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{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Orwell, Vermont
|settlement_type = ]
|nickname = "The Fortress of America"
|motto = "First in Revolution, First in Recreation"

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline = Orwellvttownhall.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Orwell town hall
|image_flag =
|image_seal =

<!-- Maps -->
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|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Orwell, Vermont
|image_map1 =
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|pushpin_map = USA
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_region = US-VT
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = ]
|subdivision_type2 = ]
|subdivision_name2 = ]

<!-- Government -->
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<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 128.6
|area_land_km2 = 122.2
|area_water_km2 = 6.5
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = ]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1250
|population_density_km2 = 10.2
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<!-- General information -->
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|elevation_m = 116
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|latd = 43 |latm = 48 |lats = 30 |latNS = N
|longd = 73 |longm = 17 |longs = 1 |longEW = W

<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = ]
|postal_code = 05760
|area_code = ]
|area_code_type = ]
|blank_name = ]
|blank_info = 50-53725<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}</ref>
|blank1_name = ] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1462168<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|www.town-of-orwell.org}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Orwell''' is a town in ], United States. The population was 1,250 at the ].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/0600000US5000153725| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Orwell town, Addison County, Vermont| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref> ] was the largest fortification constructed by the American colonial forces. The {{convert|300|acre|km2|sing=on}} site is now one of Vermont's premier state-operated historic sites.

==Geography==
Orwell is located in the southwest corner of Addison County. Its western border is the ]–Vermont state line, following the middle of ], near the lake's southern end. Orwell is bordered by the town of ] to the north, ] to the northeast, ] to the east and southeast, and ] to the south. Sudbury and Benson are within ]. To the west, across Lake Champlain, are the town of ], in ], and ], in ]. Mount Independence, elevation {{convert|306|ft}}, is located in northwest Orwell, overlooking Lake Champlain and the town of Ticonderoga.

According to the ], Orwell has a total area of {{convert|128.6|sqkm|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|122.2|sqkm|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|6.5|sqkm|disp=flip}}, or 5.02%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

] runs through the town, leading north to ] and south to ], where it continues into New York. ] crosses Route 22A west of the town center and leads east to ] and northwest to the ] across Lake Champlain.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1790= 778
|1800= 1376
|1810= 1849
|1820= 1730
|1830= 1598
|1840= 1504
|1850= 1470
|1860= 1341
|1870= 1192
|1880= 1351
|1890= 1265
|1900= 1150
|1910= 1065
|1920= 942
|1930= 835
|1940= 876
|1950= 902
|1960= 826
|1970= 851
|1980= 901
|1990= 1114
|2000= 1185
|2010= 1250
|estyear=2014
|estimate=1250
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 16, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 1,185 people, 441 households, and 340 families residing in the town. The population density was 25.0 people per square mile (9.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 577 housing units at an average density of 12.2 per square mile (4.7/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the town was 99.24% ], 0.08% ], 0.08% ], 0.42% ], and 0.17% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 441 households out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town the age distribution of the population shows 27.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,978, and the median income for a family was $42,438. Males had a median income of $29,671 versus $23,304 for females. The ] for the town was $19,835. About 6.2% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the ], including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

==History==
] in Orwell village]]
After the construction of ] on ] in 1775, rebel soldiers bravely manned the lesser fortifications of the Vermont-side defenses. While those soldiers billeted at ] enjoyed comparatively splendid conditions in the French-style fort, Mount Independence proved a trying and difficult environment for its small cadre of revolutionary defenders, who frequently returned to their farms in the surrounding countryside to tend to their homesteads.<ref>The Vermont Encyclopedia, "Fort Independence"</ref> The fortress was passed between the British and Colonials, until it was eventually abandoned at the cessation of hostilities on the northern front of the war.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

Orwell enjoyed a time of peace and prosperity after the war's conclusion, marking a time of great emotional uprising and town glee. However, these bright times would be marred by several major tragedies that coincided with the attempted industrialization of the area's farmlands in the 1870s, when several young men were lost in a thresher accident near what is now the intersection of Main Street and ]. This tragedy was keenly remembered by the community, which banned industrial farming later that year in a special town meeting. Industrialized farm equipment was only allowed back into Orwell after the economic collapse of the early 1900s, and even then, special restrictions were placed to limit the capabilities of such farm instruments. The town's law against the use of "Modern Farm Machinery of All Kinds" was never actually repealed, and continues to be a curio law on the books that the town refuses to repeal.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

Orwell attempted in the late 1990s to obtain a franchised fast-food restaurant, as a vital link in the food availability between ], and ], but the residents of the surrounding townships blocked the move, claiming it would upset the rural beauty of the western Vermont countryside.<ref>''Orwell Examiner'', June 9, 1998</ref> Orwell is known as the Fortress of America. The town motto is "First in Revolution, First in Recreation".

== Notable people ==
<!-- Note:
· Only people who already have a Misplaced Pages article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The article must mention how they are associated with Orwell, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please.
· All others will be deleted.
-->

* ], physicist
* ], member, ]
* ], acting governor of the ] (1848–1849)
* ], politician
* ], US senator and 26th ]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*
*


{{Addison County, Vermont}} {{Addison County, Vermont}}

Revision as of 22:28, 6 January 2016

Town in Vermont, United States
Orwell, Vermont
Town
Orwell town hallOrwell town hall
Nickname: "The Fortress of America"
Motto(s): "First in Revolution, First in Recreation"
Orwell, VermontOrwell, Vermont
CountryUnited States
StateVermont
CountyAddison
Area
 • Total49.7 sq mi (128.6 km)
 • Land47.2 sq mi (122.2 km)
 • Water2.5 sq mi (6.5 km)
Elevation381 ft (116 m)
Population
 • Total1,250
 • Density26/sq mi (10.2/km)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code05760
Area code802
FIPS code50-53725
GNIS feature ID1462168
Websitewww.town-of-orwell.org

Orwell is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,250 at the 2010 census. Mount Independence was the largest fortification constructed by the American colonial forces. The 300-acre (1.2 km) site is now one of Vermont's premier state-operated historic sites.

Geography

Orwell is located in the southwest corner of Addison County. Its western border is the New York–Vermont state line, following the middle of Lake Champlain, near the lake's southern end. Orwell is bordered by the town of Shoreham to the north, Whiting to the northeast, Sudbury to the east and southeast, and Benson to the south. Sudbury and Benson are within Rutland County. To the west, across Lake Champlain, are the town of Putnam, New York, in Washington County, and Ticonderoga, New York, in Essex County. Mount Independence, elevation 306 feet (93 m), is located in northwest Orwell, overlooking Lake Champlain and the town of Ticonderoga.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Orwell has a total area of 49.7 square miles (128.6 km), of which 47.2 square miles (122.2 km) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km), or 5.02%, is water.

Vermont Route 22A runs through the town, leading north to Vergennes and south to Fair Haven, where it continues into New York. Vermont Route 73 crosses Route 22A west of the town center and leads east to Brandon and northwest to the Ticonderoga–Larrabees Point Ferry across Lake Champlain.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1790778—
18001,37676.9%
18101,84934.4%
18201,730−6.4%
18301,598−7.6%
18401,504−5.9%
18501,470−2.3%
18601,341−8.8%
18701,192−11.1%
18801,35113.3%
18901,265−6.4%
19001,150−9.1%
19101,065−7.4%
1920942−11.5%
1930835−11.4%
19408764.9%
19509023.0%
1960826−8.4%
19708513.0%
19809015.9%
19901,11423.6%
20001,1856.4%
20101,2505.5%
2014 (est.)1,2500.0%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,185 people, 441 households, and 340 families residing in the town. The population density was 25.0 people per square mile (9.7/km). There were 577 housing units at an average density of 12.2 per square mile (4.7/km). The racial makeup of the town was 99.24% White, 0.08% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 441 households out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town the age distribution of the population shows 27.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,978, and the median income for a family was $42,438. Males had a median income of $29,671 versus $23,304 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,835. About 6.2% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.4% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

History

The First Congregational Church in Orwell village

After the construction of Fort Independence on Mount Independence in 1775, rebel soldiers bravely manned the lesser fortifications of the Vermont-side defenses. While those soldiers billeted at Fort Ticonderoga enjoyed comparatively splendid conditions in the French-style fort, Mount Independence proved a trying and difficult environment for its small cadre of revolutionary defenders, who frequently returned to their farms in the surrounding countryside to tend to their homesteads. The fortress was passed between the British and Colonials, until it was eventually abandoned at the cessation of hostilities on the northern front of the war.

Orwell enjoyed a time of peace and prosperity after the war's conclusion, marking a time of great emotional uprising and town glee. However, these bright times would be marred by several major tragedies that coincided with the attempted industrialization of the area's farmlands in the 1870s, when several young men were lost in a thresher accident near what is now the intersection of Main Street and Route 22A. This tragedy was keenly remembered by the community, which banned industrial farming later that year in a special town meeting. Industrialized farm equipment was only allowed back into Orwell after the economic collapse of the early 1900s, and even then, special restrictions were placed to limit the capabilities of such farm instruments. The town's law against the use of "Modern Farm Machinery of All Kinds" was never actually repealed, and continues to be a curio law on the books that the town refuses to repeal.

Orwell attempted in the late 1990s to obtain a franchised fast-food restaurant, as a vital link in the food availability between Whitehall, New York, and Vergennes, Vermont, but the residents of the surrounding townships blocked the move, claiming it would upset the rural beauty of the western Vermont countryside. Orwell is known as the Fortress of America. The town motto is "First in Revolution, First in Recreation".

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Orwell town, Addison County, Vermont". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  4. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  5. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  6. The Vermont Encyclopedia, "Fort Independence"
  7. Orwell Examiner, June 9, 1998

External links

Municipalities and communities of Addison County, Vermont, United States
Shire town: Middlebury
City
Map of Vermont highlighting Addison County
Towns
CDPs
Other
communities
Categories: