Gleb Yakunin: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox Politician		{{Infobox Politician
	\|birthname=Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin		\|birthname=Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin
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	\|image= Gleb Yakunin.JPG		\|image= Gleb Yakunin.JPG
	\|caption=Gleb Yakunin at a Moscow opposition rally November 3, 2012		\|caption=Gleb Yakunin at a Moscow opposition rally November 3, 2012
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	Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an ] in 1965 to the ], ], where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a '']'' ("self-published", i.e., ]). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. ] supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius.		Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an ] in 1965 to the ], ], where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a '']'' ("self-published", i.e., ]). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. ] supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius.

	In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all ]s. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for ] in 28 August 1980. He was kept in the ] ] until 1985, and then in a ] known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by ] in ].		In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all ]s. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for ] on 28 August 1980. He was kept in the ] ] until 1985, and then in a ] known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by ] in ].

	Gleb Yakunin was given ] in March 1987 under ]. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was ] in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the ] and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country.		Gleb Yakunin was given ] in March 1987 under ]. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was ] in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the ] and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country.
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	==External links==		==External links==
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	=== His writings ===		=== His writings ===
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	===Russian Orthodox Church===		===Russian Orthodox Church===
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	{{Moscow Helsinki Group}}		{{Moscow Helsinki Group}}
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	{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->		{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
	\| NAME = Yakunin, Gleb		\| NAME = Yakunin, Gleb

Revision as of 17:38, 13 December 2015

Gleb Yakunin
Gleb Yakunin at a Moscow opposition rally November 3, 2012

Member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (1990-1993)
Member of the State Duma (1993-1995)

Personal details
Born	Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin (1934-03-04)4 March 1934 Moscow, Soviet Union
Died	25 December 2014(2014-12-25) (aged 80) Moscow, Russia
Nationality	Russian
Political party	Democratic Choice of Russia

Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin (Template:Lang-ru; 4 March 1934 – 25 December 2014) was a Russian priest and dissident, who fought for the principle of freedom of conscience in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, and was elected member of the Russian Parliament from 1990 to 1995.

Life

Gleb Yakunin was born into a musical family. He studied biology at Irkutsk Agricultural Institute. He converted to Christianity at the end of the 1950s, after coming into contact with Alexander Men, and graduated from the Moscow Theological Seminary of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1959. In August 1962 he was ordained a priest and was appointed to the parish church in the city of Dmitrov near Moscow.

Together with the priest Nikolai Eschliman, Yakunin wrote an open letter in 1965 to the Patriarch of Moscow, Alexius I, where he argued that the Church must be liberated from the total control of the Soviet state. The letter was published as a samizdat ("self-published", i.e., underground press). In retaliation for this, he was forbidden to continue his priestly ministry in the parish in May 1966. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn supported Gleb Yakunin and Nikolai Eschliman in his letter to Patriarch Alexius.

In 1976 he created the Christian Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Believers in the USSR. He published several hundreds of articles about the suppression of religious freedom in the Soviet Union. These documents were used by dissidents of all religious denominations. Yakunin was arrested and convicted for anti-Soviet agitation on 28 August 1980. He was kept in the KGB Lefortovo prison until 1985, and then in a labor camp known as "Perm 37". Later, he was punished by involuntary settlement in Yakutia.

Gleb Yakunin was given amnesty in March 1987 under Mikhail Gorbachev. He was allowed to return to Moscow and worked again as a priest until 1992. He was rehabilitated in 1991. In 1990 Yakunin was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation and worked as deputy chairman the Parliamentary Committee for the Freedom of Conscience. He was co-author of the law concerning "freedom of all denominations" that was used for the opening of churches and monasteries throughout the country.

Gleb Yakunin was a member of the committee created for the investigation of the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 and chaired by Lev Ponomaryov, and thereby gained the access to secret KGB archives. In March 1992 he published materials about the cooperation between the Moscow Patriarchate and the KGB. He claimed that the code names of several high-rank KGB agents in the Orthodox Church were those of Patriarch Alexius II, Mitropolitans Filaret of Kiev, Pitrim of Volokolamsk, and others. The Russian church excommunicated Yakunin in 1993.

Gleb Yakunin was one of the organizers of the democratic alliance "Choice of Russia" in 1993, prior to the opening of the Constituent Assembly of Russia called by the Russian president Boris Yeltsin. He became a State Duma delegate representing the party "Democratic Russia" in 1996. He created the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience in 1995. He criticized the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" adopted by the Duma and made numerous statements in support of human rights in Russia.

As is traditional for Orthodox parish priests, Gleb Yakunin was married, and has three children: Maria, Alexander and Anna.

He died at the age of 80 after a long illness on 25 December 2014.

Writings

Gleb Yakunin, Lev Regelson: "Christians under communist rule: How Shall we Answer the Call?" Appeal at D. 5. Plenary assembly D. Ökumeni advice D. Churches. Faith in the Second World, Küsnacht, 1978
Gleb Yakunin, Lev Regelson: Letters from Moscow: Religion and Human Rights in the USSR. Keston College, Keston/San Francisco, 1978
Gleb Yakunin: O sovremennom polozhenii Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi i perspektivakh religioznogo vozrozhdeniya Rossii: Doklad Khristianskomu Komitetu zashchitu prav veruyushchikh v SSSR. Posev, Frankfurt am Main 1979
Sergei Pushkarev, Vladimir Rusak, Gleb Yakunin: Christianity and Government in Russia and the Soviet Union: Reflections on the Millennium. Westview press, Boulder/London 1989, ISBN 0-8133-7524-X

References

^ "Father Yakunin's Defiant Faith". The Wall Street Journal. 1 January 2015.
Declaration of the Committee for Defense of Freedom of Conscience regarding the Russian State Duma's adoption of the draft of the law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations", 20-06-97
Father Gleb Yakunin: Religion Law is a Step Backward for Russia
Appeal of the Representatives of Russian Civil Society, November 15, 2005
В Москве скончался правозащитник, член Московской Хельсинкской группы Глеб Якунин (in Russian). Echo of Moscow. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.

External links

His writings

Russian Orthodox Church

Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, "The Sword and the Shield", Chapter 28, The Penetration and Persecution of the Soviet Churches, 1999
Russia: the Orthodox Church and the Kremlin's New Mission - by Victor Yasmann, RFE/RL, April 10, 2006.
Russia: Introduction of Religious Curriculum Studied, RFE/RL, September 7, 2006
Letter by David Satter
Chekists in Cassocks: The Orthodox Church and the KGB - by Keith Armes
The Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Aleksii II and the Russian State: An Unholy Alliance? - by Leslie L. McGann
The Battle for the Russian Orthodox Church - by Vladimir Moss
The Orthodox Church at the End of the Millenium, 1990-2000 by Vladimir Moss
The Betrayal of the Church - by Edmund W. Robb and Julia Robb, 1986
The Yakunin vs. Dvorkin Trial and the Emerging Religious Pluralism in Russia - by Marat S. Shterin and James T. Richardson
"U.S. Food Aid Through Patriarchate May Be Abused, Priest Says; Distributor Tied to Illegal Activity & Trafficking in Parts of Unborn Babies" - by Russia Reform Monitor No. 584, February 11, 1999

Other

v t e Soviet dissidents
Human rights movement in the Soviet Union: Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR Committee on Human Rights in the USSR Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund Moscow Helsinki Group Ukrainian Helsinki Group Lithuanian Helsinki Group‎ Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes Helsinki-86 Memorial
Mikhail Agursky Vasily Aksyonov Lyudmila Alexeyeva Andrei Amalrik Chabua Amirejibi Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko Gunārs Astra Mykola Bakay Anna Barkova Vasile Bătrânac Arkadiy Belinkov Nikolai Berdyaev Yuri Bezmenov Larisa Bogoraz Alexander Bolonkin Yelena Bonner Leonid Borodin Vladimir Bougrine Joseph Brodsky Vladimir Bukovsky Valery Chalidze Lev Chernyi Boris Chichibabin Viacheslav Chornovil Lydia Chukovskaya Yuli Daniel Vadim Delaunay Andrey Derevyankin David Devdariani Ivan Drach Yuri Druzhnikov Mustafa Dzhemilev Ivan Dziuba Abulfaz Elchibey Alexander Esenin-Volpin Eliyahu Essas Efim Etkind Benjamin Fain Viktor Fainberg Moysey Fishbein Ilya Gabay Balys Gajauskas Yuri Galanskov Alexander Galich Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev Zviad Gamsakhurdia Vladimir Gershuni Alexander Ginzburg Yevgenia Ginzburg Anatoly Gladilin Semyon Gluzman Natalya Gorbanevskaya Pyotr Grigorenko Sergei Grigoryants Vasily Grossman Igor Guberman Tengiz Gudava Paruyr Hayrikyan Ivan Hel Oleksa Hirnyk Mykola Horbal Bohdan Horyn Mykhailo Horyn Grigory Isayev Boris Kagarlitsky Romas Kalanta Sofiya Kalistratova Ihor Kalynets Iryna Kalynets Vitaliy Kalynychenko Dina Kaminskaya Ivan Kandyba Ephraim Kholmyansky Yuliy Kim Nikolai Klyuev Lev Kopelev Boris Korczak Anatoly Koryagin Nahum Korzhavin Merab Kostava Lina Kostenko Sergei Kovalev Zoya Krakhmalnikova Victor Krasin Yuri Kublanovsky Jüri Kukk Anatoly Kuznetsov Eduard Kuznetsov Malva Landa Alexander Lavut Mikhail Leontovich Alexander Lerner Yaroslav Lesiv Eugene Levich Veniamin Levich Eduard Limonov Jüri Lina Pavel Litvinov Levko Lukyanenko Nikolay Lossky Kronid Lyubarsky Michail J. Makarenko Vasyl Makukh Guram Mamulia Nadezhda Mandelstam Anatoly Marchenko Valeriy Marchenko Myroslav Marynovych Grigorii Maksimov Roy Medvedev Zhores Medvedev Naum Meiman Mykhailo Melnyk Alexander Men Yosef Mendelevitch Vazif Meylanov Andrei Mironov Ion Moraru Viktor Nekipelov Viktor Nekrasov Alexander Nekrich Valeriya Novodvorskaya Vasile Odobescu Alexander Ogorodnikov Yuri Orlov Raisa Orlova Yulian Panich Lagle Parek Boris Pasternak Konstantin Paustovsky Gleb Pavlovsky Zianon Pazniak Yekaterina Peshkova Viktoras Petkus Alexander Piatigorsky Leonid Plyushch Alexandr Podrabinek Grigory Pomerants Vladimir Pribylovsky Dmitri Prigov Anatoly Pristavkin Boris Pustyntsev Irina Ratushinskaya Eliyahu Rips Arseny Roginsky Maria Rozanova Mykola Rudenko Yuly Rybakov Ain Saar Valery Sablin Andrei Sakharov Dmitri Savitski Shmuel Schneurson Iryna Senyk Victor Serge Efraim Sevela Igor Shafarevich Varlam Shalamov Avital Sharansky Natan Sharansky Alexander Shatravka Vladimir Shelkov Yurii Shukhevych Danylo Shumuk Andrei Sinyavsky Vladimir Slepak Victor Sokolov Sergei Soldatov Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Pitirim Sorokin Galina Starovoytova Vladimir Strelnikov Aleksandras Štromas Vasyl Stus Nadiya Svitlychna Ivan Svitlichny Vasyl Symonenko Les Tanyuk Alexander Tarasov Valery Tarsis Enn Tarto Lev Timofeev Valentin Turchin Andrei Tverdokhlebov Tatyana Velikanova Tomas Venclova Georgi Vins Georgi Vladimov Vladimir Voinovich Michael Voslenski Anatoly Yakobson Gleb Yakunin Venedikt Yerofeyev Yevgeny Zamyatin Alexander Zinoviev Yosyf Zisels

Soviet dissidents

v t e Moscow Helsinki Group
Helsinki Accords Helsinki Watch (Human Rights Watch) CSCE (OSCE) International Helsinki Federation (Helsinki Committee) Lithuanian Helsinki Group‎ Ukrainian Helsinki Group Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union
Chairs	Yuri Orlov (1976–1982) Larisa Bogoraz (1989–1994) Kronid Lyubarsky (1994–1996) Lyudmila Alexeyeva (1996–2018)
Current executive director	Nina Tagankina
Full members	Lyudmila Alexeyeva Boris Altshuler Vyacheslav Bakhmin Valery Borshchyov Yuri Edelshtein Sergey Kovalyov Viktoria Malikova Vladimir Mironov Karinna Moskalenko Yuri Orlov Sergey Pashin Alexander Petrov Mara Polyakova Lev Ponomaryov Henri Reznik Alexey Simonov Sergey Sorokin Boris Zolotukhin
Post-Soviet era	Valery Abramkin Ernest Ametistov Larisa Bogoraz Iosif Dyadkin Kristopher Goetterud Dina Kaminskaya Kronid Lyubarsky Boris Pinsker Alexey Smirnov Galina Starovoitova Leonard Ternovsky Lev Timofeev Gleb Yakunin
1976–1982	Lyudmila Alexeyeva Mikhail Bernshtam Yelena Bonner Alexander Ginzburg Pyotr Grigorenko Sofiya Kalistratova Ivan Kovalyov Alexander Korchak Malva Landa Anatoly Marchenko Naum Meiman Yuri Mnyukh Viktor Nekipelov Yuri Orlov Tatiana Osipova Sergey Polikanov Vitaly Rubin Felix Serebrov Natan Sharansky Vladimir Slepak Leonard Ternovsky Yuri Yarym-Agaev

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