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{{Infobox company {{Infobox company
|name = Baby Einstein |name = The Baby Einstein Company
|logo = Baby Einstein logo.svg |logo = ]
|logo_size = 200px |foundation = ] (1996)
|caption = '''''"Great minds start little"'''''
|logo_padding = 10px
|foundation = {{start date and age|1996}}

|location = ], ], ] |location = ], ], ]
|key_people = |key_people =
{{ublist |Julie Aigner-Clark (Founder)}} ''''''Julie Clark''', Founder'''
''''''Susan McLain''', Manager'''
|industry = Infant entertainment
''''''Nadeem Zaidi''', Graphics'''
|owner = Independent (1997–2001)<br />] (2001–2013)<br />] (2013-present)
</small>
|parent = ] (2013-present)
|industry = Infant Entertainment
|parent = ]
|homepage = |homepage =
}} }}


'''Baby Einstein''' is a line of ] products and ]s that specialize in interactive activities for ] viewers aged 5 years old and younger. Subjects music, art, language, science, and mathematics are prominently explored. These products are currently made by a division of the ], marketed under the ], "Great minds start little". The Baby Einstein Company pays a significant amount of money to ], on behalf of the estate of renowned physicist ], for the use of the Einstein name, though the products have virtually nothing to do with Einstein or his work (however, Disney uses a disclaimer that Einstein is a trademark of ]<ref name="Httpbabyeinsteincomhome">http://babyeinstein.com/home/</ref>).
'''Baby Einstein''' is a line of ] products, including ] programs, ]s, ]s, ]s, and ]s that specialize in interactive activities for ]s and ]s, created by Julie Aigner-Clark. Baby Einstein was introduced to the public in 1996 and remained a small company until Clark sold to Disney. Between November 2001 and September 2013, Baby Einstein products were owned and operated by ]. From October 2013 onward, ] owns and operates Baby Einstein products.
The videos are known for showing babies from birth to three years simple patterns, puppet shows, and familiar objects, such as everyday items, animals, and toys that are often accompanied by reorchestrated classical music written by composers such as ], ], ], and many others constructed for an easy, relaxing way meant for a baby's ear.


==History== ==History==
The '''Baby Einstein Company''' was founded in 1996 by former teacher and ] Julie Aigner-Clark at her home in suburban ], ], as '''I Think I Can Productions'''.<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UO0eqXc1ous|title=YouTube|publisher=|accessdate=25 May 2016}}</ref> Aigner-Clark and her husband invested $18,000 of their savings to produce the initial product, a VHS they named ''Baby Einstein'' and later sold as ''Language Nursery''. The Baby Einstein Company was founded in 1997 by stay-at-home mom and former teacher ] at her home in suburban ], as '''Julie Aigner-Clark Films'''.<ref>http://www.babyeinstein.com/en/our_story/history/</ref> Aigner-Clark and her husband, Bill Clark, invested $18,000 of their savings to produce the initial product, a ], a VHS entitled ''Baby Einstein,'' later sold as ''Language Nursery''.

The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words of many languages. Eventually, the video was marketed across the ], ], ] and ]. Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two ]s, Aspen & Sierra, among other children. Also featuring toys by Ambi, Brio, Folkmanis, Dakin, Chimes, Battat, Tomy, Legends and Lore, among others.

Baby Einstein became a multi-million dollar ]; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Denver Post| title=Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million- dollar enterprise| author=Eric Hubler| date=1999-03-12}}</ref> to around $10 million in 2000.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children| journal=Denver Post| date=2001-05-30|author=Daisy Whitney}}</ref> Aigner-Clark renamed the company to '''The Baby Einstein Company''' in January 1998, and sold a 20% stake in the company to ] and ] in February 2000 and sold the rest to ] for an undisclosed amount in November 2001.<ref>{{cite news|title=Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company| date=2000-02-10| publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> The franchise is named after and pays significant ] to the estate of deceased physicist ], putting him in the top 5 of most earning dead celebrities, according to ].<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html |title=Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)| publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=2006-10-25|accessdate=2008-08-13|author=(Reuters)| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080905014203/http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html| archivedate= 5 September 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

At one point in 2009, the brand was estimated to be worth nearly 400 million dollars based on revenues. Julie was named Entrepreneur of the Year and won various awards for her products, which are the number one selling brand (1 in three households with babies in the US own at least one Baby Einstein product) of videos for very young children.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Julie has appeared in many media outlets, including Oprah, GMA, The Today Show and USA Today. On January 23, 2007 The Baby Einstein Company was mentioned in the ] address by President ]. Aigner-Clark, along with other notable U.S. citizens, was invited to sit in the gallery during the speech, and was recognized by Bush during his presentation to the nation.

As a ] of Disney, the production budgets were increased and the concept was expanded to include a wide range of themes. A line of educational toys were also developed. In 2005, the franchise inspired a ] ] called '']''.

The official ''Baby Einstein'' website is available in English and en Español, with specific content for more than 30 different countries.

==Current Status==
The final ''Baby Einstein'' video was released on September 29, 2009 and was titled as ''World Animal Adventure'', with '']'' ending that same year on December 22, 2009. As a not-so-popular series anymore, ''Baby Einstein'' videos are no longer on sale at a few commuity stores, but they are still popular and on sale on few shopping websites. Other ''Baby Einstein'' products on currently on sale at few stores.

