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| '''Grapefruit seed extract''' (GSE), also known by |
'''Grapefruit seed extract''' (GSE), also known by '''grapefruit pulp extract''', is a liquid derived from the ]s, ], and white membranes of ]. | ||
| This ] |
This ] has been alleged by some practitioners of ] to possess ], ], and ] properties. Indeed, it has been recommended by some ]s for the treatment of ], ], throat infections, and ]. An early proponent was Dr. ] (1919–1996). | ||
| Anecdotal claims for an antimicrobial effect are supported by a small scientific literature which apparently demonstrate an antimicrobial effect in '']'' assays such as the ] , , . However, there is STRONG evidence that the anti-microbial activity associated with grapefruit seed extract is attributable to the contamination or adulteration of commercial GSE preparations with synthetic antimicrobials or preservatives. Independent studies have shown that commercial preparations contain the compound ], which is a synthetic antimicrobial commonly used in disinfectants and cleaning products, the related compound ], the antibiotic ], or the preservative ] , , . Some samples were shown to contain up to 22% benzalkonium chloride by weight, despite the known ] and ] of the compound at higher doses . These chemicals were not present in grapefruit seed extracts prepared in the laboratory, and GSE preparations without the contaminants were found to possess no significant antimicrobial effect . | |||
| ==History== | |||
| GSE was developed by Dr. Jacob Harich (1919–1996), a ] born out of ] in ] and educated in ]. His studies in ] was interrupted by ]. After a traumatizing experience as a ], Harich devoted his life to improving the ]. Harich began the study of the grapefruit seed in 1963 after moving to ], the heart of ]. By 1990 many ] health practitioners began prescribing GSE to their patients. In 1995 Harich was invited as a guest of honor to the ], a leading ''']''' research center, where researchers have been testing the extracts potential as a ] against the ] virus as well as secondary infections associated with AIDS. Harich was honored by European farmers who use the powdered form of GSE in fish and poultry feed to control '']'' and '']''. | |||
| A study that examined the antiviral properties of GSE found that GSE had no efficacy as a disinfectant for ] and ] | |||
| ==Science== | |||
| GSE kills micro–organisms by disolving their cell walls, as stated by Dr. Sung-Hwan of Abcom Chemi Co., LTD: | |||
| :''Considering all the ]s, we believe that the microbial uptake of GSE alters the ] (the envelope surrounding living cells) by inhibiting ] activities...You can see the loss of ]ic membrane.'' | |||
| After careful analyzation, at this time, the efficacy of GSE as an antimicrobial must be regarded as UNESTABLISHED. | |||
| Dr. Roger Wyatt, professor at the University of Georgia also found the deactivation of the cytoplamic membranes of bacteria while performing research on GSE as an organic ]: | |||
| :''The lack of significant toxicological properties of GSE is also impressive when one views the efficacy data...extremely small concentrations of the product can be used with marked beneficial results.'' | |||
| This information was vandalized illegally by spammers reacting offensively to this information. Reverting back to this version. | |||
| The mechanism by which GSE affects the cell membranes of such a diverse group of microbes without virtually any toxicity to animal life will prove to be a very interesting study. | |||
| Claims for an antimicrobial effect in GSE are supported by scientific '']'' assays such as the ] , , . | |||
| ==General Use== | |||
| {{fact}} | |||
| GSE has been shown to be highly effective again a broad spectrum of bacteria, including '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and many others. It is also a strong inhibitor of pathogenic fungi and yeast. | |||
| :*mouth and lips: mouthwash, mouth ulcers, thrush, bad breath, cracked lips, sunburns, cold sores | |||
| :*nose and sinuses: sinusitis, runny nose (]) | |||
| :*throat: soar throat, ], coughs, laryngitis | |||
| :*ears: ear cleaning, ]s, ] | |||
| :*skin: small cuts, ]s, ]s, rashes, ], ], ], ], bites and stings, leg ]s, ]s, skin fungi | |||
| :*feet: ], corns, blisters, nail fungi, cuticular infections | |||
| :*genitals: ], ]s, vaginal parasites, other fungal and parasitic diseases | |||
| :*colds and ] | |||
| :*acute and chronic inflammations | |||
| :*scalp and hair: ], ], head ] | |||
| :*gastrointestinal infections | |||
| :*'']'' and other fungal diseases | |||
| :*allergies | |||
| ==Preperation== | |||
| GSE is prepared by grinding grapefrute seeds into a fine powder which is dissolved into purified water and ] to remove ] and ]. The distilled ] solution is spray dried at a low temperature forming a grapefruit ] ] powder. The powder is then dissolved in vegetable ] and heated while food grade ] and ] are added. The mixture is pressure cooked, undergoing ] using ] and ]. This slurry is then cooled, filtered and treated with ] light. Standardized GSE contains 60% grapefruit extract and 40% vegetable glycerin. | |||
| For most applications of GSE, 15 drops in 8 oz of water is used. | |||
