1947 Jammu massacres: Difference between revisions

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			{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2016}}

			{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2016}}
	In October 1947 in the ] region of Indian occupied Kashmir around 2,37,000 Muslims were massacred in an ethnic cleansing attempt by the forces of the Dogra State headed by ] and aided by extremist Hindus and Sikhs so that the Muslims escape to ] along the border.<ref></ref><ref>{{citation \|first=Christopher \|last=Snedden \|authorlink=Christopher Snedden \|title=What happened to Muslims in Jammu? Local identity, ‘"the massacre" of 1947’ and the roots of the ‘Kashmir problem’ \|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies \|volume=24 \|number=2 \|pp=111–134 \|DOI=10.1080/00856400108723454}}</ref> As a result, at the fall of 1947, more than 300,000 refugees had arrived in the ] and ] regions of Pakistan. Hari Singh’s aim was to alter the demographics of the region by eliminating the Muslim population.<ref></ref>{{sfn\|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath\|2009\|pp=179-180}}<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2904/stories/20120309290407300.htm\|title = Horrors of Partition\|last = Noorani\|first= A.G.\|authorlink=A. G. Noorani\|date=25 February 2012\|newspaper=Frontline \|issue=04\|volume =29}}</ref>
			__NOTOC__
			In October 1947 in the ] region of Indian occupied Kashmir around 2,37,000 Muslims were massacred in an ethnic cleansing attempt by the forces of the Dogra State headed by ] and aided by extremist Hindus and Sikhs so that the Muslims escape to ] along the border.<ref>
			{{citation \|last=Naqvi \|first=Saeed \|chapter=The killing fields of Jammu: How Muslims become a minority in the region \|chapter-url=http://scroll.in/article/811468/the-killing-fields-of-jammu-when-it-was-muslims-who-were-eliminated \|title=Being the Other: The Muslim in India \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yeO4DAAAQBAJ \|date=2016 \|publisher=Aleph Book Company \|isbn=978-93-84067-76-2}}
			</ref><ref>
			{{citation \|first=Christopher \|last=Snedden \|authorlink=Christopher Snedden \|title=What happened to Muslims in Jammu? Local identity, ‘"the massacre" of 1947’ and the roots of the ‘Kashmir problem’ \|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies \|volume=24 \|number=2 \|pp=111–134 \|DOI=10.1080/00856400108723454}}
			</ref> As a result, at the fall of 1947, more than 300,000 refugees had arrived in the ] and ] regions of Pakistan. Hari Singh’s aim was to alter the demographics of the region by eliminating the Muslim population.{{sfn\|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath\|2009\|pp=179-180}}<ref>
			{{Cite news \|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2904/stories/20120309290407300.htm \|title = Horrors of Partition \|last = Noorani \|first= A.G. \|authorlink=A. G. Noorani \|date=25 February 2012 \|newspaper=Frontline \|issue=04\|volume =29}}
			</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==References==		==References==
		⚫	{{reflist\|30em}}

⚫	{{reflist}}

			==Bibliography==
			* {{citation \|last=Chattha \|first=Ilyas \|title=Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot 1947-1961 \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2011 \|ISBN=9780199061723}}
			** {{citation \|last=Chattha \|first=Ilyas Ahmad \|title=Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961 \|url=http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/1.hasCoversheetVersion/Ilyas%20PhD-E-Thesis.pdf \|publisher=University of Southampton \|date=September 2009 \|access-date=2016-02-16 \|ref={{sfnref\|Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath\|2009}}}}
			* {{citation \|first=Christopher \|last=Snedden \|year=2013 \|authorlink=Christopher Snedden \|title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History \|publisher=HarperCollins India \|ISBN=9350298988 \|origyear=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012 \|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ \|ref={{sfnref\|Snedden, Kashmir The Unwritten History\|2013}}}}

			==External links==
			* , Kashmir Media Service, undated.


	{{Kashmir conflict}}		{{Kashmir conflict}}

Revision as of 12:40, 10 September 2016

In October 1947 in the Jammu region of Indian occupied Kashmir around 2,37,000 Muslims were massacred in an ethnic cleansing attempt by the forces of the Dogra State headed by Hari Singh and aided by extremist Hindus and Sikhs so that the Muslims escape to Pakistan along the border. As a result, at the fall of 1947, more than 300,000 refugees had arrived in the Gujranwala and Sialkot regions of Pakistan. Hari Singh’s aim was to alter the demographics of the region by eliminating the Muslim population.

References

Naqvi, Saeed (2016), "The killing fields of Jammu: How Muslims become a minority in the region", Being the Other: The Muslim in India, Aleph Book Company, ISBN 978-93-84067-76-2
Snedden, Christopher, "What happened to Muslims in Jammu? Local identity, '"the massacre" of 1947' and the roots of the 'Kashmir problem'", South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 24 (2): 111–134, doi:10.1080/00856400108723454
Chattha, Partition and its Aftermath 2009, pp. 179–180.
Noorani, A.G. (25 February 2012). "Horrors of Partition". Frontline. Vol. 29, no. 04.

Bibliography

Chattha, Ilyas (2011), Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot 1947-1961, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199061723
- Chattha, Ilyas Ahmad (September 2009), Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961 (PDF), University of Southampton, retrieved 16 February 2016
Snedden, Christopher (2013) , Kashmir: The Unwritten History, HarperCollins India, ISBN 9350298988

External links

Genocide of Muslims, Jammu 1947, Kashmir Media Service, undated.

v t e Kashmir conflict
Timeline 1846–1946 1947–present
Wars and conflicts	Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Siachen conflict Kargil War 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes (media coverage)
Border skirmishes	2011 2013 2014–2015 2016–2018 2016 Uri attack 2016 Baramulla attack 2016 Nagrota army base attack 2019 2020–2021 2023
Operations	1947 Poonch rebellion Operation Gibraltar Operation Grand Slam Operation Tupac Operation Bison Operation Eraze Operation All Out Operation Sarp Vinash Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Operation Calm Down 2016 strike 2019 airstrike
Negotiations	Jinnah–Mountbatten talks UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute Simla Agreement
Bombings and massacres	1947 Jammu massacres 2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre Chittisinghpura massacre 2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing 2001 Kishtwar massacre 2002 Raghunath temple attacks 2006 Srinagar bombings 2006 Doda massacre March 2013 Srinagar attack 2016 Uri attack 2017 Amarnath Yatra attack 2018 Sunjuwan attack 2019 Pulwama attack 2022 Srinagar bombing
Militant organisations	Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Tehreek-e-Hurriyat Hizbul Mujahideen Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Harkat ul-Ansar Al-Badr (Jammu and Kashmir) Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind Dukhtaran-e-Millat Islamic State – Khorasan Province Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir United Jihad Council
Observances	19 January— Jammu and Kashmir Exodus Day 5 February— Kashmir Solidarity Day 13 July— Kashmir Martyrs' Day 5 August— Youm-e-Istehsal 22 October— Jammu and Kashmir Black Day (Invasion Day) 24 October— Azad Kashmir Day 26 October— Jammu and Kashmir Accession Day
Related	Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus Insurgency Human rights abuses OHCHR reports on Kashmir Rape Ikhwan Crowd control Stone pelting Peacebuilding Women's rights Over ground workers (OGWs) Village Defence Committees

Categories:

Revision as of 12:40, 10 September 2016

See also

References

Bibliography

External links