Misplaced Pages

Love: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 22:08, 30 September 2006 view source68.34.74.145 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 22:08, 30 September 2006 view source AntiVandalBot (talk | contribs)258,750 editsm BOT - rv 68.34.74.145 (talk) to last version by 142.68.89.67Next edit →
Line 1: Line 1:
{{otheruses}}{{Close Relationships}}
Woohoo5241: <u bad that time.
'''Love''' is a profound ] of tender ] for or intense ] to another. It is considered a deep, ] feeling shared in passionate or ] ]s. However, in different contexts, the word ''love'' has a variety of related but distinct meanings: in addition to ], which is characterized by a mix of ]al and ] desire, other forms include ], ], ], and the more casual application of the term to anyone or anything that one considers strongly pleasurable, enjoyable, or desirable, including activities and foods. '''I LOVE GRAHAME.'''This diverse range of meanings in a single word is commonly contrasted with the plurality of ], reflecting the word's versatility and complexity.
Woohoo5241: My*

Woohoo5241: U there?
==Overview==
Lunchbox010189: yeah

Woohoo5241: So what were you up to last night?
Although clearly and consistently defining ''love'' is a difficult task, and often a subject of much debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what ''isn't'' "love". As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of ''like''), love is commonly contrasted with ] (or neutral ]); as a less sexual and more "pure" form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with ]; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is commonly contrasted with ], though other definitions of the word ''love'' may be applied to close friendships in certain contexts.
Lunchbox010189: i told you hitting sean and john with his car

Woohoo5241: Well I meant beside that
] for love (愛) consists of a ] (middle) inside of "accept", "feel", or "perceive", which shows a graceful emotion.]]
Lunchbox010189: getting thrown off of seans hood at 10-15 miles

Woohoo5241: Rofl
In ordinary use, ''love'' usually refers to interpersonal love, an experience felt by a person for another person. Love often involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing, including oneself (cf. ]).
Woohoo5241: Where did all this happen?

Lunchbox010189: out front of seans and in the lil field in front of his house
The concept of love, however, is subject to debate. Some deny the existence of love. Others call it a recently-invented abstraction, sometimes dating the "invention" to courtly Europe during or after the middle ages&mdash;though this is contradicted by the sizable body of
Lunchbox010189: got bit several times by max, fought with john slammed john several times, hit john in the balls more times than i could count, got tangled up with john so whenever i moved my knee he got sick and tormented his knee from where i hit him with the car
. Others maintain that love really exists, and is not an abstraction, but is undefinable, being a quantity which is ] or ] in nature. Some psychologists maintain that love is the action of lending one's "boundary" or "]" to another. Others attempt to define love by applying the definition to everyday life.
Lunchbox010189: fun night

Woohoo5241: Were you guyts drinking?
Cultural differences make any universal definition of love difficult to establish. Expressions of love may include the love for a ] or ], the love of laws and organizations, love for a body, love for nature, love of food, love of money, love for learning, love of power, love of fame, love for the respect of others, etc. Different people place varying degrees of importance on the kinds of love they receive. Love is essentially an ] concept, easier to experience than to explain. Because of the complex and abstract nature of love, discourse on love is commonly reduced to a ], and there are a number of common ]s regarding love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to ]' "]". ] describes love as a condition of "absolute value", as opposed to ].
Lunchbox010189: nope