| ==Precautions and Side Effects== | |||
| GSE has been shown to be non-toxic in doses many times greater than recommended. Even when regularly ]d, GSE seldom produces a noticable allergic reaction. However, people who are allergic to citrus fruits should exercise caution using GSE and should consult their ] preceding any treatment. | |||
| Generally GSE is very acidic, with a ] of 2, compared to the human body at a ph of 7.5 and water at 7. The acidity of GSE can irritate biological tissues if not diluted properly. | |||
| ]] | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| *Sims, Judith Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Gale Group, 2001. | |||
| *Sharamon, S., Baginski, B.J. The Healing Power of Grapefruit Seed. Lotus Press, Wisconsin. 1996. ISBN 0914955276 | *Sharamon, S., Baginski, B.J. The Healing Power of Grapefruit Seed. Lotus Press, Wisconsin. 1996. ISBN 0914955276 | ||
| *Sachs, A. The Authoritative Guide to Grapefruit Seed Extract : Stay Healthy Naturally: A Natural Alternative for Treating Colds, Infections, Herpes, Candida and Many Other Ailments. LifeRhythm, Medocino, California, 1997. ISBN 0940795175 | *Sachs, A. The Authoritative Guide to Grapefruit Seed Extract : Stay Healthy Naturally: A Natural Alternative for Treating Colds, Infections, Herpes, Candida and Many Other Ailments. LifeRhythm, Medocino, California, 1997. ISBN 0940795175 | ||
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| *Eleraky, N.Z., Potgieter, L.N., Kennedy, M.A. Virucidal efficacy of four new disinfectants. ''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.'' 2002 '''38'''(3):231–4 | *Eleraky, N.Z., Potgieter, L.N., Kennedy, M.A. Virucidal efficacy of four new disinfectants. ''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.'' 2002 '''38'''(3):231–4 | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| {{alt-med-stub}} | {{alt-med-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 23:38, 28 August 2006
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), also known by grapefruit pulp extract, is a liquid derived from the seeds, pulp, and white membranes of grapefruit. This extract has been alleged by some practitioners of alternative medicine to possess antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-fungal properties. Indeed, it has been recommended by some nutritionists for the treatment of candidiasis, earache, throat infections, and diarrhea. An early proponent was Dr. Jacob Harich (1919–1996).
Anecdotal claims for an antimicrobial effect are supported by a small scientific literature which apparently demonstrate an antimicrobial effect in in vitro assays such as the agar diffusion test , , . However, there is STRONG evidence that the anti-microbial activity associated with grapefruit seed extract is attributable to the contamination or adulteration of commercial GSE preparations with synthetic antimicrobials or preservatives. Independent studies have shown that commercial preparations contain the compound benzalkonium chloride, which is a synthetic antimicrobial commonly used in disinfectants and cleaning products, the related compound benzethonium chloride, the antibiotic triclosan, or the preservative methyl paraben , , . Some samples were shown to contain up to 22% benzalkonium chloride by weight, despite the known allergenicity and toxicity of the compound at higher doses . These chemicals were not present in grapefruit seed extracts prepared in the laboratory, and GSE preparations without the contaminants were found to possess no significant antimicrobial effect .
A study that examined the antiviral properties of GSE found that GSE had no efficacy as a disinfectant for feline calicivirus and feline parvovirus
After careful analyzation, at this time, the efficacy of GSE as an antimicrobial must be regarded as UNESTABLISHED.
This information was vandalized illegally by spammers reacting offensively to this information. Reverting back to this version.
References
- Sharamon, S., Baginski, B.J. The Healing Power of Grapefruit Seed. Lotus Press, Wisconsin. 1996. ISBN 0914955276
- Sachs, A. The Authoritative Guide to Grapefruit Seed Extract : Stay Healthy Naturally: A Natural Alternative for Treating Colds, Infections, Herpes, Candida and Many Other Ailments. LifeRhythm, Medocino, California, 1997. ISBN 0940795175
- Sakamoto, S., Sato, K., Maitani, T., Yamada, T. Analysis of components in natural food additive “grapefruit seed extract” by HPLC and LC/MS. Bull. Natl. Inst. Health Sci. 1996, 114:38–42.
- von Woedtke, T., Schlüter, B., Pflegel, P., Lindequist, U.; Jülich, W.-D. Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained. Pharmazie 1999 54:452–456.
- Takeoka, G., Dao, L., Wong, R.Y., Lundin, R., Mahoney N. Identification of benzethonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 49(7):3316–20
- Takeoka, G.R., Dao, L.T., Wong, R.Y., Harden L.A. Identification of benzalkonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 53(19):7630–6
- Eleraky, N.Z., Potgieter, L.N., Kennedy, M.A. Virucidal efficacy of four new disinfectants. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2002 38(3):231–4
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