| Revision as of 03:45, 24 October 2006 edit71.72.120.20 (talk) more grammar problems (more of the same)← Previous edit | Revision as of 03:48, 24 October 2006 edit undo71.72.120.20 (talk) spend -> spentNext edit → | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| '''Robotnik''' (''The Worker'') was the ] (underground) ] published by ] (PPS). | '''Robotnik''' (''The Worker'') was the ] (underground) ] published by ] (PPS). | ||
| It was first published on 12 July 1894 in ] by the Lithuanian branch of PPS led by future ] of ], ]<ref name="Urban">], ''Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg'' (Józef Piłsudski: A dreamer and a strategist), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 8370019145, p.91-99</ref>. Among its other ]s was ], future ].<ref name="SW">. Short biography. Last accessed on 16 October 2006.</ref> In order to throw the ] ] and regular ] off track, the newspaper was first distributed in ]<ref name="Urban"/>. Piłdsudski would become one of the chief editors and writers for the newspaper, often he |
It was first published on 12 July 1894 in ] by the Lithuanian branch of PPS led by future ] of ], ]<ref name="Urban">], ''Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg'' (Józef Piłsudski: A dreamer and a strategist), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 8370019145, p.91-99</ref>. Among its other ]s was ], future ].<ref name="SW">. Short biography. Last accessed on 16 October 2006.</ref> In order to throw the ] ] and regular ] off track, the newspaper was first distributed in ]<ref name="Urban"/>. Piłdsudski would become one of the chief editors and writers for the newspaper, often he spent most of the day at the printing press<ref name="Urban"/>. Its first issue was printed in 1200 numbers, it was distributed in most major cities and towns in Poland<ref name="Urban"/>. In 1900 the police managed to find the ], Józef Piłsudski, along with several other members of PPS (including his wife, ]) were arrested and sentenced to imprisonment (Piłsudski would soon escape feigning ]).<ref name="Urban"/> | ||
| In the following years Robotnik would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 'Robotnik' was legalized, first legal issue was printed in ]. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the ]. Among its editors were ] (d.1927) and ] (1927-1939). Its notable contributors included ], ], ], ] and ], and it's ] reached 10-20,000 issues. After the ] of Piłsudski, who after the ] distanced himself from PPS, 'Robotnik' took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated). The last issue was released on 23 September 1939, in the fourth week of ]. Among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of ].<ref name="as">], ''Why Didn't the Press Shout?'', KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0881257753, </ref> | In the following years Robotnik would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 'Robotnik' was legalized, first legal issue was printed in ]. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the ]. Among its editors were ] (d.1927) and ] (1927-1939). Its notable contributors included ], ], ], ] and ], and it's ] reached 10-20,000 issues. After the ] of Piłsudski, who after the ] distanced himself from PPS, 'Robotnik' took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated). The last issue was released on 23 September 1939, in the fourth week of ]. Among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of ].<ref name="as">], ''Why Didn't the Press Shout?'', KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0881257753, </ref> | ||
Revision as of 03:48, 24 October 2006
- This article is about a newspaper of Polish Socialist Party. For other newspapers of this name, and other meaning of this word, see Robotnik.
 | |
| Type | varied, later daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1894 |
| Political alignment | socialistic |
| Language | Polish language |
| Ceased publication | 1939 |
Robotnik (The Worker) was the bibuła (underground) newspaper published by Polish Socialist Party (PPS).
It was first published on 12 July 1894 in Wilno by the Lithuanian branch of PPS led by future dictator of Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski. Among its other editors was Stanisław Wojciechowski, future president of Poland. In order to throw the ochrana secret police and regular Russian police off track, the newspaper was first distributed in Warsaw. Piłdsudski would become one of the chief editors and writers for the newspaper, often he spent most of the day at the printing press. Its first issue was printed in 1200 numbers, it was distributed in most major cities and towns in Poland. In 1900 the police managed to find the printing press, Józef Piłsudski, along with several other members of PPS (including his wife, Maria Piłsudska) were arrested and sentenced to imprisonment (Piłsudski would soon escape feigning mental illness).
In the following years Robotnik would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 'Robotnik' was legalized, first legal issue was printed in Dąbrowa Górnicza. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the Second Polish Republic. Among its editors were Feliks Perl (d.1927) and Mieczysław Niedziałkowski (1927-1939). Its notable contributors included Zygmunt Zaremba, Stanisław Posner, Karol Irzykowski, Cezary Jellenta and Jan Nepomucen Miller, and it's circulation reached 10-20,000 issues. After the May Coup of Piłsudski, who after the First World War distanced himself from PPS, 'Robotnik' took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated). The last issue was released on 23 September 1939, in the fourth week of Polish September Campaign. Among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of anti-semitism.
After the war several newspapers of that name were printed in Poland and abroad; among the most notable was another underground paper published by Solidarity movement from 1983-1990.
References
- ^ Bohdan Urbankowski, Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg (Józef Piłsudski: A dreamer and a strategist), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 8370019145, p.91-99
- Stanisław Wojciechowski. Short biography. Last accessed on 16 October 2006.
- Robert Moses Shapiro, Why Didn't the Press Shout?, KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0881257753, Google Print, p.415
- Jan Kubik, The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power, Penn State Press, 1994, ISBN 0271010843, Google Print, p.160, p.161
External links
- Template:Pl icon Tajne Drukarnie (Secret Printing Presses) - in 'Bibuła', another underground newspaper, Piłsudski described in 1903 the origins of 'Robotnik'