Lunchbox010189: bored and wanted to raise pulses
==Types==
Lunchbox010189: your gonna raise hell nevermind pulses
*] - the term was used by the early Christians (Greek to be specific, as the word is of Greek origin) to refer to an unconditional acceptance, favour and affinity toward a person. It is a love that is based on a decision instead of a feeling.
Woohoo5241: Whoa I thought that saidc raise pubes
*] – a late medieval conventionalized code prescribing certain conduct and emotions for ladies and their lovers
Woohoo5241: For lke five whole seconds
*] - a false or exaggerated affection shown in return for some kind of material gain
Lunchbox010189: shows where ur mind is
*] (eros) – Sexual attraction or desire toward a person
Lunchbox010189: i also heard u said ud fuck spencer
*] – affection brokered through kinship connections, intertwined with concepts of attachment and bonding
Lunchbox010189: and hit on aaron
*] – sexual relations according to choice and unrestricted by marriage
Lunchbox010189: whats up with that negron
*] - used in the New Testament, philia is a sentimental or conditional love. i.e. "I love you, because..."
Woohoo5241: LOL the first one know, I just higged him.
*] – a close relationship in which sexual desire is non-existent or has been suppressed or sublimated
Woohoo5241: no*
*] – romantic affection that is not "mature" or not "true." The term is often used with negative connotations, insinuating that love between youngsters is less genuine or valuable
Woohoo5241: hugged*
*] – devotion to one's deity or theology
Lunchbox010189: i heard you said and quote, "spencer....if i was really gay i would fuck you!"
*] – affection characterized by a mix of emotional intimacy and sexual desire
Woohoo5241: Who told you that?
*] – love without condition, motive or attachment. Loving someone just because they are themselves, not their actions or beliefs in particular. Also referred to as unconditional love.
Woohoo5241: Roffles.
*] – affection and desire not reciprocated or returned
Lunchbox010189: hmmmmm
*] - affection characterized by lust. i.e. The desire to satisfy or gratify oneself.
Lunchbox010189: lets think
*] - Love that occours the instant that one person comes in contact with another and feels a deep connection or attraction to the other. Also known as "love at first sight" and refered to commonly in many fairy tales and folk lore and literature.
Lunchbox010189: ....
*] - the act of sacrificing one's life, or something of great importance, solely on the basis of love.
Woohoo5241: Shalyn I imagine.

Woohoo5241: No he was sitting at the table with his head down and I gave him a hug and was like "I LOVE YOU YOU SEXY GIRAFFE"
==Scientific views==
Woohoo5241: That was about the extent of it
{{main|Love (scientific views)}}
Woohoo5241: Which he also doesn't remembver cause he was smashed at tje time
Throughout history, predominantly, ] and ] have speculated the most into the phenomenon of love. In the last century, the science of ] has written a great deal on the subject. Recently, however, the sciences of ], ], ], ], and ] have begun to take centre stage in discussion as to the nature and function of love.
Woohoo5241: Man, James is a pimp. Like,s eriously, since that North Dakota trip.

Lunchbox010189: i heard that one on my phone escapadess
Biological models of sex tend to see it as a ]ian drive, just like ] or ]. Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. ] ] created his ] and argued that love has three different components: Intimacy, Commitment, and Passion. Intimacy is a form where two people can share secrets and various details of their personal lives. Intimacy is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment on the other hand is the expectation that the relationship is going to last forever. The last and most common form of love is simply sex, or passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. This led researchers such as Yela to further refine the model by separating Passion into two independents components: Erotic Passion and Romantic Passion.
Lunchbox010189: and why is that

Woohoo5241: All these chicks commenting his MySpace "hey James how are ya?" "Hey James I miss you!" and repeating all these inside jokes
===Chemical basis===
Lunchbox010189: indeed
Recent studies in ] have indicated that a consistent number of chemicals are present in the brain when people testify to feeling love. These chemicals include; ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. More specifically, higher levels of Testosterone and Oestrogen are present during the lustful phase of a relationship. Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Seretonin are more commonly found during the attraction phase of a relationship. Oxytocin, and Vasopressin seemed to be more closely linked to long term bonding and relationships characterized by strong attachments.
Woohoo5241: He gets a lot of female attention.

In ] ], ] ] at ] found that a ] known as the ] has high levels when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year.

"NGF level was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the subjects in love than in either the subjects with a long-lasting relationship or the subjects with no relationship . Notably, there was also a significant positive correlation between levels of NGF and the intensity of romantic love as assessed with the passionate love scale (r=0.34; p=0.007). No differences in the concentrations of other NTs were detected. In 39 subjects in love who—after 12–24 months—maintained the same relationship but were no longer in the same mental state to which they had referred during the initial evaluation, plasma NGF levels decreased and became indistinguishable from those of the control groups."

==Cultural views==
{{main|Love (cultural views)}}
Although there exist numerous cross-cultural unified similarities as to the nature and definition of love, as in there being a thread of commitment, tenderness, and passion common to all human existence, there are differences. For example, in ], with arranged marriages commonplace, it is believed that love is not a necessary ingredient in the initial stages of marriage – it is something that can be created during the marriage; whereas in Western culture, by comparison, love is seen as a necessary prerequisite to marriage.

==Religious views==
{{main|Love (religious views)}}
Love in early religions was a mixture of ecstatic devotion and ritualised obligation to idealised natural forces (pagan polytheism). Later religions shifted emphasis towards single abstractly-oriented objects like God, law, church and state (formalised monotheism).