Julie Aigner-Clark no longer owns or operates the company she founded. She has since been involved in several start ups, including The Safe Side and Baby Bytes. She is a notable speaker and has a web site that can be found at http://www.mommymade.com.

==Complaint to FTC==
In May 2006, the ] (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. ] (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and the Brainy Baby Company, a producer of similar videos;<ref name=FTCcomplaint>, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008</ref> the following month the CCFC amended the complaint to include another producer, BabyFirstTV.<ref name="FTCcomplaint"/> The CCFC alleged ] by these companies, citing the ]' recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television at all,<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;107/2/423 |author= ], Committee on Public Education |title=Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)| journal=]|volume=107|date=February 2001|pages=423–426 |doi=10.1542/peds.107.2.423 |pmid=11158483 |issue=2}}</ref> and a study showing that only six percent of parents are aware of that recommendation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html| title=Putting the Book Back in Book Fair| publisher=]|date=January 2007| accessdate=2007-08-13| author=Josh Golin |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070812174744/http://www.mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm |title=New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers|author=Michelle M. Garrison and Dimitri A. Christakis| publisher=]|accessdate=2007-08-13 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070902235706/http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm| archivedate= 2 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> while 49 percent of parents think educational videos like these are very important in the intellectual development of children.

In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, determining not to recommend any enforcement action against the company. In so doing, the FTC noted that certain of the claims that were the subject of the CCFC’s complaint did not raise issues under the FTC’s substantiation rules.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter> to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008</ref> Other factors considered by the FTC in making its determination included the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's representations that it would take steps to ensure that any advertising claims with respect to educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter/> However, the websites of Baby Einstein in languages other than English are not all modified in the same way. For example, its official Chinese website still contains the product effect statement as "For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/cn/OurProducts.shtml|title=产品介绍 ("Product Introduction")|accessdate=2008-08-22}} ("例如我们已经发行的《小小梵高－色彩的世界》影片DVD，就能启发宝宝们对颜色的兴趣和认识。" ("For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."))</ref>

As with all of its products, Disney offers refunds to any customers who are unhappy with the quality of its merchandise.<ref>{{cite web |title=CCFC Victory: Disney Offers Refunds on Baby Einstein Videos|url=http://commercialfreechildhood.org//babyeinsteinrefund.html|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Baby Einstein DVD Upgrade / Moneyback Guarantee|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/(S(3qnoffi1whnnnt55h2ljk355))/parentsguide/satisfaction/upgrade_us.html|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref>

==Controversy over effects on language development==

In 1993, a study was published which showed listening to Mozart produced an increase in spatial reasoning skills for approximately ten minutes in college students, a phenomenon dubbed ''The Mozart Effect''. The authors of the paper later complained that their research had been misunderstood in popular culture to imply a permanent increase in general intelligence.

In August 2007, the '']'' published a ] version of the results of a study by researchers at the ] on the effects of television and DVD/video viewing on language development in children under two years of age. The study, the second conducted by the same researchers as part of a larger project, was a correlational study based on telephone interviews with parents of children aged 2 to 24 months. The parents were asked about time spent interacting with adults, how much time was spent watching television and DVDs/videos, and what kind of media the children watched.

The study's authors, Drs. Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and ], concluded that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" — such as ''Baby Einstein'' and ''Brainy Baby'' — was strongly ] with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory - a standard ] test. This result was specific to baby-oriented educational videos and did not hold for other types of media, and was not related to shared parental viewing. Among toddlers aged 17 to 24 months, the study found no ] effects, either negative or positive, for any of the forms of media that were viewed. Daily reading and storytelling, however, were found to be associated with somewhat higher language scores, especially for toddlers. Listening to music, on the other hand, had no significant effect.<ref>{{cite journal|author=F. J. Zimmerman, D.A. Christakis, and A.N. Meltzoff| title=Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years| journal=Journal of Pediatrics| date= online 2007-08-07| url=http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site36/2007/0817/20070817_071817_Zimmermanetal__Associations_JPed07.pdf| doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071|format=PDF|volume=151|pages=364|pmid=17889070|issue=4}}</ref>

The University of Washington press release announcing the study explained that for each hour-per-day spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them, and recommended that parents limit their use. "There is no clear evidence of a benefit coming from baby DVDs and videos and there is some suggestion of harm," said lead author Frederick Zimmerman. "We don't know for sure that baby DVDs and videos are harmful, but the best policy is safety first. Parents should limit their exposure as much as possible."<ref name="Joel Schwartz">{{cite web|url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898|author=Joel Schwartz|date=2007-08-07|title=Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development |publisher=University of Washington (press release)}}</ref> In his study, Zimmerman states that the association between television-watching was only observed in the younger children, and that this could disappear by the time the children become toddlers.


Christakis, a pediatrician, said that he is "frequently asked by parents what the value of these products is," and stated, "The evidence is mounting that they are of no value and may in fact be harmful. Given what we now know, I believe the onus is on the manufacturers to prove their claims that watching these programs can positively impact children's cognitive development."<ref name="Joel Schwartz"/><!-- <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-sci-babyeinstein7aug07,0,3932608.story?coll=la-home-center|title= Baby Einstein: a bright idea?|author=Amber Dance|accessdate=2007-08-07 |publisher=''The Los Angeles Times''|date= 2007-08-07}}</ref>
The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words of many languages. Eventually, the video was marketed across the ], ], ], and ]. Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two ]s, as well as other children. All videos feature toys by Ambi, Brio, Folkmanis, Dakin, Chimes, Battat, Tomy, among others.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.yahoo.com/news/178150;_ylt=AjrDv3d57zoQLUl3afGzMfFLvs8F|title=DVDs Don't Produce Brainy Babies|accessdate=2007-08-09|publisher=''Yahoo.com''|date=2007-08-09}}</ref> -->


In response to the negative media reports generated by the study and the press release, the Baby Einstein Company issued the following statement:
It quickly became a multimillion-dollar ]; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998<ref>{{cite news|work =Denver Post| title=Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million-dollar enterprise| author=Eric Hubler| date=March 12, 1999 }}</ref> to $25 million in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children| work=Denver Post| date=May 30, 2001 |author=Daisy Whitney}}</ref> In January 1998, Julie Aigner-Clark renamed the company the Baby Einstein Company, and in February 2000 gave distribution rights of the company's home videos to ] and ], both now acquired by and folded into ]. In November 2001, Julie Aigner-Clark sold Baby Einstein to ].<ref>{{cite news|title= Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company| date=February 10, 2000 | work =Business Wire}}</ref>
<blockquote>Baby Einstein is committed to maintaining the highest standards in the development of all of our products. After thoroughly analyzing the University of Washington study, we have serious concerns about the many contradictions between the study's conclusions and the content of its press release that created publicity which incorrectly suggests that this study focused on Baby Einstein products. In fact, the report concludes by stating “The analysis presented here is not a direct test of the developmental impact of viewing baby DVDs/videos. We did not test through experimental manipulation whether viewing baby DVDs/videos has a positive or negative impact on vocabulary acquisition.”<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html | title=Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words | publisher=TheDenverChannel.com | author=Theresa Marchetta| date=2007-08-08|accessdate=2007-08-13| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070926235429/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html| archivedate= 26 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref></blockquote>


On August 13, 2007, ], president and CEO of the Walt Disney Company, the owner of Baby Einstein, demanded that the University of Washington retract the press release, asserting that the study itself doesn’t support the claims made by the University’s public relations department.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf|title=The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release| date=2007-08-13|publisher=Baby Einstein press release|author=Robert A. Iger|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://consumerist.com/consumer/take-it-back/walt-disney-demands-retraction-from-university-of-washington-over-baby-einstein-video-press-release-289008.php|title=Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release|accessdate=2007-08-13|publisher=Consumerist.com|date=2007-08-13|author=Meg Marco}}</ref> On August 16, University of Washington President Mark A. Emmert rejected Disney's complaints, saying that the university stands behind the research and that the press release accurately reflected the paper's conclusions and the scientists' commentary.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=36148 |title=UW President rejects Disney complaints|publisher=University of Washington press release|date=2007-08-16}}</ref>
The concept and popularity of Baby Einstein expanded as a Disney property. Educational toys and additional videos were developed. Baby Einstein was also the source of inspiration for a Preschool-aimed television series called '']'', created jointly by ] and ]. The series aired episodes on ] from 2005-2009 and has since been airing reruns on ] the channel.


In March 2008, The Journal of Pediatrics released a study by the researchers at the Center on Media and Child Health at Children’s Hospital in Boston, and Harvard University, showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, although the study looked at all types of television, not specifically baby DVDs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2009/03/tvs_not_the_big_bad_wolf.html | work=The Washington Post | title=TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf}}</ref>
The success of Baby Einstein was estimated to be nearly $400 million based on revenues. Julie was named "Entrepreneur of the Year" and won various awards, and one in three U.S. households with babies were found to own at least one Baby Einstein product.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} It received positive media and Aigner-Clark appeared on the '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others. President ] mentioned the Baby Einstein Company in his 2007 ] address, which Aigner-Clark was invited to attend.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}


On September 4, 2009, the Walt Disney Company announced that it would offer a refund for all Baby Einstein DVDs/videos purchased between June 5, 2004 and September 4, 2009, extending a refund policy already in place.<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title=No Einstein in Your Crib? Get a Refund|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=27 October 2009|work=The ]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/24/education/24baby.html?_r=1&em}}</ref> The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, which had been pushing for a recall of the videos, sees the refund offer as "an acknowledgement by the leading baby video company that baby videos are not educational".
In 2008, Clark, along with actress ], hosted a tenth anniversary party for ''Baby Einstein''. Clark had also announced plans to launch a toddler brand called ''Einstein Pals'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080820005257/en/Baby-Einstein-TM-Founder-Julie-Clark-Jennifer|title=Baby Einstein(TM) Founder Julie Clark and Jennifer Garner Host 10th Anniversary Celebration - Business Wire|author=|date=|work=businesswire.com|accessdate=8 September 2016}}</ref> including videos, but it has since been abandoned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/einstein-pals-77294482.html|title=Apply for a Trademark. Search a Trademark|author=|date=|work=trademarkia.com|accessdate=8 September 2016}}</ref>


In January 2010, William and Julie Clark asked a judge to order the University of Washington to release records from the 2007 effects of television viewing study, citing, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies, to see if the outcomes are the same."<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title='Baby Einstein' Founder Goes to Court|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=12 January 2010|work=The ]|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/education/13einstein.html?_r=0}}</ref>
Because Baby Einstein was named after ], ] had to be paid to ], which compensates the Einstein ], making him one of the top five earning dead celebrities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html |title= Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)| work =Sydney Morning Herald|date=2006-10-25|accessdate=2008-08-13| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080905014203/http://www.smh.com.au/news/music/cobain-is-the-new-elvis/2006/10/25/1161699375968.html| archivedate= 5 September 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


Soon after, The University of Washington settled with the Clarks, paying out nearly $200,000 in back legal fees.
Clark left the company after the release of ''Baby Beethoven'' and has since been involved in other startups including The Safe Side and WeeSchool.


