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The term 2002 Gujarat violence, also known as the Gujarat Genocide, Gujarat Pogroms, and Gujarat Massacre refers to the violent incidents that took place in Gujarat state in India beginning February, 2002 as a result of Godhra Train Burning where on 27 February 2002, about 58 Hindus died and 43 were injured in a train fire in Godhra.

The official death toll was 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus, 223 missing, 2548 injured, 919 widowed and 606 kids orphaned. By unofficial estimates more than 2000 people were killed majority of them Muslims.

Build up of the rioting

The gruesome images from the train burning were broadcast in print as well as the electronic media, especially in local Gujarati language newspapers. The reason for the attacks given was that it was a premeditated attack on innocent women and children returning from a puja. The Chief Minister of the BJP ruled state, Narendra Modi ordered a state funeral for the deceased in the train burning incident. The timings of the arrival of the dead bodies to the state capital Ahmedabad were advertised on the radio may have contributed to a very large turnout of people in an already charged atmosphere. Modi blamed the Pakistani secret service Inter Services Intelligence behind the incident. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad issued a call for a peaceful statewide bandh on February 28, 2002. That bandh was later supported by the ruling BJP government. The first incidents of attacks on the minority Muslim community started at Ahmedabad, where Hindus began throwing stones at and later burned a Muslim housing complex known as Gulburg Society, and then spread elsewhere. The initial violence was instigated by a rumour that Muslims had kidnapped three girls from the trains. Thirty three towns of the state were severely affected and had to be placed under curfew at one point or another during this period.

Incidents

Most of the deaths were the result of Hindu mobs collectively attacking Muslims and their property primarily by arson. The Times wrote of one example where a family as well as their children “were surrounded in their car and drenched in petrol and set alight” and of another where a mob of 2,000 “threw paraffin at the houses and set them alight, trapping the families inside.”

The violence continued unabated with only one section of the population becoming the primary targets. Thirty three towns of the state were severely affected and had to be placed under curfew at one point or another during this period. Some incidents that became very well known are Naroda Patia, Gulbarg Society and Best Bakery in Ahmedabad.

Naroda Patia

Around One hundred fifty Muslims were killed, many of them women who were sexually assaulted by violent mobs. One of the witnesses stated before the Nanavati commission that that BJP leader Maya Kodnani, Bajrang Dal leader Babu Bajrangi and others had led mobs on February 28 last year in the Naroda-Patia area.

Gulbarg Society - Case of Ahsan Jaffery

A high profile case involved an Ex-Congress MP who was surrounded by Hindu Mobs while many other Muslim residents in the area took shelter in his compound.Ahsen was believed to have contacted the local police stations, MP's of the area as well as the Chief Minister Modi to save the people from the ever increasing mob.However, no police reinforcement had reached his place and few policemen present were ineffective and unwilling to control the violent mob."Eventually he along with fifty others were burnt to death.

Best Bakery Incident

During the night of 1 March 2002, 14 people, including women and children, were killed. Despite repeated phone calls to the local police, a police vehicle reportedly only drove by once but none of the police officers took any steps to stop the attack, which lasted through the night.. The prime witness to the case, Zaheera Sheikh has been found guilty of lying to the court and has been sentenced to one year in prison. Human rights activist Teesta Setalvad also is believed to have induced her to fabricate accusations against the defendants. In fact, the prosecution stated that Sheikh and her mother may have demanded money from Setalvad to make statements in court .

Retaliatory Attacks on Hindus

Attacks on Hindu Dalits by Muslim mobs in Danilimda, Modasa, Himmatnagar, Bharuch, Sindhi Market, Bhanderi Pole, and other localities in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat have been reported. There was significant loss of life and property .

In September 2002, at least 29 people were killed when suspected Islamic fundamentalist gunmen engaged in the Akshardham Temple attack in the city of Gandhinagar in Gujarat. The Pakistani ISI and Islamic terrorist group Lashkar-e-Toiba were accused of supporting the terrorists , but they have denied this accusation .

Role of Government and Police

The Modi led state government was reprimanded at various levels including the National Parliament, Supreme Court and the international fora. It was observed that the Gujarat government referred to the death of 58 people in the Godhra train episode as carnage while those post Godhra events, where at least 1000 perished were referred to as disturbances seen as an effort to pass on the subsequent deaths as a natural reaction to Godhra Train incident.

Witnesses were dismayed by the lack of intervention from local police, who often watched the events taking place and took no action against the attacks on Muslims and their property.

Role of Hindu Nationalist Organisations

Most independent reports have blamed the Sangh Parivar organisations to be responsible for orchestrating the riots.These organisations include the RSS,VHP,Bajrang Dal and affiliated orgainsations.The Hindutva forces are said to have launched a systematic demonisation of Muslims and to a lesser extent the Christians in Gujarat. The attack on the Muslims was a backlash against the terrorist attacks while attacks on Christians were justified by their intense proselytizing among dalits and tribals.

It was also reported in independent media that there are elements of economic boycott against the Muslim community in most areas of Gujarat. Muslims who were forced to move to the Relief camps are reported to have found it difficult to return and restart economic activity because of bad blood between them and the Hindu community as per the notions of action-reaction theory advanced by Modi and the RSS

Many pamphlets have been in circulation by the Sangh Parivar which could have ignited the violence further.Peoples Union of Civil Liberties a prominent Indian Civil Rights group enumerated the list of these documents

Response of the accused parties

The BJP government has defended the actions of Narendra Modi's administration against charges of 'genocide'. They said that the killing of 254 Hindus, mostly in police firing, indicates how the state authorities took effective steps to curb the violence . In a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, Minister of State for Home Affairs Sriprakash Jaiswal confirmed the Hindu death toll in the incident(s). He, in turn, accused the Congress for misrepresenting the extent of the riots as part of a political agenda.

BJP MP Balbir Punj has also responded to criticisms from the press and advocates such as Arundhati Roy by accusing them of hyperbole and sensationalising the riots as part of an agenda of what he calls 'defamation' and 'left wing anti-India propaganda' . In particular, Punj writes "She (Roy) terms Gujarat the “petri dish” of the Sangh parivar. The fact is that Godhra has been used as a crucible by the secular fundamentalists.","Loss of 900-odd innocent lives (both Hindus and Muslims) is definitely not a “genocide” of any one community", and "The secular pack is not only guilty of parading half-truths but also of condoning and inciting violence"

Aftermath

The Indian government's compensation policies offered 200,000 rupees for families with dead members on the train and 100,000 rupees for families who had relatives die in the riots. It has been called discriminatory by Muslims as all of the train burning victims were Hindus and about 75% of the riot victims were Muslims.

Celia Dugger, a journalist with the New York Times, has written several articles on the riots. Her reporting of the 2002 Gujarat violence and other communal incidents has been criticized by several organizations , activists and blogging scholars as biased against Hindus

References

2. .
3. ^ Dugger, Celia W. 200 Are Dead In 3-Day Riot Of Revenge In West India New York Times. New York, N.Y.:Mar 2, 2002. p. A1
4. Philp, Catherine Muslims burnt alive in Indian revenge riots The Times. London, England:Mar 1, 2002.
15. ^ Dugger, Celia W. Hindu Rioters Kill 60 Muslims in India New York Times. New York, N.Y.:Mar 1, 2002.
16. http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Religion-communalism/2002/gujarat-nhrc-submission.htm
20. ^ Dugger, Celia W. Ahmedabad Journal - In India, a Child's Life Is Cheap Indeed New York Times. New York, N.Y.:Mar 7, 2002.

External links

• The violence of security

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