Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox_RegionIT \|
	coatofarms = Bolzano-Prov-Stemma.gif\|
	name = Trentino-Alto Adige - Trentino-Südtirol \|
	fullname = Autonome Region Trentino-Südtirol <br/> Regione Autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige <br /> Region Autonòma Trentino-Südtirol\|
	isocode =   \|
	capital = ] (Trient)\|
	governor = ]<br />('']'') \|
	zone = ] \|
	province = ]<br />] \|
	municipality = 339 \|
	arearank = 11th \|
	area = ] \|
	areapercent = 4.5 \|
	population_as_of = 2006 est. \|
	populationrank = 16th \|
	population = 985,128 \|
	populationpercent = 1.7 \|
	populationdensity = 72 \|
	map = ] \|
	}}
	'''Trentino-South Tyrol''' (] and ]: ''Trentino-Südtirol'', ]: ''Trentino-Alto Adige'') is an ] ] in ]. It consists of two distinct areas, the Italian-speaking ] and the largely German-speaking ]. The region was part of ] until its annexation by ] in ]. It was called ''Venezia Tridentina'' between ] and ].

	==Geography and economy==
	]
	The autonomous region is bordered by ] to the north and by the Italian regions of ] to the west and ] to the south. It covers ] (5,256 ]). It is extremely mountainous, covering a large part of the ] and the southern ]. The lowest pass across the Alps, the ], is located at the far north of the region on the border with Austria.

	The fertile valleys of Trentino-South Tyrol produce wine, fruit, dairy products and timber, while its industries include paper, chemical and metal production. The region is a major exporter of ] power. Tourism is an important source of revenue and the region is renowned for its winter skiing opportunities, especially in the ] area.

	Trentino-South Tyrol is divided into the provinces of ] and ]

	==Demographics==
	Trentino-South Tyrol has a population of about 940,000 people (460,000 in Bolzano and 480,000 in Trento provinces). The main ethnic groups are Italian-speakers (about 60% of the total) and German speakers (a little under 35%), with a small minority speaking the ] (5%).
	In Bolzano-Bozen province or South Tyrol, the majority language is German (about 68% of the population), although in the capital city of the same name Bolzano-Bozen three quarters of the population speak Italian.
	In Trento province or Trentino there are very few German-speakers. They live mainly in the municipality of Lusern/Luserna and four municipalities in the Bersntol/Mocheni Valley. There are also Ladins living in the Fassa Valley.
	Unlike in South-Tyrol, the protection of ] groups in Trentino is not covered by the new Statuto d'Autonomia, although it is under current provincial statutes.

	==History==
	The region of current South Tyrol was conquered by the Romans in ]. After the end of the ], it was divided between the ] (]), ] (]) and ] (from ] to ]). After the creation of the ] under ], the frontier mark of Trento included the counties of Bolzano and Venosta, while the ] received the remained part.

	From the ] onwards, part of the region was governed by the ]s of ] and ], to whom the ] had given extensive temporal powers over their bishoprics. The rest was part of the ]: in 1363 its last titular, ] of ] (von Görz) ceded it to the House of ]. The regione was largely Germanized in the early Renaissance, and important German language poet like ] and ] were originary of South Tyrol.

	The two Bishoprics were secularized by the ] of ] and given to the Habsburgs. Two years later, following the Austrian defeat at ], the region was given to Napoleon's ally ] (], 1805). The new rulers provoked a peasant rebellion, led by local hero ], in 1809 which was soon crushed; after Napoleon defeat, in ], the region returned to Austria. The Italian denomination of Alto Adige was created during the French occupation.

	During the ], major battles were fought high in the Alps and Dolomites between Austrian and Italian forces, for whom control of the South Tyrol was a key strategic objective. The collapse of the Austrian war effort enabled Italian troops to occupy the region in ] and its annexation was confirmed in the post-war treaties, which awarded the Trentino and South Tyrol to Italy under the terms of the ].

	Under the rule of ], the ] ] of Italy (ruled ]-]), South Tyrol was subjected to an intensive programme of forcibly imposed ]: all references to old Tyrol were banned and the region was referred to as "Venezia Tridentina," in an attempt to justify the Italian claims to the area by historically linking the region to the ] (in fact the Republic never ruled Trentino). ] and Mussolini agreed in ] that the German-speaking population would be transferred to German-ruled territory or dispersed around Italy, but the outbreak of the ] prevented them from fully carrying out the relocation. Nevertheless thousands of people were relocated to the Third Reich and only with great difficulties managed to return to their ancestral land after the end of the war.

	In ], when the Italian government signed an armistice with the Allies, the region was occupied by ], which reorganised it as the "Alpenvorland" (literally "Alpine Foreland") and put it under the administration of ] ]. The region was ''de facto'' annexed to the ] (with the addition of the ]) until the end of the war. This status ended along with the ] regime and Italian rule was restored in ].

	Italy and Austria negotiated an agreement in ], put into effect in ] when a new ] was promulgated, that the region would be granted considerable autonomy. German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted once more. However, the implementation of the agreement was not seen as satisfactory by either the German-speaking population or the Austrian government. The issue became the cause of significant friction between the two countries and was taken up by the ] in ]. A fresh round of negotiations took place in ] but proved unsuccessful, partly because of a campaign of ] by German-speaking separatists.

	The issue was only resolved in ] when a new Italo-Austrian treaty was signed and ratified. It stipulated that disputes in Bolzano province would be submitted for settlement to the ] in ], that the province would receive greater autonomy from Italy, and that Austria would not interfere in Bolzano's internal affairs. The new agreement proved broadly satisfactory to the parties involved and the separatist tensions soon eased. Matters were helped further by Austria's accession to the ] in ], which has helped to improve cross-border cooperation.

	==Politics==
	The regional capital is ] and the region is divided into two autonomous ]: ] or ] and Provincia autonoma di ] or ]. The provincial capitals alternate biennially as the site of the regional parliament.

	The autonomy of both provinces elevates them ''de facto'' to the status of autonomous regions.

	==External links==
	* in German and Italian
	* - introduction to the region's autonomy statute.
	*Tourist information for South Tyrol: <br> (main page in German, with a section in English)
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	{{Italy}}

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Revision as of 13:34, 2 October 2006

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Trentino-Alto Adige