In 2013 the original University of Washington dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars. The scholars concluded that, depending upon how the statistics were manipulated, the dataset could have been used to suggest that baby videos increased, decreased or had no effect on language development. The reanalysis concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.<ref>{{cite journal|author=C. J. Ferguson, and M. B Donnellan| title=Is the association between children’s baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)| journal=DeveopmentalPsychology| year= 2013| url=http://www.christopherjferguson.com/Baby%20Videos.pdf| |format=PDF}}</ref>
In October 2013, ] acquired Baby Einstein from ]<ref name="License! Global">{{cite news |url=http://www.licensemag.com/license-global/kids-ii-purchases-baby-einstein|author =License! Global|date=October 14, 2013 |title=Kids II Purchases Baby Einstein |work =License! Global }}</ref>


==Baby Einstein Videos==
==Controversy==
* Baby Einstein (Sun Aug 06)
* Baby Mozart (Mon Aug 07)
* Baby Beach (Tue. Aug 08)
* Baby Shakespeare (Wed. Aug 09)
* Baby Van Golf (Thu. Aug 10)
* Baby Santa's (Fri. Aug 11)
* Baby Dolittle (Sat. Aug 12)
* Baby Dolittle (Sun. Aug 13)
* Baby Einstein (Mon. Aug 14)
* Baby Beethoven (Tue. Aug 15)
* Baby Nature (Wed. Aug 16)
* Baby Galileo (Thu. Aug 17)
* Numbers Nursery (Fri. Aug 18)
* Baby McDonald's (Sat. Aug 19)
* Baby Aquarium (Sun. Aug 20)
* Baby Nova (Mon. Aug 21)
* Baby Monet (Tue. Aug 22)
* Baby Wordsworth (Wed. Aug 23)
* On the Farm (Thu. Aug 24)
* Meet the Orchestra (Fri. Aug 25)
* Baby's Favorite Places (Sat. Aug 26)
* Baby's First Moves (Sun. Aug 27)
* Discovering Shapes (Mon. Aug 28)
* My First Signs (Tue. Aug 29)
* Lullaby Time (Wed. Aug 30)
* Baby's First Sounds (Thu. Aug 31)
* World Music (Fri. Sep 1)
* World Animal Adventure (Sat. Sep 2)


===FTC complaint=== == See also ==
* ]
In May 2006, the ] (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. ] (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and similar companies for ].<ref name=FTCcomplaint> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054418/http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/babyvideos/ftccomplaint.htm |date=2011-07-19 }}, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008</ref> The CCFC alleged false advertising based on an ] recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;107/2/423 |author= ], Committee on Public Education |title=Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)| journal=] |volume=107| date=February 2001|pages=423–426 |doi= 10.1542/peds.107.2.423 |pmid=11158483 |issue=2}}</ref> It also cited studies showing that only 6% of parents were aware of that recommendation, whereas 49% thought educational videos were very important in children's intellectual development.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html |title=Putting the Book Back in Book Fair |work=] |date=January 2007 |accessdate=2007-08-13 |author=Josh Golin |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812174744/http://www.mothering.com/guest_editors/kids_commercialism/kids_commercialism.html |archivedate=2007-08-12 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm |title=New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers|author1=Michelle M. Garrison |author2=Dimitri A. Christakis |lastauthoramp=yes | publisher=] |accessdate=2007-08-13 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070902235706/http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia121405pkg.cfm| archivedate= 2 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)
In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, noting that some of the CCFC’s claims did not raise issues under the FTC’s substantiation rules.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter> to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008</ref> The FTC also considered the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's promise to make sure that advertising claims about products' educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated.<ref name=FTCClosingLetter/> However, the websites of Baby Einstein in languages other than English are not all modified in the same way. For example, its official Chinese website still contains the product effect statement as "For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/cn/OurProducts.shtml |title=产品介绍 ("Product Introduction") |accessdate=2008-08-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312120653/http://www.babyeinstein.com/cn/Ourproducts.shtml |archivedate=2008-03-12 |df= }} ("例如我们已经发行的《小小梵高－色彩的世界》影片DVD，就能启发宝宝们对颜色的兴趣和认识。" ("For example, the ''Baby Van Gogh'' released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."))</ref>