A third view, pantheism, recognises a state or truth distinct from (and often antagonistic to) the idea that there is a difference between the worshipping subject and the worshipped object. Love is reality, of which we, moving through time, imperfectly interpret ourselves as an isolated part.

The ] speaks of love as a set of attitudes and actions that are far broader than the concept of love as an emotional attachment. Love is seen as a set of behaviours that humankind is encouraged to act out. One is encouraged not just to love one's partner, or even one's friends but also to love one's enemies.

The Bible describes this type of active love in 1 Corinthians 13:4-8:

<blockquote>Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails.
</blockquote>

== Definitional issues ==
Dictionaries tend to define ''love'' as deep affection or fondness.<ref>''Oxford Illustrated American Dictionary'' (1998) + ''Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary'' (2000).</ref> In colloquial use, according to polled opinion, the most favoured definitions of ''love'' include the words:<ref> – Institute of Human Thermodynamics (Chicago)</ref>

#: In common use, '''care''' refers to a mental or emotional state of predisposition in which one has an interest or concern for someone or something. To care for someone, may also refer to a disquieted state of mixed uncertainty, apprehension, and responsibility; or a cause for such anxiety. Caring for an object, such as a ], refers to a state of attendant maintenance; or may also refer to a state of charge or supervision, as in under a doctor’s care.
#''']''' - favoured interpersonal associations or relationships.
#''']''' - dissolution of loving subject into loved object; a hyper-real state of creative generosity.
#''']''' - people related via common ancestry.
#''']''' - the inner connection when another person is a part of your identity.

] defines love as acting intentionally, in sympathetic response to others (including God), to promote overall well-being. Oord means for his definition to be adequate for religion, philosophy, and the sciences.

==See also==
{{col-start}}
{{col-break}}
* ]
* ]
* Aspects of love
** ]
** ]
** ]
** Desire to ]
** ]
** ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{col-break}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]s
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{col-break}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
** ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]s
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{col-end}}

==Notes==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

==References==
* Roger Allen, Hillar Kilpatrick, and Ed de Moor, eds. ''Love and Sexuality in Modern Arabic Literature''. London: Saqi Books, 1995.
* Shadi Bartsch and Thomas Bartscherer, eds. ''Erotikon: Essays on Eros, Ancient and Modern''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
* Helen Fisher. ''Why We Love: the Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love''
* Gabriele Froböse, Rolf Froböse, Michael Gross (Translator): ''Lust and Love: Is it more than Chemistry?'' Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85404-867-7, (2006).
* Thomas Jay Oord, Science of Love: The Wisdom of Well-Being. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2004.
*R. J. Sternberg. ''A triangular theory of love''. 1986. Psychological Review, 93, 119&ndash;135
* R. J. Sternberg. ''Liking versus loving: A comparative evaluation of theories''. 1987. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 331&ndash;345
*{{cite book|author=Sternberg, Robert |title=Cupid's Arrow - the Course of Love through Time|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|id=ISBN 0-521-47893-6}}
* Dorothy Tennov. ''Love and Limerence: the Experience of Being in Love''. New York: Stein and Day, 1979. ISBN 0-8128-6134-5
* Dorothy Tennov. ''A Scientist Looks at Romantic Love and Calls It "Limerence": The Collected Works of Dorothy Tennov''. Greenwich, CT: The Great American Publishing Society (GRAMPS),
* Wood, Wood and Boyd. ''The World of Psychology''. 5th edition. 2005. Pearson Education, 402&ndash;403

==External links==
<!-- Please use the talk page to discuss links prior to adding them here -->
{{wikiquote}}
{{wiktionarypar|love}}

{{Emotion-footer}}

]
]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Revision as of 22:08, 30 September 2006

For other uses, see Love (disambiguation).

Relationships
(Outline)
Types
Genetic or adoptive
By marriage
Partner(s)
Intimate and sexual
Activities
Endings
Emotions and feelings
Practices
Abuse

Love is a profound feeling of tender affection for or intense attraction to another. It is considered a deep, ineffable feeling shared in passionate or intimate interpersonal relationships. However, in different contexts, the word love has a variety of related but distinct meanings: in addition to romantic love, which is characterized by a mix of emotional and sexual desire, other forms include platonic love, religious love, familial love, and the more casual application of the term to anyone or anything that one considers strongly pleasurable, enjoyable, or desirable, including activities and foods. I LOVE GRAHAME.This diverse range of meanings in a single word is commonly contrasted with the plurality of Greek words for love, reflecting the word's versatility and complexity.

Overview

Although clearly and consistently defining love is a difficult task, and often a subject of much debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't "love". As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like), love is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as a less sexual and more "pure" form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is commonly contrasted with friendship, though other definitions of the word love may be applied to close friendships in certain contexts.

The traditional Chinese character for love (愛) consists of a heart (middle) inside of "accept", "feel", or "perceive", which shows a graceful emotion.

In ordinary use, love usually refers to interpersonal love, an experience felt by a person for another person. Love often involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing, including oneself (cf. narcissism).

The concept of love, however, is subject to debate. Some deny the existence of love. Others call it a recently-invented abstraction, sometimes dating the "invention" to courtly Europe during or after the middle ages—though this is contradicted by the sizable body of ancient love poetry. Others maintain that love really exists, and is not an abstraction, but is undefinable, being a quantity which is spiritual or metaphysical in nature. Some psychologists maintain that love is the action of lending one's "boundary" or "self-esteem" to another. Others attempt to define love by applying the definition to everyday life.

Cultural differences make any universal definition of love difficult to establish. Expressions of love may include the love for a soul or mind, the love of laws and organizations, love for a body, love for nature, love of food, love of money, love for learning, love of power, love of fame, love for the respect of others, etc. Different people place varying degrees of importance on the kinds of love they receive. Love is essentially an abstract concept, easier to experience than to explain. Because of the complex and abstract nature of love, discourse on love is commonly reduced to a thought-terminating cliché, and there are a number of common proverbs regarding love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All you need is love". Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value", as opposed to relative value.

Types

  • Agape - the term was used by the early Christians (Greek to be specific, as the word is of Greek origin) to refer to an unconditional acceptance, favour and affinity toward a person. It is a love that is based on a decision instead of a feeling.
  • Courtly love – a late medieval conventionalized code prescribing certain conduct and emotions for ladies and their lovers
  • Cupboard love - a false or exaggerated affection shown in return for some kind of material gain
  • Erotic love (eros) – Sexual attraction or desire toward a person
  • Familial love – affection brokered through kinship connections, intertwined with concepts of attachment and bonding
  • Free love – sexual relations according to choice and unrestricted by marriage
  • Philia - used in the New Testament, philia is a sentimental or conditional love. i.e. "I love you, because..."
  • Platonic love – a close relationship in which sexual desire is non-existent or has been suppressed or sublimated
  • Puppy love – romantic affection that is not "mature" or not "true." The term is often used with negative connotations, insinuating that love between youngsters is less genuine or valuable
  • Religious love – devotion to one's deity or theology
  • Romantic love – affection characterized by a mix of emotional intimacy and sexual desire
  • True love – love without condition, motive or attachment. Loving someone just because they are themselves, not their actions or beliefs in particular. Also referred to as unconditional love.
  • Unrequited love – affection and desire not reciprocated or returned
  • Lust-love - affection characterized by lust. i.e. The desire to satisfy or gratify oneself.
  • Instantaneous love - Love that occours the instant that one person comes in contact with another and feels a deep connection or attraction to the other. Also known as "love at first sight" and refered to commonly in many fairy tales and folk lore and literature.
  • Sacrificial love - the act of sacrificing one's life, or something of great importance, solely on the basis of love.

Scientific views

Main article: Love (scientific views)

Throughout history, predominantly, philosophy and religion have speculated the most into the phenomenon of love. In the last century, the science of psychology has written a great deal on the subject. Recently, however, the sciences of evolutionary psychology, evolutionary biology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have begun to take centre stage in discussion as to the nature and function of love.

Biological models of sex tend to see it as a mammalian drive, just like hunger or thirst. Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg created his Triangular theory of love and argued that love has three different components: Intimacy, Commitment, and Passion. Intimacy is a form where two people can share secrets and various details of their personal lives. Intimacy is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment on the other hand is the expectation that the relationship is going to last forever. The last and most common form of love is simply sex, or passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. This led researchers such as Yela to further refine the model by separating Passion into two independents components: Erotic Passion and Romantic Passion.

Chemical basis

Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that a consistent number of chemicals are present in the brain when people testify to feeling love. These chemicals include; Testosterone, Oestrogen, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Oxytocin, and Vasopressin. More specifically, higher levels of Testosterone and Oestrogen are present during the lustful phase of a relationship. Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Seretonin are more commonly found during the attraction phase of a relationship. Oxytocin, and Vasopressin seemed to be more closely linked to long term bonding and relationships characterized by strong attachments.

