| Revision as of 14:55, 8 March 2018 editPohranicniStraze (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers105,198 editsm Reverted edits by 190.143.210.170 (talk) to last version by Tom.RedingTag: Rollback← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:42, 23 April 2018 edit undo168.234.16.82 (talk) ←Replaced content with 'and he is weird }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q648490}} Category:Eagles Category:Haliaeetus Category:Endemic birds of Madagascar Category:Birds of pre...'Tags: Replaced blankingNext edit → | ||
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| {{speciesbox | |||
| | name = Madagascan fish eagle | |||
| | status = CR | |||
| | status_system = IUCN3.1 | |||
| | status_ref = {{sfn|IUCN redlist}} | |||
| | image = Madagascar Fish Eagle, Lake Ravelobe, Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar.jpg | |||
| | image_caption = Two at Lake Ravelobe, ] | |||
| | genus = Haliaeetus | |||
| | species = vociferoides | |||
| | authority = ], 1845 | |||
| | range_map = Madagascar Fish Eagle.png | |||
| | range_map_caption = Range | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Madagascan fish eagle''' (''Haliaeetus vociferoides'' <ref>''']''': ''Haliaeetus'', ] for "sea eagle". ''vociferoides'', from ] ''vocifer'', the ] of the African fish eagle + ''-oides'', "likeness of". This is in allusion to the conspicuous yelping calls which, when sitting, are given with the head fully thrown to the back, a peculiarity found among sea eagles only in this and the African species.</ref>) or '''Madagascar sea-eagle''' (to distinguish it from the ''Ichthyophaga'' fishing-eagles) is a large ] in the family ] which also includes many other diurnal ]s such as ]s, ]s and ]s. It is ] to the coastal strip in the northwest of Madagascar. It is about {{convert|63|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long and has a pale brown head, dark brown body and white tail. The Madagascan fish eagle has been suffering from a declining population and is threatened by habitat destruction and persecution, and the ] has rated its conservation status as being "]". | |||
| ==Description== | |||
| The Madagascan fish eagle is a medium-sized ], {{convert|60|–|66|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} long and with a wingspan of {{convert|165|–|180|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}.<ref>Raptors of the World by Ferguson–Lees, Christies, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001), {{ISBN|0-618-12762-3}}</ref> The body and wings are dark brown, with a pale brown head and a white tail; the bill is blackish with a paler base, and the legs are pale grey.{{sfn|del Hoyo|Elliott|Sargatal|1994|p=}}{{page needed|date=May 2011}} Males weigh {{convert|2.2|-|2.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, while the slightly larger females weigh {{convert|2.8|-|3.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/birds/Haliaeetus_vociferoides/more_info.html?section=factsAndStatus | title = Madagascan Fish Eagle - Haliaeetus vociferoides | publisher = ARKive | date = | accessdate = 2010-03-22}}</ref> | |||
| Its closest relative is the ], ''Haliaeetus vocifer''. Together, they form a distinct ] lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other ''Haliaeetus'' species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascan fish eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.{{sfn|del Hoyo|Elliott|Sargatal|1994|p=}}{{page needed|date=May 2011}} | |||
| == Distribution == | |||
| This ] is endemic to ], where it survives in low numbers along the northwest coast north of ]. The range of this eagle is within the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/data/species_sheets/fisheagl.htm |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080510211751/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/data/species_sheets/fisheagl.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2008-05-10 |title=United Nations Environment Programme: Madagascar Fish Eagle |publisher=unep-wcmc.org |date=2007-05-22 |accessdate=2010-03-22 |df= }}</ref> The principal locus of population according to the United Nations Environmental Programme is in the ] region; 20 to 25 breeding pairs were there as of the 1980s. A more recent survey by Garbutt and Hogan report a smaller concentration of at least three breeding pairs in the ] along the ], where several streams discharge north of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html |author1=Nick Garbutt |author2=C. Michael Hogan |author3=Hilton Hastings |author4=Wendy Pollecutt |author5=Tahiana Andriaharimalala |title=Anjajavy, the village and the forest |publisher=Lumina Technologies |work=LuminaTechnologies.org |date=2006-05-12 |accessdate=2010-03-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528121347/http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html |archivedate=2010-05-28 |df= }}</ref> | |||
| ==Status== | |||
| Total population estimates from the United Nations and from Grambo <ref>Rebecca L. Grambo, "Eagles" (1.000.000.00bc) Published by Voyageur Press, Inc.</ref> place the world population of this species at about 40 breeding pairs; according to Grambo this bird may be one of the rarest birds on Earth. Other surveys between 1991 and 1995 recorded at least 222 adults from 105 sites, with an estimated 98 breeding pairs. | |||
| The main threats to its breeding habitat are ], ] and the development of wetland areas for ]. It is also in direct competition with humans for fish stocks. Because of its decline in numbers and the threats it faces, the ] has assessed the bird's conservation status as being "]". | |||
| ==Gallery== | |||
| <gallery widths="200px" heights="125px" > | |||
| Image:Madagascarfisheagle.jpg|At Tsimbazaza Zoo, ] | |||
| Image:Madagascar fish-eagle haliaeetus vociferoides.jpg|''Haliaeetus vociferoides'' in the ] | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == Footnotes == | |||
| {{Reflist | |||
| | refs = | |||
| }} | |||
| ; References | |||
| * {{IUCN|id=106003362 |title=''Haliaeetus vociferoides'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=18 November 2013 | |||
| | ref = {{harvid|IUCN redlist}} | |||
| }} | |||
| * {{cite web | |||
| | title = Madagascar Fish Eagle (''Haliaeetus vociferoides'') — BirdLife species factsheet | |||
| | publisher = ] | |||
| | work = BirdLife.org | |||
| | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3362 | |||
| | accessdate = 2011-05-31 | |||
| }} | |||
| ; Cited works | |||
| * {{cite book | |||
| | editor-last = del Hoyo | |||
| | editor-first = J. | |||
| | editor2-last = Elliott | |||
| | editor2-first = A. | |||
| | editor3-last = Sargatal | |||
| | editor3-first = J. | |||
| | year = 1994 | |||
| | title = ] | |||
| | volume = 2 | |||
| | publisher = Lynx Edicions | |||
| | location = Barcelona | |||
| | isbn = 84-87334-15-6 | |||
| | ref = harv | |||
| }} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:42, 23 April 2018
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