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Theodore Roosevelt Patrick, Jr. (born 1930), known as Ted Patrick, is widely considered to be the "father of deprogramming."

Early life

Ted Patrick was born in what he calls "a red-light district" of Chattanooga, Tennessee, in which he was surrounded by "thieves, prostitutes, murderers pimps. From his earliest recollections, Patrick says saw people being killed, shot up, cut up, beat up. The place was so bad, even the police didn't want to come there."

Patrick had a speech impediment, which set him apart from the other children. Until he was sixteen, no one could understand what he said, which made him feel "shy and backwards and miserable and embarrassed" for most of his childhood.

According to Patrick, after being taken to countless faith healers, witch doctors and voodoo practitioners, the final straw was an embarrassing spin the bottle game, during which the bottle pointed at him, but the girl wouldn't kiss him. He then decided to take his problem into his own hands.

His speech improved, and with it his confidence and interpersonal skills. He dropped out of high school in tenth grade to help support his family. After working in a variety of jobs, he saved enough to open a nightclub called the Cadillac Club, with his cousin.

The venture was successful, and eventually he sold his share of the business to his cousin. Patrick was the co-chairman of the Nineteenth Ward in Chattanooga. He planned on opening a restaurant and cocktail lounge; however, according to Patrick, his political enemies obstructed this.

At the age of twenty-five, Patrick left his wife and infant son in Tennessee, and went with a friend to San Diego, California. There, he started the Chollas Democratic Club,!to assert the rights of the black community.

Perhaps their main accomplishment was picketing supermarkets and other stores to get them to employ blacks. After Patrick had saved enough money, he brought his wife and children to San Diego. Other organizations he started in San Diego include the Logan Heights Businessmen’s Association, the Junior Government of Southeast San Dieg, and the Volunteer Parents Organization (VPO.) During the Watts Riots in 1965 the VPO was instrumental in keeping the violence from reaching San Diego. For his efforts in the Watts Riots Patrick was awarded the Freedom Foundation Award, which ultimately led to his job as the Special Assistant for Community Affairs, under then-Governor Ronald Reagan.

Career as a deprogrammer

Despite a lack of formal education and professional training, Patrick was hired by hundreds of parents and family members to "deprogram" their loved ones. A high school dropout, Patrick based his techniques and practices on his own life experience. According to Ted Patrick himself in a TV debate with members of the Hare Krishna group (May, 1979), "How I got into deprogramming was through my own son. All outdoor boy, couldn't nothing keep him in the house. Then one day, he was psychologic... psychological(ly) kidnap(ped) by a cult".

In this interview, Patrick also explained how this search to understand cults led him to speaking with "witches, warlocks, healers" and in fact, he went "all the way to New Orleans" to the same person his mother brought him to for his speech impediment. He also stated that he spent time in a religious group and after a week "...didn't know where I were, nor how I got there...I was hook(ed)."

Patrick stated this research and understanding of the mind from his ongoing struggle with his own speech, served as the background for his work in deprogramming.

On 12 June, 1971, Mrs. Samuel Jackson (no relation to actor of the same name) contacted Patrick to file a complaint concerning her missing son, Billy.

As Billy was nineteen, the police and FBI would not look for him. Billy was involved with the group known as the Children of God, who had approached Patrick's own son, Michael a week prior. Patrick contacted other people whose relatives were in the cult, and even pretended to join them, to study how the group operated. This was when he developed his method of deprogramming. He ultimately left his full time job, in irder to work on deprogramming full-time.

As one of the pioneers of deprogramming, Patrick used a 'confrontational' method:

"When you deprogram people, you force them to think.... But I keep them off balance and this forces them to begin questioning, to open their minds. When the mind gets to a certain point, they can see through all the lies that they've been programmed to believe. They realize that they've been duped and they come out of it. Their minds start working again."

Patrick founded the FREECOG organization, later known as the Citizen's Freedom Foundation, in 1971. before merging into the Cult Awareness Network. Patrick described details of some of his kidnappings in his book Let Our Children Go! (E. P. Dutton, 1976, page 96)

"Wes had taken up a position facing the car, with his hands on the roof and his legs spread-eagled. There was no way to let him inside while he was braced like that. I had to make a quick decision. I reached down between Wes's legs, grabbed him by the crotch and squeezed--hard. He let out a howl, and doubled up, grabbing for his groin with both hands. Then I hit, shoving him headfirst into the back seat of the car and piling in on top of him."

Patrick stood trial several times on kidnapping charges related to his activities. After the first trial, which found him not guilty, he stopped executing the actual kidnapping but continued with his deprogramming. He testified before an ad hoc Congressional committee organized in 1979 by Senator Bob Dole. According to The New Republic, Dole intended the hearing to "provide a forum" for Patrick and other anti-cult activists.

In 1980 Patrick was paid $27,000 to carry out the deprogramming of Susan Wirth, a 35-year-old teacher living in San Francisco. He was hired by her parents, who objected to her involvement in leftist political activities. The process involved handcuffing her to a bed for two weeks and denying her food. She was later released and after returning to San Francisco spoke out against deprogramming but declined to press legal charges against her parents or Patrick.

A documentary about the career of Ted Patrick, directed by Mia Donovan, was released April 26 2015 by EYESTEEL Film.

Civil and criminal proceedings involving Patrick

Some criminal proceedings against Patrick have resulted in felony convictions for kidnapping and unlawful imprisonment.

• In 1980, Patrick was convicted of conspiracy, kidnapping, and false imprisonment. These charges were related to the abduction and attempted deprogramming of Roberta McElfish, a 26-year-old Tucson waitress. Patrick was sentenced to one year in prison and fined five thousand dollars.
• On 28 December 1981, Judge Clinton Olsen dismissed the Church of Scientology's lawsuit against Patrick and three others for lack of cause of action in Multnomah County, Oregon.
• On 11 June 1984 Scientologist Paula Dain was awarded $7,000 in compensatory damages by a federal court jury in a $30 million civil-rights lawsuit against Patrick. The jury found that Patrick had violated Dain's civil rights and freedom of religion, but determined that Patrick did not act "with evil intent" or in "reckless and callous disregard for Miss Dain's safety."
• In the case of Kathleen Crampton, where Patrick and Crampton's family members were acquitted of charges of kidnapping, the judge wrote: "The parents who would do less than what Mr. and Mrs. Crampton did for their daughter Kathy would be less than responsible, loving parents. Parents like the Cramptons here, have justifiable grounds, when they are of the reasonable belief that their child is in danger, under hypnosis or drugs, or both, and that their child is not able to make a free, voluntary, knowledgeable decision."
• In 1990, Patrick attempted to deprogram Elma Miller, an Amish woman who had joined a liberal sect. He was hired by her husband to return her to him and the Amish church. Criminal charges of conspiracy were filed against Miller's husband, brother, and two others; but were later dropped on her request to the prosecuting attorney, who decided not to charge Patrick.

References

1. ^ Chryssides, George (1999). Exploring New Religions. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 346–348. ISBN 0-8264-5959-5.
2. Chryssides, G.D. and B.E. Zeller. 2014. The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements: BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING.
3. ^ Patrick, Ted; Dulack, Tom (1976). Let Our Children Go!. E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-14450-1.
4. Armstrong, Lois. "The 'Deprogrammer' of Young Religious Fanatics, Ted Patrick, Goes to Jail for His Zeal." People (9 August 1976) Volume 6, Issue 6 (Retrieved 26 April 2014)
5. Chapman, Stephen (17 February 1979). "On the Hill: Cult-mongering". The New Republic: 11–13.
6. Postpage, Stephen Garrard (Georgetown University Press 1993) Inquiries in Bioethics (ISBN 0-87840-538-0 / 978-0-87840-538-1 page 71)
7. Beaver County Times (Associated Press 2 July 1980) Daughter kidnapped over politics (page A-13) (Retrieved 14 November 2013)
8. Merced Sun-Star (29 July 1980) "Feared kidnapped, she reconciles with mother."
9. "DEPROGRAMMED".
10. Hunter, Howard O.; Price, Polly J. (2001). "Regulation of religious proselytism in the United States" (PDF). Brigham Young University Law Review. 2001 (2).
11. "Ted Patrick Convicted of Seizing Woman Said to Have Joined Cult; Escaped From Abductors". The New York Times. August 30, 1980.
12. "Ted Patrick is sentenced in seizure of cult member". The New York Times. 1980-09-27.
13. French, Ron (November 14, 1990). "Amish Woman Charges Deprogramming". News. Pittsburg Press. p. A14.
14. Amish Woman Asks Prosecutor to Drop Charges on Kidnapping, Madison Courier, December 8, 1990, pg. 3

Sources

• Conway and Siegelman, Black Lightning (Chapter 6 of Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change), 1995, ISBN 0-9647650-0-4
• Ted Patrick, Let Our Children Go (Chapter 1 of Ted Patrick's Let Our Children Go),

Publications

• Patrick, Ted. Let Our Children Go. New York: Ballantine. 1976.
• Conway and Siegelman, Black Lightning (Chapter 6 of Snapping), 1995, ISBN 0-9647650-0-4

• American kidnappers
• Anti-cult organizations and individuals
• People from Chattanooga, Tennessee
• People from San Diego
• Writers from California
• Writers from Tennessee
• 1930 births
• Living people
• Deprogrammers