Divertimento K136, 1st Movement (Mozart)
===Language development===
Symphony #7, 3rd Movement (Beethoven)
A 2010 study published in '']'' demonstrated that children who viewed the videos regularly for one month, with or without their parents, "showed no greater understanding of words from the program than kids who never saw it".<ref name=bower>{{cite news|author1=Bruce Bower|title=DVDs don’t turn toddlers into vocabulary Einsteins| url= https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dvds-don%E2%80%99t-turn-toddlers-vocabulary-einsteins| work= ScienceNews |date = September 3, 2010}}</ref> On the other hand, children who were taught by their parents improved the most; researchers speculated that this was probably because children learn best "through meaningful gestures and interactive communication with parents".<ref name=maia>{{cite news|author1=Maia Szalavitz |title=‘Like Crack for Babies': Kids Love Baby Einstein, But They Don’t Learn From It|url=http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/07/like-crack-for-babies-baby-einstein-fails-again-in-new-study |work =Time|date=September 7, 2010}}</ref> In response to these new findings, Disney offered refunds to parents whose children did not see improvement,<ref>Tamar Lewin, , '']'', October 23, 2009</ref> even though ], CEO of the ], demanded a retraction (of the press release) when a similarly unsupportive study was announced in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf |title=The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release |date=August 13, 2007 |publisher=Baby Einstein press release |author=] |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928033923/http://www.babyeinstein.com/Common/Documents/BobIgerPressRelease.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://consumerist.com/consumer/take-it-back/walt-disney-demands-retraction-from-university-of-washington-over-baby-einstein-video-press-release-289008.php|title=Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release |accessdate=2007-08-13| work =The Consumerist |date=2007-08-13|author=Meg Marco}}</ref>


BINGO (Traditional)
The 2007 study, based on telephone interviews with parents, had been published in the '']'' and resulted in a lawsuit by the company's founders due to widespread negative media coverage stemming from the article.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ilabs.washington.edu/news/TIME_BrainierBaby_Jan_06.pdf |title=Want a Brainier Baby? Loading up on tapes, games and videos may not be a smart move | author=]| work =Time | date=2006-01-08 | accessdate=2007-08-14|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12437-educational-dvds-slow-infant-learning.html| title=Educational DVDs 'slow infant learning'| work =New Scientist |date=2007-08-07|author=Roxanne Khamsi}}</ref> The press release announcing the study explained that for each hour spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them.<ref name="Joel Schwartz">{{cite news|url=http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898 |author=Joel Schwartz |date=August 7, 2007 |title=Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development |work=University of Washington press release |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818223741/http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=35898 |archivedate=2007-08-18 |df= }}</ref> The ] researchers Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and ] had claimed that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" such as "Baby Einstein" and "Brainy Baby" was strongly ] with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory, a standard ] test.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Frederick J. Zimmerman |author2=Dimitri A. Christakis |author3=Andrew N. Meltzoff |last-author-amp=yes | title=Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years| journal= Journal of Pediatrics| date=2007-08-07| url=http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site36/2007/0817/20070817_071817_Zimmermanetal__Associations_JPed07.pdf| doi= 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071|format=PDF|volume=151|pages=364–8|pmid=17889070|issue=4}}</ref> The Baby Einstein Company expressed "serious concerns about the many contradictions" in the study.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html | title=Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words | work =The Denver Channel | author=Theresa Marchetta| date=2007-08-08|accessdate=2007-08-13| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235429/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/13853586/detail.html| archivedate= 26 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Although University of Washington President ] rejected Disney's claims,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.webwire.com/viewpressrel.asp?aid=45295|title=UW President rejects Disney complaints| work =University of Washington press release|date=2007-08-16}}</ref> in 2010 the university settled with the founders, paying out $175,000 in back legal fees and turned over the study's data to the Baby Einstein founders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/ci_18381772|title='Baby Einstein' DVD creators find redemption in documents suggesting negative study was flawed| work =The Denver Post|date=2011-06-30}}</ref>


Divertimento K213, 3rd Movement (Mozart)
In March 2008, the ''Journal of Pediatrics'' released a study by ] and the ]'s Center on Media and Child Health showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, in a study that examined all television rather than just education DVDs for babies.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2009/03/tvs_not_the_big_bad_wolf.html |date = March 2009 | work=The Washington Post | title =TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf}}</ref> In January 2010, the founders requested that a judge order the University of Washington to release records for the 2007 study, saying, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies".<ref name=Refund>{{cite news|title='Baby Einstein' Founder Goes to Court|last=Lewin|first=Tamar|date=12 January 2010|work= ] |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/education/13einstein.html }}</ref> In 2013 the original dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars who concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.<ref>{{cite journal|author1 =Christopher J. Ferguson |author2 = M. B. Donnellan | title= Is the association between children’s baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)| journal= Developmental Psychology| year= 2013| url=http://www.christopherjferguson.com/Baby%20Videos.pdf| |format=PDF}}</ref>
Symphony #1, 1st Movement (Bizet)


Messiah: Hallelujah Chorus Variation (Handel)
==Products==
Piano Sonata K330, 3rd Movement (Mozart)
la Toupie From Jeux D' Enfants (Bizet)
Figaro Polka (Strauss)


Orchestral Suite #3 Gigue (Bach)
===List Of Videos===
* Baby Einstein (1998)
* Baby Mozart (1998)
* Baby Bach (1999)
* Baby Shakespeare (2000)
* Baby Van Gogh (2000)
* Baby Santa's Music Box (2000)
* Baby Dolittle: Neighborhood Animals (2001)
* Baby Dolittle: World Animals (2001)
* Baby Newton: All About Shapes (2002)
* Baby Beethoven: Symphony of Fun (2002)
* Baby Neptune: Discovering Water (2002)
* Baby Galileo: Discovering the Sky (2003)
* Numbers Nursery (2003)
* Baby MacDonald: A Day On The Farm (2003)
* Baby Da Vinci: From Head to Toe (2004)
* Baby Einstein II: Language Nursery (2004)
* Baby Noah: Animal Expidition (2004)
* Baby Monet: Discovering the Seasons (2005)
* Baby Wordsworth: First Words - Around the House (2005)
* On the Go: Riding, Sailing and Soaring (2005)
* Meet the Orchestra: First Instruments (2006)
* Baby's Favorite Places: First Words - Around Town (2006)
* Baby's First Moves (2006)
* My First Signs: See And Sign With Baby (2007)
* Discovering Shapes: Circles, Squares And More (2007)
* Lullaby Time: Soothing Sounds For Baby (2007)
* Baby's First Sounds: Discoveries for Little Ears (2008)
* World Music (2009)
* World Animal Adventure (2009)


Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)
=== Discovery Kits ===
* Baby Mozart (2010)
* Baby Beethoven (2010)
* Animals Around Me (2010)
* Wild Animal Safari (2010)
* World of Words (2010)
* World of Colors (2010)
* Baby Lullaby (2011)
* Neptune's Oceans (2011)
* World of Rhythm (2011)
* World of Shapes (2010)


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *
*
* Disney's Official Baby Einstein DVD listing
*
===Additional reading===
*{{cite journal| url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12437-educational-dvds-slow-infant-learning.html| title=Educational DVDs 'slow infant learning'| journal=NewScientist.com|date=2007-08-07|author=Roxanne Khamsi}}
*{{cite journal|url=http://ilabs.washington.edu/news/TIME_BrainierBaby_Jan_06.pdf |title=Want a Brainier Baby? Loading up on tapes, games and videos may not be a smart move | author=]| journal=Time | date=2006-01-08 | accessdate=2007-08-14|format=PDF}}
* by Tamar Lewin, '']'', October 23, 2009


{{DisneyConsumer}}


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Revision as of 22:36, 13 August 2017

The Baby Einstein Company
File:Baby Einstein logo.svg
IndustryInfant Entertainment
FoundedColorado (1996)
HeadquartersBurbank, California, United States
Key people'Julie Clark', Founder

'Susan McLain', Manager 'Nadeem Zaidi', Graphics

ParentThe Walt Disney Company
WebsiteBabyEinstein.com

Baby Einstein is a line of multimedia products and toys that specialize in interactive activities for preschool viewers aged 5 years old and younger. Subjects music, art, language, science, and mathematics are prominently explored. These products are currently made by a division of the Walt Disney Company, marketed under the slogan, "Great minds start little". The Baby Einstein Company pays a significant amount of money to Corbis, on behalf of the estate of renowned physicist Albert Einstein, for the use of the Einstein name, though the products have virtually nothing to do with Einstein or his work (however, Disney uses a disclaimer that Einstein is a trademark of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem).

History

The Baby Einstein Company was founded in 1997 by stay-at-home mom and former teacher Julie Aigner-Clark at her home in suburban Alpharetta, Georgia, as Julie Aigner-Clark Films. Aigner-Clark and her husband, Bill Clark, invested $18,000 of their savings to produce the initial product, a Video Board Book, a VHS entitled Baby Einstein, later sold as Language Nursery.

The original video shows a variety of toys and visuals interspersed with music, stories, numbers, and words of many languages. Eventually, the video was marketed across the United States, Europe, Asia and Australia. Other videos followed, some featuring the Clarks' two daughters, Aspen & Sierra, among other children. Also featuring toys by Ambi, Brio, Folkmanis, Dakin, Chimes, Battat, Tomy, Legends and Lore, among others.

Baby Einstein became a multi-million dollar franchise; its revenue grew from $1 million in 1998 to around $10 million in 2000. Aigner-Clark renamed the company to The Baby Einstein Company in January 1998, and sold a 20% stake in the company to Artisan Entertainment and Family Home Entertainment in February 2000 and sold the rest to The Walt Disney Company for an undisclosed amount in November 2001. The franchise is named after and pays significant royalties to the estate of deceased physicist Albert Einstein, putting him in the top 5 of most earning dead celebrities, according to Forbes.

At one point in 2009, the brand was estimated to be worth nearly 400 million dollars based on revenues. Julie was named Entrepreneur of the Year and won various awards for her products, which are the number one selling brand (1 in three households with babies in the US own at least one Baby Einstein product) of videos for very young children. Julie has appeared in many media outlets, including Oprah, GMA, The Today Show and USA Today. On January 23, 2007 The Baby Einstein Company was mentioned in the State of the Union address by President George W. Bush. Aigner-Clark, along with other notable U.S. citizens, was invited to sit in the gallery during the speech, and was recognized by Bush during his presentation to the nation.

As a subsidiary of Disney, the production budgets were increased and the concept was expanded to include a wide range of themes. A line of educational toys were also developed. In 2005, the franchise inspired a Disney Junior animated television series called Little Einsteins.

The official Baby Einstein website is available in English and en Español, with specific content for more than 30 different countries.

Current Status

The final Baby Einstein video was released on September 29, 2009 and was titled as World Animal Adventure, with Little Einsteins ending that same year on December 22, 2009. As a not-so-popular series anymore, Baby Einstein videos are no longer on sale at a few commuity stores, but they are still popular and on sale on few shopping websites. Other Baby Einstein products on currently on sale at few stores.

Julie Aigner-Clark no longer owns or operates the company she founded. She has since been involved in several start ups, including The Safe Side and Baby Bytes. She is a notable speaker and has a web site that can be found at http://www.mommymade.com.

Complaint to FTC

In May 2006, the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC) filed a complaint with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against the Baby Einstein Company and the Brainy Baby Company, a producer of similar videos; the following month the CCFC amended the complaint to include another producer, BabyFirstTV. The CCFC alleged false advertising by these companies, citing the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that children under two should be discouraged from watching television at all, and a study showing that only six percent of parents are aware of that recommendation, while 49 percent of parents think educational videos like these are very important in the intellectual development of children.

In December 2007, the FTC closed the complaint, determining not to recommend any enforcement action against the company. In so doing, the FTC noted that certain of the claims that were the subject of the CCFC’s complaint did not raise issues under the FTC’s substantiation rules. Other factors considered by the FTC in making its determination included the redesign of the Baby Einstein website, which removed certain product testimonials and product descriptions, as well as the company's representations that it would take steps to ensure that any advertising claims with respect to educational and developmental value would be properly substantiated. However, the websites of Baby Einstein in languages other than English are not all modified in the same way. For example, its official Chinese website still contains the product effect statement as "For example, the Baby Van Gogh released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."

As with all of its products, Disney offers refunds to any customers who are unhappy with the quality of its merchandise.

Controversy over effects on language development

In 1993, a study was published which showed listening to Mozart produced an increase in spatial reasoning skills for approximately ten minutes in college students, a phenomenon dubbed The Mozart Effect. The authors of the paper later complained that their research had been misunderstood in popular culture to imply a permanent increase in general intelligence.

In August 2007, the Journal of Pediatrics published a preprint version of the results of a study by researchers at the University of Washington on the effects of television and DVD/video viewing on language development in children under two years of age. The study, the second conducted by the same researchers as part of a larger project, was a correlational study based on telephone interviews with parents of children aged 2 to 24 months. The parents were asked about time spent interacting with adults, how much time was spent watching television and DVDs/videos, and what kind of media the children watched.

The study's authors, Drs. Frederick Zimmerman, Dimitri Christakis, and Andrew Meltzoff, concluded that, among infants aged 8 to 16 months, exposure to "baby DVDs/videos" — such as Baby Einstein and Brainy Baby — was strongly associated with lower scores on a Communicative Development Inventory - a standard language development test. This result was specific to baby-oriented educational videos and did not hold for other types of media, and was not related to shared parental viewing. Among toddlers aged 17 to 24 months, the study found no significant effects, either negative or positive, for any of the forms of media that were viewed. Daily reading and storytelling, however, were found to be associated with somewhat higher language scores, especially for toddlers. Listening to music, on the other hand, had no significant effect.

The University of Washington press release announcing the study explained that for each hour-per-day spent watching baby DVDs/videos, infants understood on average six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them, and recommended that parents limit their use. "There is no clear evidence of a benefit coming from baby DVDs and videos and there is some suggestion of harm," said lead author Frederick Zimmerman. "We don't know for sure that baby DVDs and videos are harmful, but the best policy is safety first. Parents should limit their exposure as much as possible." In his study, Zimmerman states that the association between television-watching was only observed in the younger children, and that this could disappear by the time the children become toddlers.

Christakis, a pediatrician, said that he is "frequently asked by parents what the value of these products is," and stated, "The evidence is mounting that they are of no value and may in fact be harmful. Given what we now know, I believe the onus is on the manufacturers to prove their claims that watching these programs can positively impact children's cognitive development."

In response to the negative media reports generated by the study and the press release, the Baby Einstein Company issued the following statement:

Baby Einstein is committed to maintaining the highest standards in the development of all of our products. After thoroughly analyzing the University of Washington study, we have serious concerns about the many contradictions between the study's conclusions and the content of its press release that created publicity which incorrectly suggests that this study focused on Baby Einstein products. In fact, the report concludes by stating “The analysis presented here is not a direct test of the developmental impact of viewing baby DVDs/videos. We did not test through experimental manipulation whether viewing baby DVDs/videos has a positive or negative impact on vocabulary acquisition.”

On August 13, 2007, Robert Iger, president and CEO of the Walt Disney Company, the owner of Baby Einstein, demanded that the University of Washington retract the press release, asserting that the study itself doesn’t support the claims made by the University’s public relations department. On August 16, University of Washington President Mark A. Emmert rejected Disney's complaints, saying that the university stands behind the research and that the press release accurately reflected the paper's conclusions and the scientists' commentary.

In March 2008, The Journal of Pediatrics released a study by the researchers at the Center on Media and Child Health at Children’s Hospital in Boston, and Harvard University, showing that television viewing is, “neither beneficial nor deleterious to child cognitive and language abilities” for children under 2, although the study looked at all types of television, not specifically baby DVDs.

On September 4, 2009, the Walt Disney Company announced that it would offer a refund for all Baby Einstein DVDs/videos purchased between June 5, 2004 and September 4, 2009, extending a refund policy already in place. The Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, which had been pushing for a recall of the videos, sees the refund offer as "an acknowledgement by the leading baby video company that baby videos are not educational".

In January 2010, William and Julie Clark asked a judge to order the University of Washington to release records from the 2007 effects of television viewing study, citing, “Given that other research studies have not shown the same outcomes, we would like the raw data and analytical methods from the Washington studies so we can audit their methodology, and perhaps duplicate the studies, to see if the outcomes are the same."

Soon after, The University of Washington settled with the Clarks, paying out nearly $200,000 in back legal fees.

In 2013 the original University of Washington dataset was reanalyzed by independent scholars. The scholars concluded that, depending upon how the statistics were manipulated, the dataset could have been used to suggest that baby videos increased, decreased or had no effect on language development. The reanalysis concluded that it was safest to suggest that baby videos had minimal impact on language development and that linking baby videos to decreased language development was not well supported by the data.

Baby Einstein Videos

  • Baby Einstein (Sun Aug 06)
  • Baby Mozart (Mon Aug 07)
  • Baby Beach (Tue. Aug 08)
  • Baby Shakespeare (Wed. Aug 09)
  • Baby Van Golf (Thu. Aug 10)
  • Baby Santa's (Fri. Aug 11)
  • Baby Dolittle (Sat. Aug 12)
  • Baby Dolittle (Sun. Aug 13)
  • Baby Einstein (Mon. Aug 14)
  • Baby Beethoven (Tue. Aug 15)
  • Baby Nature (Wed. Aug 16)
  • Baby Galileo (Thu. Aug 17)
  • Numbers Nursery (Fri. Aug 18)
  • Baby McDonald's (Sat. Aug 19)
  • Baby Aquarium (Sun. Aug 20)
  • Baby Nova (Mon. Aug 21)
  • Baby Monet (Tue. Aug 22)
  • Baby Wordsworth (Wed. Aug 23)
  • On the Farm (Thu. Aug 24)
  • Meet the Orchestra (Fri. Aug 25)
  • Baby's Favorite Places (Sat. Aug 26)
  • Baby's First Moves (Sun. Aug 27)
  • Discovering Shapes (Mon. Aug 28)
  • My First Signs (Tue. Aug 29)
  • Lullaby Time (Wed. Aug 30)
  • Baby's First Sounds (Thu. Aug 31)
  • World Music (Fri. Sep 1)
  • World Animal Adventure (Sat. Sep 2)

See also

Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)

Divertimento K136, 1st Movement (Mozart) Symphony #7, 3rd Movement (Beethoven)

BINGO (Traditional)

Divertimento K213, 3rd Movement (Mozart) Symphony #1, 1st Movement (Bizet)

Messiah: Hallelujah Chorus Variation (Handel) Piano Sonata K330, 3rd Movement (Mozart) la Toupie From Jeux D' Enfants (Bizet) Figaro Polka (Strauss)

Orchestral Suite #3 Gigue (Bach)

Symphony #6, 1st Movement (Beethoven)

References

  1. http://babyeinstein.com/home/
  2. http://www.babyeinstein.com/en/our_story/history/
  3. Eric Hubler (1999-03-12). "Baby videos spell big money Mom turns 'Einstein' into million- dollar enterprise". Denver Post.
  4. Daisy Whitney (2001-05-30). "Nurturing a 'Baby' boom Littleton woman's line of videos, CDs a hit with children". Denver Post.
  5. "Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company". Business Wire. 2000-02-10.
  6. (Reuters) (2006-10-25). "Cobain is the new Elvis (Most earning dead celebrities)". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-13. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Baby Einstein & Brainy Baby FTC Complaint, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood website, retrieved Dec. 15, 2008
  8. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Public Education (February 2001). "Children, Adolescents, and Television (policy statement)". Pediatrics. 107 (2): 423–426. doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.423. PMID 11158483.
  9. Josh Golin (January 2007). "Putting the Book Back in Book Fair". Mothering (magazine). Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  10. Michelle M. Garrison and Dimitri A. Christakis. "New Report on Educational Media for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers". Kaiser Family Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Federal Trade Commission Closing Letter to counsel for the Baby Einstein Company, December 5, 2007, retrieved July 9, 2008
  12. "产品介绍 ("Product Introduction")". Retrieved 2008-08-22. ("例如我们已经发行的《小小梵高－色彩的世界》影片DVD，就能启发宝宝们对颜色的兴趣和认识。" ("For example, the Baby Van Gogh released by us can initiate your baby's interest and recognition of colors."))
  13. "CCFC Victory: Disney Offers Refunds on Baby Einstein Videos". Retrieved 2009-10-23.
  14. "The Baby Einstein DVD Upgrade / Moneyback Guarantee". Retrieved 2009-10-23.
  15. F. J. Zimmerman, D.A. Christakis, and A.N. Meltzoff (online 2007-08-07). "Associations between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children under Age 2 Years" (PDF). Journal of Pediatrics. 151 (4): 364. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071. PMID 17889070. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Joel Schwartz (2007-08-07). "Baby DVDs, videos may hinder, not help, infants' language development". University of Washington (press release).
  17. Theresa Marchetta (2007-08-08). "Study Targets Infant Videos Finds Too Much TV, Too Few Words". TheDenverChannel.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. Robert A. Iger (2007-08-13). "The Walt Disney Company demands retraction from the University of Washington for misleading press release" (PDF). Baby Einstein press release.
  19. Meg Marco (2007-08-13). "Walt Disney Demands Retraction From University of Washington Over Baby Einstein Video Press Release". Consumerist.com. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  20. "UW President rejects Disney complaints". University of Washington press release. 2007-08-16.
  21. "TV's Not the Big Bad Wolf". The Washington Post.
  22. ^ Lewin, Tamar (27 October 2009). "No Einstein in Your Crib? Get a Refund". The New York Times. Cite error: The named reference "Refund" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  23. C. J. Ferguson, and M. B Donnellan (2013). "Is the association between children's baby video viewing and poor language development robust? A reanalysis of Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007)" (PDF). DeveopmentalPsychology. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

External links

Additional reading

Disney Consumer Products
Disney Publishing Worldwide
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