staff in 2010 as a fantasy baseball writer. He also blogs about the Los Angeles Dodgers at Mike Scioscia's Tragic Illness.

• David Pinto – joined BP in 2007 and wrote "The Big Picture", a weekly column which presented ideas about the big leagues in general. Pinto is also a writer for Baseball Musings, a general interest baseball blog. On September 26, 2007, Pinto wrote a farewell column at BP and announced that he will become a regular columnist for Sporting News.

• Chris St. John – formerly a writer for Beyond the Box Score and The Process Report, joined BP in June 2011.

• Eric Seidman – after joining BP in 2008, from 2009 til 2010 he published a feature column, "Checking the Numbers". In April 2010, he began a bi-weekly "Seidnotes" column as well. He last published on Baseball Prospectus in February 2011, and now writes for Fangraphs.

• Joe Sheehan – a co-founder and a BP Senior Writer who discussed an important topic from the previous day's action in the almost-daily "Prospectus Today" column. Sheehan co-edited the first Baseball Prospectus annual volume, which appeared in 1996, as well as several subsequent editions. In October 2007, he assumed an added role as Managing Editor of Basketball Prospectus. In his last BP column, published on December 31, 2009, Sheehan wrote: "This is my last column for Baseball Prospectus. My contract ends today, making me like any number of free agents looking for work. No hard feelings or recriminations, just two entities doing business". Since 2010 he has published an "Inside Baseball" column in Sports Illustrated.

• Nate Silver – from 2003 to 2009 wrote a "Lies, Damned Lies" column, which often debunked current common baseball opinion. He also served as BP's Managing Partner. Silver created BP's PECOTA forecasting system, the QuikERA (QERA) statistic, MORP (Market value Over Replacement Player), and the Elo rating adapted by Clay Davenport for use in BP's Postseason Odds report. In 2009 he created ESPN's Soccer Power Index (SPi) for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He writes the political blog FiveThirtyEight, which operated as a licensed feature of The New York Times online from August 2010 to August 2013. In July 2013, ESPN announced that it had acquired the rights to the FiveThirtyEight brand and site, and Silver would become its editor-in-chief.

• Bryan Smith – joined the BP staff in 2007 after merging his Wait 'Til Next Year blog into The Baseball Analysts in 2005. Writes on college baseball, the minor leagues, and major league prospects under the "Wait 'Til Next Year" feature heading. Smith has also written for SI.com, Baseball America, and other media outlets. In May 2008, he left BP to take a position with MLB Advanced Media. In February 2009 Smith rejoined BP and resumed his Wait 'Til Next Year column. As of 2010 he was a writer for Fangraphs.

• Matt Swartz – began writing a regular feature column "Ahead in the Count" in July 2009 after being a finalist in BP's "Prospectus Idol" competition. He is one of the bloglords at The Good Phight, a Philadelphia Phillies blog, and has contributed sabermetrically oriented articles to other online media. As of 2011 he was a writer for Fangraphs.

• Dan Turkenkopf – formerly a writer for Beyond the Box Score and The Hardball Times, joined BP in 2011. Turkenkopf was hired to be a developer of baseball systems for the Tampa Bay Rays

• Keith Woolner – began writing for BP in 1999 and in 2001–2007 wrote "Aim For The Head" columns, discussing statistics and how they help to interpret the game. Worked behind the scenes on BP's databases and the "statistics" section of the website. Woolner invented Value over replacement player and a variation on Pitcher Abuse Points. Woolner left BP in May 2007 to join the front office of the Cleveland Indians.

• Colin Wyers – formerly a writer for The Hardball Times, Wyers joined the BP staff in December 2009. A Cubs fan and resident of Davenport, Iowa, Wyers was engaged in developing new defense metrics. In 2010 be began to write a regular feature column under the heading "Manufactured Runs", and became the chief architect of improvements in the PECOTA forecasting system. In November 2013, he announced his departure from BP to begin a position with the Houston Astros as a mathematical modeler.

• Derek Zumsteg – From 2002 to 2007 wrote a feature "Breaking Balls" column for BP. Beginning in 2000 he also wrote numerous other columns, including founding the "Week in Quotes" feature. Co-owner, with David Cameron, of the U.S.S. Mariner blog devoted to the Seattle Mariners.

Criticism

Criticism of methodology

Baseball Prospectus, as well as other sabermetric analysts, are criticized for taking the human aspect out of the game of baseball. For example, Murray Chass of The New York Times wrote in an article that he did not want to hear or read about new-age baseball statistics any more (referencing Value over replacement player specifically), saying:

"I suppose that if stats mongers want to sit at their computers and play with these things all day long, that’s their prerogative. But their attempt to introduce these new-age statistics into the game threatens to undermine most fans’ enjoyment of baseball and the human factor therein. People play baseball. Numbers don’t."

Nate Silver, BP's Managing Partner at the time, responded to this criticism in "An Open Letter to Murray Chass," including offering to meet Chass to watch a ballgame. He expounded on the case for a positive impact of sabermetrics on the game of baseball in an article "How Sabermetrics Helps Build a Better Ballgame," published on Baseball Analysts.com.

Another type of criticism comes from those who believe that by broadening its coverage and audience, Baseball Prospectus is becoming more like the mainstream media and losing what made it unique. In response to a question along this line in an on-line chat, Silver wrote:

From a brand standpoint, we're more concerned about differentiation based on quality than differentiation based on where we fall on sort of the "saberpolitical" spectrum.

Criticism of journalistic standards

Baseball Prospectus was widely criticized for publishing and aggressively promoting a 2003 story claiming that banished player/manager Pete Rose had reached an agreement to return to baseball. Will Carroll made the rounds on television and radio, claiming to have spoken to unnamed sources who had actually seen the agreement. Spokesmen for both Rose and Major League Baseball refuted the claim, but Carroll and his colleagues insisted their reporting was accurate. No other news source confirmed the story. In fact, Rose was not reinstated and remains banned from baseball.

Books published by Baseball Prospectus

Annuals

• Baseball Prospectus ’96. Joe Sheehan, Clay Davenport, and Gary Huckabay, Eds. Self-published. 1996.

• Baseball Prospectus '97. Joe Sheehan, Clay Davenport, and Gary Huckabay, Eds. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 1997. ISBN 0-9655674-0-0.

• Baseball Prospectus: 1998. Gary Huckabay, Ed. Washington D.C.: Potomac Books Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 1998. ISBN 1-57488-177-9.

• Baseball Prospectus: 1999. Clay Davenport, Chris Kahrl, Keith Law, Rany Jazayerli, and Joseph Sheehan, Eds. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc. (former Brassey's Inc.), 1999. ISBN 1-57488-192-2.

• Baseball Prospectus 2000. Chris Kahrl, Clay Davenport, Joseph S,. Sheehan, and Rany Jazayerli, Eds. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 2000. ISBN 1-57488-214-7.

• Baseball Prospectus 2001. Joseph S. Sheehan, Chris Kahrl, Clay Davenport, Eds. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 2001. ISBN 1-57488-323-2.

• Baseball Prospectus 2002. Joseph S. Sheehan, Ed. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 2002. ISBN 1-57488-428-X.

• Baseball Prospectus 2003. Gary Huckabay, Chris Kahrl, Dave Pease, Eds. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. (former Brassey’s Inc.), 2003. ISBN 1-57488-561-8.

• Baseball Prospectus 2004. Baseball Prospectus Team of Experts on Baseball Talent. New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2004. ISBN 0-7611-3402-6.

• Baseball Prospectus 2005. Baseball Prospectus Team of Experts on Baseball Talent. New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2005. ISBN 0-7611-3578-2.

• Baseball Prospectus 2006. Steven Goldman and Christina Kahrl, Eds. New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2006. ISBN 0-7611-3995-8.

• Baseball Prospectus 2007. Steven Goldman and Christina Kahrl, Eds. New York: Penguin (Plume), 2007. ISBN 0-452-28825-8.

• Baseball Prospectus 2008. Steven Goldman and Christina Kahrl, Eds. New York: Penguin (Plume), 2008. ISBN 0-452-28903-3.

• Baseball Prospectus 2009. Steven Goldman and Christina Kahrl, Eds. New York: Penguin (Plume), 2009. ISBN 0-452-29011-2.

• Baseball Prospectus 2010. Steven Goldman and Christina Kahrl, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2010. ISBN 0-470-55840-7.

• Baseball Prospectus 2011. Steven Goldman, Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 978-0-470-62206-3.

• Baseball Prospectus 2012. King Kaufman and Cecelia M. Tan, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. ISBN 978-0-470-62207-0.

• Baseball Prospectus 2013. King Kaufman and Cecelia M. Tan, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. ISBN 978-1-118-45919-5.

• Baseball Prospectus 2014. Sam Miller and Jason Wojciechowski, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2014. ISBN 978-1-118-45923-2.

• Baseball Prospectus 2015. Sam Miller and Jason Wojciechowski, Eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2015. ISBN 978-1-118-47145-6

• Baseball Prospectus Futures Guide 2013. Dave Pease, Ed. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN. 978-1-484-88133-0.

• Baseball Prospectus Futures Guide 2014. Geoff Young, Ed. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-495-93779-8.

Monographs

• Mind Game: How the Boston Red Sox Got Smart, Won a World Series, and Created a New Blueprint for Winning. Steven Goldman, Ed. New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2005. ISBN 0-7611-4018-2.

• Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game Is Wrong. Jonah Keri, Ed. New York: Basic Books, 2006. ISBN 0-465-00596-9 (hardback) and ISBN 0-465-00547-0 (paperback).

• It Ain't over 'til It's over: The Baseball Prospectus Pennant Race Book. Steven Goldman, Ed. New York: Basic Books. Hardback 2007. ISBN 0-465-00284-6; paperback 2008. ISBN 0-465-00285-4.

• Extra Innings: More Baseball Between the Numbers from the Team at Baseball Prospectus. Steven Goldman, Ed. New York: Basic Books, 2012. ISBN 0-465-02403-3 (hardback).

Collections of BaseballProspectus.com articles

• Best of Baseball Prospectus: 1996–2011 (Volume 1). Ben Lindbergh, Ed. CreateSpace, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4664-7279-2.
• Best of Baseball Prospectus: 1996–2011 (Volume 2). Ben Lindbergh, Ed. CreateSpace, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4680-3835-4.

External links

• Articles by BP writers in ESPN archive, 2003
• Articles by BP writers in ESPN Insider archive
• Articles by BP writers in Sports Illustrated vault
• Baseball Prospectus website
• Baseball Daily Digest website
• Basketball Prospectus website
• Hockey Prospectus website
• FootballOutsiders.com

Notes

5. See, for example, James Fraser, "'Baseball Prospectus' — Escaping Bill James' Shadow," By the Numbers (Newsletter of the SABR Statistical Analysis Committee) 10, No. 2 (May 2000).
6. "Press Release: BP Announces Free Access to Archives," BaseballProspectus.com, May 23, 2011.
9. Silver, Nate (2006). Jonah Keri (ed.). Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game Is Wrong. New York: Basic Books. pp. 14–34. ISBN 0-465-00596-9.
13. Sheehan, Joe. "The Concept of Clutch". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
14. Silver, Nate (2006). Jonah Keri (ed.). Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game Is Wrong. New York: Basic Books. pp. 14–34. ISBN 0-465-00596-9.
15. Keri, Jonah (2006). Jonah Keri (ed.). Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game Is Wrong. New York: Basic Books. pp. 1–4. ISBN 0-465-00596-9.
16. Perry, Dayn. "Measuring Offense". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
17. Perry, Dayn; Woolner, Keith (2006). Jonah Keri (ed.). Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game Is Wrong. New York: Basic Books. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-465-00596-9.
18. Zumsteg, Derek. "How to Run a Bullpen". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
19. Sheehan, Joe. "Stolen Bases and How to Use Them". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
20. Run expectancy matrix available here for all users and here for paid subscribers.
21. Click, James. "When Does it Make Sense to Sacrifice?" (links to part 1 of series).
22. Keith, Woolner. "Introduction to VORP: Value Over Replacement Player".
23. ^ Jazayerli, Rany. "How We Measure Pitcher Usage". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
24. Davenport, Clay. "About EqA". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
25. Baseball Prospectus | Glossary
26. Silver, Nate. "The Science of Forecasting". Baseball Prospectus Basics.
27. This new statistic was incorporated into BP's regular daily and seasonal statistical reports effective with the 2008 season but also calculated for previous seasons. It has also been incorporated into PECOTA estimates for 2008. The fundamental work on this metric was developed in a series of columns by Dan Fox. See, for example, Dan Fox, Schrodinger's Bat: The Running Man," BaseballProspectus.com, September 7, 2006, "Schrodinger's Bat: The Baserunning Edition," Baseball Prospectus, October 18, 2007, and "A Running Comparison," Baseball Prospectus/Unfiltered, November 14, 2007. Also see Dan Fox, "The Tortoise, the Hare, and Juan Pierre: Translating Baserunning into Runs," in S. Goldman and C. Kahrl, Eds., Baseball Prospectus 2008 (New York: Plume, 2008): 558–563.
28. Baseball Prospectus | Articles | Pitching and Defense
29. On Bennett's background, see Carson Cistulli, "Why Tommy Bennett Writes," Fangraphs, May 19, 2010.
30. The Business of Sports Network
31. BizofBaseball.com
32. Baseball Psychologist
33. Statistically Speaking
34. Pizza Cutter , "How Sabermetrics Saved My Dissertation," The Hardball Times, November 23, 2009.
35. Russell Carleton, "Baseball Therapy: Why Are Games So Long?" BaseballProspectus.com, May 3, 2010.
36. RotoWire
37. RotoJunkie
38. Baseball Injury Tool
39. Corey Dawkins and Marc Normandin, "Collateral Damage: The Injury Beat Goes On," BaseballProspectus.com, February 21, 2011. .
40. Cot's Baseball Contracts
41. John Donovan, "Cot's is one-stop shopping for contracts info," SportsIllustrated.com, November 28, 2008.
42. Goold, Derrick (February 21, 2012). "What does a catcher cost these days?". STLToday.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012.
43. ^ Joe Hamrahi, "The Future: BP's Prospect Team," Baseball Prospectus, September 2, 2014.
44. Dave Pease, "Prospectus Idol: We Have a Winner," BaseballProspectus, July 16, 2009.
45. Ken Funck, "Prospectus Idol Entry: A Brave New World of Pitcher Usage," BaseballProspectus, July 13, 2009.
46. Wezen-Ball
47. Baseball Daily Digest
48. Max Marchi, "Marking My Debut," BaseballProspectus.com, January 27, 2012.
49. Adam J. Morris, "Chicago Cubs Hire Jason Parks," SB Nation, August 27, 2014.
50. Doug Thorburn, "Raising Aces: Pitchology 101," BaseballProspectus.com, April 4, 2012.
51. Ducksnorts
52. Robert Arthur, "Moonshot: If We Can Land a Man on the Moon, Surely I Can Get Good Data -- A BP Writer Signs Off", Baseball Prospectus, March 25, 2015.
53. Field of Ignorance.com
54. U.S.S. Mariner
55. RotoWire.com
56. Will Carroll, "What's Next?," Will Caroll's Rndm Crap, October 1, 2010 .
57. Alan Schwarz, "Computers Are a Good Bet on Figuring Playoff Odds," The New York Times, August 6, 2006.
58. Davenport, Clay; Woolner, Keith. "Revisiting the Pythagorean Theorem: Putting Bill James' Pythagorean Theorem to the test".
59. Davenport, Clay. "DTs vs. MLEs – A Validation Study".
60. ClayDavenport.com.
61. de Mause website
62. Fast Balls
63. Dan Fox, "Schrodinger's Bat: Taking Advantage," BaseballProspectus.com, September 20, 2007.
64. Dan Fox, "Schrodinger's Bat: Always Increasing, BaseballProspectus.com, November 29, 2007.
65. Dan Agonistes
66. Dan Fox, "Schrodinger's Bat: Opus 100," BaseballProspectus.com, April 17, 2008.
67. Steven Goldman, "The BP Broadside: Shirley a New Beginning, BaseballProspectus.com, January 31, 2011.
68. ^ "Pinstriped Bible"
69. "Pinstripe Blog"
70. Steven Goldman, "The Final Broadside," BaseballProspectus.com, March 2, 2012.
71. Cite error: The named reference baseballprospectus.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
72. [Kevin Goldstein, "Goodbye to the Internet", BaseballProspectus.com August 31, 2012.
73. Squawking Baseball
74. The Baseball Analysts.
75. Gary Huckabay, "An Unforgiving Foe & Gratitude," BaseballProspectus.com, Aug. 2, 2007.
76. http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=3674 and http://www.baseballprospectus.com/glossary/index.php?mode=viewstat&stat=477
77. Futility Infielder
78. Pinstripe Bible
79. Rany on the Royals.
80. ^ Beyond the Box Score
81. Christina Kahr, "Purpose Pitches: A New Delivery," BaseballProspectus.com, April 1, 2011.
82. Christina Kahrl on Penguin Group (USA)
83. Baseball Time in Arlington
84. Cite error: The named reference ReferenceA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
85. SB Nation
86. TimesOnline.com
87. Basketball Prospectus
88. Mike Scioscia's Tragic Illness
89. http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=6057
90. The Process Report
91. The first such column was Eric Seidman, "Seidnotes: Volume 1," BaseballProspectus.com, April 29, 2010.
92. Basketball Prospectus
93. Joe Sheehan, "Prospectus Today: Retrospective on Runs and Records," BaseballProspectus.com, December 31, 2009.
94. Nate Silver, "Playoff Odds," BaseballProspectus.com, September 27, 2006.
95. Nate Silver, "A Mulligan on Guzman," BaseballProspectus.com, October 12, 2005.
96. Elo-Based Post-season odds report
97. Nate Silver, "We Are Elo?" BaseballProspectus.com, June 28, 2006.
98. ESPN Soccer Power Index.
99. "Nate Silver makes move to ESPN," ESPN.com, July 22, 2013.
100. "Prospectus Idol"
101. The Good Phight
102. Also see Rob Neyer, "The World According to VORP," ESPN.com (February 2, 2007).
103. http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=1499
104. Keith Woolner, "Aim for the Head: Aim for the Front Office," BaseballProspectus.com (May 4, 2007).
105. His first BP article was on the subject: Colin Wyers, "Getting Out of the Zone: A New Way to Look at Defense," BaseballProspectus.com, January 29, 2010.
106. Wyers, Colin (November 1, 2013). "Manufactured Runs". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved November 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
107. U.S.S. Mariner.
108. Chass, Murray (February 27, 2007). "As Season Approaches, Some Topics Should Be Off Limits". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
109. Nate Silver, "An Open Letter to Murray Chass,"BaseballProspectus.com, February 27, 2007.
110. Nate Silver, "How Sabermetrics Helps Build a Better Ballgame," Baseball Analysts, May 10, 2007.
111. Nate Silver, "Chat," BaseballProspectus.com, June 27, 2007.
112. Derek Zumsteg & Will Carroll,"The Return of Pete Rose: Exclusive – He's Back in Baseball in 2004", August 12, 2003.
113. King Kaufman, "Sports Daily", August 12, 2003.
114. ESPN.com, "Report called 'unfounded' and 'irresponsible'", August 12, 2003.
115. "Baseball Denies Deal with Rose", August 14, 2003.
116. Baseball Hall of Fame website, "Why isn't Pete Rose in the Hall of Fame?"

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