In December 2005, Italian scientists at Pavia University found that a molecule known as the Nerve Growth Factor has high levels when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year.

"NGF level was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the subjects in love than in either the subjects with a long-lasting relationship or the subjects with no relationship . Notably, there was also a significant positive correlation between levels of NGF and the intensity of romantic love as assessed with the passionate love scale (r=0.34; p=0.007). No differences in the concentrations of other NTs were detected. In 39 subjects in love who—after 12–24 months—maintained the same relationship but were no longer in the same mental state to which they had referred during the initial evaluation, plasma NGF levels decreased and became indistinguishable from those of the control groups."

Cultural views

Main article: Love (cultural views)

Although there exist numerous cross-cultural unified similarities as to the nature and definition of love, as in there being a thread of commitment, tenderness, and passion common to all human existence, there are differences. For example, in India, with arranged marriages commonplace, it is believed that love is not a necessary ingredient in the initial stages of marriage – it is something that can be created during the marriage; whereas in Western culture, by comparison, love is seen as a necessary prerequisite to marriage.

Religious views

Main article: Love (religious views)

Love in early religions was a mixture of ecstatic devotion and ritualised obligation to idealised natural forces (pagan polytheism). Later religions shifted emphasis towards single abstractly-oriented objects like God, law, church and state (formalised monotheism).

A third view, pantheism, recognises a state or truth distinct from (and often antagonistic to) the idea that there is a difference between the worshipping subject and the worshipped object. Love is reality, of which we, moving through time, imperfectly interpret ourselves as an isolated part.

The Bible speaks of love as a set of attitudes and actions that are far broader than the concept of love as an emotional attachment. Love is seen as a set of behaviours that humankind is encouraged to act out. One is encouraged not just to love one's partner, or even one's friends but also to love one's enemies.

The Bible describes this type of active love in 1 Corinthians 13:4-8:

Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails.

Definitional issues

Dictionaries tend to define love as deep affection or fondness. In colloquial use, according to polled opinion, the most favoured definitions of love include the words:

  1. In common use, care refers to a mental or emotional state of predisposition in which one has an interest or concern for someone or something. To care for someone, may also refer to a disquieted state of mixed uncertainty, apprehension, and responsibility; or a cause for such anxiety. Caring for an object, such as a house, refers to a state of attendant maintenance; or may also refer to a state of charge or supervision, as in under a doctor’s care.
  2. friendship - favoured interpersonal associations or relationships.
  3. union - dissolution of loving subject into loved object; a hyper-real state of creative generosity.
  4. family - people related via common ancestry.
  5. bond - the inner connection when another person is a part of your identity.

Thomas Jay Oord defines love as acting intentionally, in sympathetic response to others (including God), to promote overall well-being. Oord means for his definition to be adequate for religion, philosophy, and the sciences.

See also

Notes

  1. Oxford Illustrated American Dictionary (1998) + Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (2000).
  2. '04 Poll of 250 Chicagoans – Institute of Human Thermodynamics (Chicago)

References

  • Roger Allen, Hillar Kilpatrick, and Ed de Moor, eds. Love and Sexuality in Modern Arabic Literature. London: Saqi Books, 1995.
  • Shadi Bartsch and Thomas Bartscherer, eds. Erotikon: Essays on Eros, Ancient and Modern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Helen Fisher. Why We Love: the Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love
  • Gabriele Froböse, Rolf Froböse, Michael Gross (Translator): Lust and Love: Is it more than Chemistry? Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85404-867-7, (2006).
  • Thomas Jay Oord, Science of Love: The Wisdom of Well-Being. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2004.
  • R. J. Sternberg. A triangular theory of love. 1986. Psychological Review, 93, 119–135
  • R. J. Sternberg. Liking versus loving: A comparative evaluation of theories. 1987. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 331–345
  • Sternberg, Robert (1998). Cupid's Arrow - the Course of Love through Time. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47893-6.
  • Dorothy Tennov. Love and Limerence: the Experience of Being in Love. New York: Stein and Day, 1979. ISBN 0-8128-6134-5
  • Dorothy Tennov. A Scientist Looks at Romantic Love and Calls It "Limerence": The Collected Works of Dorothy Tennov. Greenwich, CT: The Great American Publishing Society (GRAMPS),
  • Wood, Wood and Boyd. The World of Psychology. 5th edition. 2005. Pearson Education, 402–403

External links

Emotions (list)
Emotions
Worldviews
Related
Italics indicate emotion names in foreign languages
Categories: