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<!-- Article title: '''Albert Bridge, Brisbane''' siteId: 15007 placeRef:600232 -->
{{Use Australian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Albert Bridge, Brisbane
| image =
| caption =
| locmapin = Queensland
| map_caption =
| latitude = -27.5059
| longitude = 152.9739
| coord_parameters = region:AU-QLD_type:landmark
| coord_display = inline,title
| location = Brisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer, ], ], ], Australia
| beginning_label = Design period
| beginning_date = 1870s - 1890s (late 19th century)
| built = 1894 - 1895
| built_for =
| demolished =
| architect = ]
| architecture =
| owner =
| designation1 = Queensland Heritage Register
| designation1_offname = Albert Bridge
| designation1_type = state heritage (built)
| designation1_date = 21 October 1992
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 600232
| designation1_free1name = Significant period
| designation1_free1value = 1890s (fabric)
| designation1_free2name = Significant components
| designation1_free2value = pier/s (bridge), abutments - railway bridge
| designation1_free3name = Builders
| designation1_free3value = John McCormick & Son
}}

'''Albert Bridge''' is a heritage-listed ] at Brisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer, ], ], ], Australia. It was designed by ] and built from 1894 to 1895 by John McCormick & Son. It was added to the ] on 21 October 1992.<ref name=qhr>{{cite QHR|15007|Albert Bridge|600232|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref>

== History ==
], which is a "hogsback" steel truss bridge on masonry piers, was constructed in 1894-95. It is the second Albert Bridge on the site, replacing an earlier 1876 structure which was washed away in the floods of 1893. Both bridges were named in honour of the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert.<ref name=qhr/>

The second bridge was designed by Henry Charles Stanley, Queensland's Chief Engineer of Railways from 1892 to 1901, and is considered his major work. In designing the bridge as two long spans with one central pier, Stanley sought to avoid the obstruction to flood waters posed by multiple piers, which had been the downfall of the previous Albert Bridge.<ref name=qhr/>

Innovations in the design included the attachment of cross girders, protection against derailment, provision against strong wind gusts, and provision for free expansion under varying temperatures. The working drawings and specification were prepared by FL Keir of the Chief Engineer's office, and were completed by mid-1893. Keir was also the resident engineer on the site.<ref name=qhr/>

In August 1893 the contract was let to ] contractors John McCormick & Son, with a price of &pound;66,061. McCormick & Son also later won the contract for the ironwork on the second permanent ], 1896-97. Expiry date for the Albert Bridge contract was set at 14 December 1894, but it was not opened to traffic until August 1895. A Scottish coal strike held up delivery of the rolled steel for eight months, and removal of the river bedrock for the central pier alone took four months.<ref name=qhr/>

A condition of the construction contract was that as much of the work as possible be done in Queensland. Messrs McCormick erected a workshop adjacent to the site at Indooroopilly, and imported machinery necessary for constructing the superstructure and the caisson for the central pier. Up to 240 persons were employed on site at any one time, and quarry workers provided freestone from Pearson's quarries at ], the bluestone in the concrete from Jenkin's ] quarry, and the granite for the bedstones and cutwater quoins from ]. In 1895 the bridge was the largest in Australia of local manufacture.<ref name=qhr/>

The most difficult aspect of the work was the construction of the central pier and its foundation caisson. The latter weighed about 230 tons , rested 81 feet below high water mark, and was sunk 2 feet into the rock. The riverbed sand and gravel could be dredged, but divers extracted the rock manually.<ref name=qhr/>

The southern span was erected above what remained of the former bridge, and was extended to the centre pier. The old pylons were then removed.<ref name=qhr/>

The northern truss was floated into position. The shore end rested on two trolleys, and when the tide was at its highest, specially constructed staging on an old barque took the weight of the other end of the truss from temporary piles. Winches were then used to pull the hulk across the river toward the centre pier, to which the truss was attached.<ref name=qhr/>

The cores of the earlier bridge abutments were widened and heightened to take the new superstructure. Parapets were constructed after the trusses had been fixed in place, and were completed in November 1895.<ref name=qhr/>

The Albert Bridge remains one of Australia's largest truss bridges. At the time of its completion, as a metal truss bridge it was second only to the first Hawkesbury rail bridge in span length. The Albert Bridge is still Australia's third longest span metal truss bridge, after Brisbane's ] (]) and the second Hawkesbury rail bridge .<ref name=qhr/>

The bridge was integral to the southwest railway system linking Brisbane with ], the ], and southeast Queensland. With increased traffic it was supplemented with an adjacent upstream rail bridge in 1957, which together remained the only ] rail crossing prior to construction of the ] in 1978.<ref name=qhr/>

The Albert Bridge currently handles only passenger traffic.<ref name=qhr/>

== Description ==
The Albert Bridge ] the Brisbane River from Indooroopilly to ], at the junction of the Chelmer and Indooroopilly reaches.<ref name=qhr/>

It is a fully riveted structure consisting of two arched "hogsback" mild steel ] supported on stone abutments either side, and on a central concrete pier. This pier is encased in an elliptical wrought- iron caisson to low water level, then built up with masonry to the ] bearings.<ref name=qhr/>

Each truss is 103.7 metres long, 12.6 metres high in the middle, 8.2 metres wide, and weighs approximately 606 tonnes. Their design employs a double-intersection web system of diagonal members, based on the ] system developed in the United States in the 1860s. They are strengthened by horizontal wind bracing at roadway level, and by elaborate overhead cross bracing.<ref name=qhr/>

The double railroad is carried by four longitudinal steel trough girders, with the sides of the troughs acting as guards against derailment. These are supported by massive cross-girders riveted to the underneath of the vertical struts and lower booms of the main trusses, at 5.2 metre intervals. The decking consists of ironbark longitudinals bedded on bitumen and sand, and bolted to steel tee bars which connect the trough girders transversely.<ref name=qhr/>

A cantilevered ] footway is carried on the upstream side of the bridge.<ref name=qhr/>

== Heritage listing ==
Albert Bridge was listed on the ] on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.<ref name=qhr/>

'''The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.'''

Albert Bridge at Indooroopilly is significant as an early, large span metal truss bridge in Australia, and remains the country's third longest span metal truss bridge. At the time of construction, Albert Bridge was the largest bridge in Australia to be manufactured locally.
Albert Bridge is significant for its contribution to the railway system linking the capital with southern and western Queensland, remaining for over six decades part of the only railway link across the Brisbane River.<ref name=qhr/>

'''The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.'''

The bridge is highly intact, and provides important physical evidence of late 19th century railway bridge design and construction in Australia.<ref name=qhr/>

'''The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.'''

The bridge is important also for its landmark quality and aesthetic contribution to the riverscape along the Indooroopilly reach of the Brisbane River.<ref name=qhr/>

'''The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.'''

It is important for its innovations in design and implementation, and remains a major example of the design skills of engineer HC Stanley, and of the work of Brisbane contractors John McCormick & Son.<ref name=qhr/>

'''The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.'''

It is important for its innovations in design and implementation, and remains a major example of the design skills of engineer HC Stanley, and of the work of Brisbane contractors John McCormick & Son.<ref name=qhr/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Attribution ===
] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on published by the ] under license (accessed on 7 July 2014, on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the published by the ] under license (accessed on 5 September 2014, on 15 October 2014).

]
]
]
]

Revision as of 04:54, 20 April 2017

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Bridge in Queensland, Australia
Albert Bridge
Coordinates27°30′20″S 152°58′25″E / 27.5056°S 152.9737°E / -27.5056; 152.9737
CarriesRailway
CrossesBrisbane River
LocaleBrisbane, Queensland, Australia
Official nameAlbert Bridge
Characteristics
DesignSteel Truss bridge
Total length208 metres (682 ft)
Longest spantwo spans each 103.7 metres (340 ft)
History
Opened1895
Location
Original Albert Bridge, looking south to Chelmer (destroyed in the 1893 Brisbane flood)

The Albert Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge of steel truss design crossing the Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia. The Albert Bridge links Indooroopilly and Chelmer stations, and has two long spans with one central pier.

The structure consists of two steel spans supported by masonry abutments and a central concrete pier that is encased in an iron caisson. A footway was positioned on the upstream side.

History

The first bridge on the site was completed in July 1875 and enabled the Ipswich to Grandchester railway to reach Brisbane itself. In the early days of settlement, the Brisbane River at Indooroopilly provided an obstacle to the construction of a railway between Brisbane and the mining centre of Ipswich. At this time, a river boat service linked the two centres. The Ipswich railway line did not open until 1875, following the completion of the original Albert Bridge.

The first bridge was destroyed in the 1893 flood, with the present bridge built in 1895. It was designed by Henry Charles Stanley, Queensland's Chief Engineer of Railways from 1891 to 1901. He sought to avoid the obstruction to flood waters posed by multiple piers, which had been the downfall of the first bridge. The bridge was opened to traffic in August 1895 and remains one of Australia's largest truss bridges. Both bridges were named in honour of the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert.

During the second bridge's construction peak a total of 240 workers were involved, both on site and at quarries. When opened the bridge also catered for pedestrian traffic, until the construction of the nearby Walter Taylor Bridge in 1937. A second unnamed railway bridge is located between the Albert Bridge and the Walter Taylor Bridge. This second crossing was constructed in 1957 as part of the quadruplication of the Ipswich railway line.

The Albert Bridge was registered on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate in 1988 and is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hogan, Janet (1982). Living History of Brisbane. Spring Hill, Queensland: Boolarang Publications. p. 76. ISBN 0-908175-41-8.
  2. "QR Corporate - QR History - Building to the bush". QR Limited. Archived from the original on 22 July 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. Longhurst, Robert; William Douglas. The Brisbane River: A pictorial history. Brisbane: W.D. Incorporated Pty Ltd. p. 31. ISBN 0-646-34472-2.
  4. ^ "Indooroopilly Toll Bridge and the Albert Bridge, Brisbane, ca. 1937". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
  5. ^ "Albert Bridge (entry 600232)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 26 May 2013.

External links

Bridges over the Brisbane River (downstream to upstream)

Historic site in Queensland, Australia
Albert Bridge, Brisbane
Albert Bridge, Brisbane is located in QueenslandAlbert Bridge, BrisbaneLocation of Albert Bridge, Brisbane in Queensland
LocationBrisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Design period1870s - 1890s (late 19th century)
Built1894 - 1895
ArchitectHenry Charles Stanley
Queensland Heritage Register
Official nameAlbert Bridge
Typestate heritage (built)
Designated21 October 1992
Reference no.600232
Significant period1890s (fabric)
Significant componentspier/s (bridge), abutments - railway bridge
BuildersJohn McCormick & Son

Albert Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge at Brisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Henry Charles Stanley and built from 1894 to 1895 by John McCormick & Son. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

History

Albert Bridge, which is a "hogsback" steel truss bridge on masonry piers, was constructed in 1894-95. It is the second Albert Bridge on the site, replacing an earlier 1876 structure which was washed away in the floods of 1893. Both bridges were named in honour of the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert.

The second bridge was designed by Henry Charles Stanley, Queensland's Chief Engineer of Railways from 1892 to 1901, and is considered his major work. In designing the bridge as two long spans with one central pier, Stanley sought to avoid the obstruction to flood waters posed by multiple piers, which had been the downfall of the previous Albert Bridge.

Innovations in the design included the attachment of cross girders, protection against derailment, provision against strong wind gusts, and provision for free expansion under varying temperatures. The working drawings and specification were prepared by FL Keir of the Chief Engineer's office, and were completed by mid-1893. Keir was also the resident engineer on the site.

In August 1893 the contract was let to Brisbane contractors John McCormick & Son, with a price of £66,061. McCormick & Son also later won the contract for the ironwork on the second permanent Victoria Bridge, 1896-97. Expiry date for the Albert Bridge contract was set at 14 December 1894, but it was not opened to traffic until August 1895. A Scottish coal strike held up delivery of the rolled steel for eight months, and removal of the river bedrock for the central pier alone took four months.

A condition of the construction contract was that as much of the work as possible be done in Queensland. Messrs McCormick erected a workshop adjacent to the site at Indooroopilly, and imported machinery necessary for constructing the superstructure and the caisson for the central pier. Up to 240 persons were employed on site at any one time, and quarry workers provided freestone from Pearson's quarries at Helidon, the bluestone in the concrete from Jenkin's Bundamba quarry, and the granite for the bedstones and cutwater quoins from Mount Crosby. In 1895 the bridge was the largest in Australia of local manufacture.

The most difficult aspect of the work was the construction of the central pier and its foundation caisson. The latter weighed about 230 tons , rested 81 feet below high water mark, and was sunk 2 feet into the rock. The riverbed sand and gravel could be dredged, but divers extracted the rock manually.

The southern span was erected above what remained of the former bridge, and was extended to the centre pier. The old pylons were then removed.

The northern truss was floated into position. The shore end rested on two trolleys, and when the tide was at its highest, specially constructed staging on an old barque took the weight of the other end of the truss from temporary piles. Winches were then used to pull the hulk across the river toward the centre pier, to which the truss was attached.

The cores of the earlier bridge abutments were widened and heightened to take the new superstructure. Parapets were constructed after the trusses had been fixed in place, and were completed in November 1895.

The Albert Bridge remains one of Australia's largest truss bridges. At the time of its completion, as a metal truss bridge it was second only to the first Hawkesbury rail bridge in span length. The Albert Bridge is still Australia's third longest span metal truss bridge, after Brisbane's Story Bridge (Story Bridge) and the second Hawkesbury rail bridge .

The bridge was integral to the southwest railway system linking Brisbane with Ipswich, the Darling Downs, and southeast Queensland. With increased traffic it was supplemented with an adjacent upstream rail bridge in 1957, which together remained the only Brisbane River rail crossing prior to construction of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.

The Albert Bridge currently handles only passenger traffic.

Description

The Albert Bridge spans the Brisbane River from Indooroopilly to Chelmer, at the junction of the Chelmer and Indooroopilly reaches.

It is a fully riveted structure consisting of two arched "hogsback" mild steel trusses supported on stone abutments either side, and on a central concrete pier. This pier is encased in an elliptical wrought- iron caisson to low water level, then built up with masonry to the truss bearings.

Each truss is 103.7 metres long, 12.6 metres high in the middle, 8.2 metres wide, and weighs approximately 606 tonnes. Their design employs a double-intersection web system of diagonal members, based on the Linville system developed in the United States in the 1860s. They are strengthened by horizontal wind bracing at roadway level, and by elaborate overhead cross bracing.

The double railroad is carried by four longitudinal steel trough girders, with the sides of the troughs acting as guards against derailment. These are supported by massive cross-girders riveted to the underneath of the vertical struts and lower booms of the main trusses, at 5.2 metre intervals. The decking consists of ironbark longitudinals bedded on bitumen and sand, and bolted to steel tee bars which connect the trough girders transversely.

A cantilevered wrought iron footway is carried on the upstream side of the bridge.

Heritage listing

Albert Bridge was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

Albert Bridge at Indooroopilly is significant as an early, large span metal truss bridge in Australia, and remains the country's third longest span metal truss bridge. At the time of construction, Albert Bridge was the largest bridge in Australia to be manufactured locally. Albert Bridge is significant for its contribution to the railway system linking the capital with southern and western Queensland, remaining for over six decades part of the only railway link across the Brisbane River.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

The bridge is highly intact, and provides important physical evidence of late 19th century railway bridge design and construction in Australia.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The bridge is important also for its landmark quality and aesthetic contribution to the riverscape along the Indooroopilly reach of the Brisbane River.

The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

It is important for its innovations in design and implementation, and remains a major example of the design skills of engineer HC Stanley, and of the work of Brisbane contractors John McCormick & Son.

The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.

It is important for its innovations in design and implementation, and remains a major example of the design skills of engineer HC Stanley, and of the work of Brisbane contractors John McCormick & Son.

References

  1. ^ "Albert Bridge (entry 600232)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.

Attribution

This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU license (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU license (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

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