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] are an ethnic minority in the ] (also known as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia or FYROM, the official name according to the United Nations). Bulgarians are mostly found in the ] area,<ref>, Dejan Djokić, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, {{ISBN|1-85065-663-0}}, p. 122.</ref> but over the years, the absolute majority of persons in the southwestern Republic of Macedonia have now declared themselves ]. The town of ] and its surrounding area (including ]) were part of Bulgaria between the ] and the end of ], as well as during ]. The total number of Bulgarians counted in the 2002 Census was 1,417 or roughly 0.07%. Over 70,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship since 2001, or roughly 3.5%.<ref>Весник Сега, Брой 6057 (291) 14 Декември 2017, 71 524 македонци имат български паспорти.</ref> ] are an ethnic minority in the ]. Bulgarians are mostly found in the ] area,<ref>, Dejan Djokić, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, {{ISBN|1-85065-663-0}}, p. 122.</ref> but over the years, the absolute majority of southwestern Republic of Macedonia have declared themselves ]. The town of ] and its surrounding area (including ]) were part of Bulgaria between the ] and the end of ], as well as during ]. The total number of Bulgarians counted in the 2002 Census was 1,417 or roughly 0.07%. Over 70,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship since 2001, or roughly 3.5%.<ref>Весник Сега, Брой 6057 (291) 14 Декември 2017, 71 524 македонци имат български паспорти.</ref>


==History== ==History==
===Middle ages and Ottoman rule=== ===Middle ages and Ottoman rule===
However, throughout the Middle Ages and up until the early 20th century the Slavic speaking majority in the Region of Macedonia was more commonly referred to (both, by themselves and outsiders) as Bulgarians.<ref>"The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century," John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0472081497}}, pp. 36-37.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/im3/im_6_1.htm|title=Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија, Иван Микулчиќ, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите – Скопје, 1996, стр. 72.|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/da/da_summary.htm|title=Formation of the Bulgarian nation (summary) |author=Academician Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov |publisher=Sofia-Press |year=1978 |pages=413–415 |accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref> Throughout the Middle Ages and up until the early 20th century the Slavic speaking majority in the Region of Macedonia was more commonly referred to (both, by themselves and outsiders) as Bulgarians.<ref>"The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century," John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0472081497}}, pp. 36-37.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/im3/im_6_1.htm|title=Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија, Иван Микулчиќ, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите – Скопје, 1996, стр. 72.|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/da/da_summary.htm|title=Formation of the Bulgarian nation (summary) |author=Academician Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov |publisher=Sofia-Press |year=1978 |pages=413–415 |accessdate=18 March 2015}}</ref>


===Yugoslavia=== ===Yugoslavia===
Until the ] in the early twentieth century the majority of the Slav population of all three parts of the wider ] had Bulgarian identity.<ref name="Helsinki"></ref> In 1913, the region of present-day Republic of Macedonia became a part of the ], thus becoming ''Southern Serbia''. During ], when most regions of Macedonia were annexed by Bulgaria, a pro-Bulgarian ideology existed among the Slavic majority.<ref>, Christopher Montague Woodhouse, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, {{ISBN|1-85065-492-1}}, p. 67.</ref><ref>, Hugh Poulton, Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, {{ISBN|978-1-85065-238-0}}, p. 101.</ref> However, harsh treatment by occupying Bulgarian troops reduced significantly the pro-Bulgarian orientation of the Macedonian Slavs.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = Stuart J. | title = Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war | year = 2001 | publisher=Cornell University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-8014-8736-6 | pages = 193|quote= While ''Bulgarian'' was most common affiliation then, mistreatment by occupying Bulgarian troops during WWII cured most Macedonians from their pro-Bulgarian sympathies, leaving them embracing the new Macedonian identity promoted by the Tito regime after the war.}}</ref> After the end of World War II, the creation of the ] and the codification of a new ], a process of ] started and a distinct national Macedonian ] was inaugurated into an established system. The new ] authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence, making Macedonia a connecting link for the establishment of new ] and creating a distinct ] consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.<ref>. Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook. {{ISBN|0-8153-4058-3}}, pg. 808.</ref> The authorities took also repressive measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feelings among parts of the population, such as the ].<ref name="Djokic">{{cite book Until the ] the majority of the Slav population of all three parts of the wider ] had Bulgarian identity.<ref name="Helsinki"></ref> In 1913, the region of present-day Republic of Macedonia became a part of the ], thus becoming ''Southern Serbia''. During ], when most regions of Macedonia were annexed by Bulgaria, a pro-Bulgarian ideology existed among the Slavic majority.<ref>, Christopher Montague Woodhouse, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, {{ISBN|1-85065-492-1}}, p. 67.</ref><ref>, Hugh Poulton, Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, {{ISBN|978-1-85065-238-0}}, p. 101.</ref> However, harsh treatment by occupying Bulgarian troops reduced significantly the pro-Bulgarian orientation of the Macedonian Slavs.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = Stuart J. | title = Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war | year = 2001 | publisher=Cornell University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-8014-8736-6 | pages = 193|quote= While ''Bulgarian'' was most common affiliation then, mistreatment by occupying Bulgarian troops during WWII cured most Macedonians from their pro-Bulgarian sympathies, leaving them embracing the new Macedonian identity promoted by the Tito regime after the war.}}</ref> After the end of World War II, the creation of ] and the codification of a new ], a process of ] started and a distinct national Macedonian ] was inaugurated into an established system. The new ] authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence, making Macedonia a connecting link for the establishment of new ] and creating a distinct ] consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.<ref>. Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook. {{ISBN|0-8153-4058-3}}, pg. 808.</ref> The authorities took also repressive measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feelings among parts of the population, such as the ].<ref name="Djokic">{{cite book
| last =Djokić | last =Djokić
| first =Dejan | first =Dejan
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By the time the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few.<ref name="Djokic" /> Some 3,000 - 4,000 people that stuck to their Bulgarian identity (most of them living in Strumica and the surroundings) met great hostility among the authorities and the rest of the population. With the fall of Communism this hostility has decreased, but still remains.<ref name="Djokic" /> Occasional trials against '']'' have continued until today.<ref></ref><ref></ref> By the time the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few.<ref name="Djokic" /> Some 3,000 - 4,000 people that stuck to their Bulgarian identity (most of them living in Strumica and the surroundings) met great hostility among the authorities and the rest of the population. With the fall of Communism this hostility has decreased, but still remains.<ref name="Djokic" /> Occasional trials against '']'' have continued until today.<ref></ref><ref></ref>


In the period 2002-2016 some 70,000 citizens of the Republic of Macedonia have acquired Bulgarian citizenship (which represents more than 5% of the self-declared ethnic Macedonians in the country in the 2002 population census); almost all of them acquired this by descent and always in the 1st place by acquired citizenship per country. In the period 2002-2016 some 70,000 citizens of Republic of Macedonia have acquired Bulgarian citizenship (which represents more than 5% of the self-declared ethnic Macedonians in the country in the 2002 population census), almost all of them acquired by descent and always on 1st position by acquired citizenship per country.
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==Politics== ==Politics==
Bulgarians and Bulgarophiles in the Republic of Macedonia do not have their own political parties, but still have political activity. Many politicians revealed their bulgarophile feelings after leaving the political stage as ] and ].<ref></ref> During the last few years, rising economic prosperity and the ] membership of Bulgaria has seen around 60,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian ];<ref></ref> and in order to obtain it they must provide evidence of their Bulgarian origin and sign a statement declaring they are ''Bulgarians by origin''. About 50,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship in the past 10 years.<ref></ref><ref></ref> Bulgarians and Bulgarophiles in the Republic of Macedonia do not have their own political parties, but still have political activity. Many politicians revealed their bulgarophilness after leaving the political stage as ] and ].<ref></ref> During the last few years, rising economic prosperity and the ] membership of Bulgaria has seen around 60,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian ];<ref></ref> in order to obtain it they must provide evidence of their Bulgarian origin and sign a statement declaring they are ''Bulgarians by origin''. About 50,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship in the past 10 years.<ref></ref><ref></ref>


=== Association Radko === === Association Radko ===
Association Radko is an illegal ] political organisation in the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the ] of the Republic of Macedonia banned the organization ] as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207191544/http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm |date=7 February 2009 }}</ref> The association is named after the conspiracy ] of ], leader of the ] during the ]. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a ] and a Bulgarian ]. In 2009 the ] in ], condemned the ] because of violations of the ] in this case.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305045748/http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf |date=5 March 2009 }}</ref> Association Radko is an illegal ] political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the ] of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization ] as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207191544/http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm |date=7 February 2009 }}</ref> The association is named after the conspiration ] of ], leader of ] during the ]. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a ] and a Bulgarian ]. In 2009 the ] in ], condemned ] because of violations of the ] in this case.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305045748/http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf |date=5 March 2009 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 02:44, 10 May 2018

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Ethnic group
Bulgarians in the Republic
of Macedonia
Total population
1,417 (census 2001)
69,169 Bulgarian citizens (2002-2016)
Regions with significant populations
Strumica and surrounding region
Languages
Bulgarian and Macedonian
Religion
Macedonian Orthodox Church
Related ethnic groups
Macedonians

Bulgarians are an ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarians are mostly found in the Strumica area, but over the years, the absolute majority of southwestern Republic of Macedonia have declared themselves Macedonian. The town of Strumica and its surrounding area (including Novo Selo) were part of Bulgaria between the Balkan wars and the end of World War I, as well as during World War II. The total number of Bulgarians counted in the 2002 Census was 1,417 or roughly 0.07%. Over 70,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship since 2001, or roughly 3.5%.

History

Middle ages and Ottoman rule

Throughout the Middle Ages and up until the early 20th century the Slavic speaking majority in the Region of Macedonia was more commonly referred to (both, by themselves and outsiders) as Bulgarians.

Yugoslavia

Until the Balkan wars the majority of the Slav population of all three parts of the wider region of Macedonia had Bulgarian identity. In 1913, the region of present-day Republic of Macedonia became a part of the Kingdom of Serbia, thus becoming Southern Serbia. During World War II, when most regions of Macedonia were annexed by Bulgaria, a pro-Bulgarian ideology existed among the Slavic majority. However, harsh treatment by occupying Bulgarian troops reduced significantly the pro-Bulgarian orientation of the Macedonian Slavs. After the end of World War II, the creation of People's Republic of Macedonia and the codification of a new Macedonian language, a process of ethnogenesis started and a distinct national Macedonian identity was inaugurated into an established system. The new Yugoslav authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence, making Macedonia a connecting link for the establishment of new Balkan Communist Federation and creating a distinct Slavic consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia. The authorities took also repressive measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feelings among parts of the population, such as the Bloody Christmas in 1945. In Macedonia the Bulgarophobia increased almost to the level of state ideology, and the communists were successful in removing all Bulgarian influence in the region.

Part of a series on
Bulgarians
Българи
Coat of arms of Bulgaria
Culture
By country
Subgroups
Religion
Language
Other

The fall of Communism to present-day

By the time the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few. Some 3,000 - 4,000 people that stuck to their Bulgarian identity (most of them living in Strumica and the surroundings) met great hostility among the authorities and the rest of the population. With the fall of Communism this hostility has decreased, but still remains. Occasional trials against Bulgarophiles have continued until today.

In the period 2002-2016 some 70,000 citizens of Republic of Macedonia have acquired Bulgarian citizenship (which represents more than 5% of the self-declared ethnic Macedonians in the country in the 2002 population census), almost all of them acquired by descent and always on 1st position by acquired citizenship per country.

Year Period Acquired citizenships Position
2002-2012 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 44211 1
2012 23.01.2012-22.01.2013 8185 1
2013 23.01.2013-22.01.2014 4388 1
2014 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 1874 1
2015 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 4315 1
2016 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 6196 1
Cumulative 22.01.2002-31.12.2016 69169 1

Politics

Bulgarians and Bulgarophiles in the Republic of Macedonia do not have their own political parties, but still have political activity. Many politicians revealed their bulgarophilness after leaving the political stage as Ljubčo Georgievski and Antonio Milošoski. During the last few years, rising economic prosperity and the EU membership of Bulgaria has seen around 60,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian citizenship; in order to obtain it they must provide evidence of their Bulgarian origin and sign a statement declaring they are Bulgarians by origin. About 50,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship in the past 10 years.

Association Radko

Association Radko is an illegal Bulgarian political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the Constitutional Court of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization Radko as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance". The association is named after the conspiration pseudonym of Ivan Mihailov, leader of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization during the interbellum. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a terrorist and a Bulgarian chauvinist. In 2009 the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, condemned Republic of Macedonia because of violations of the European Convention of Human Rights in this case.

See also

References

  1. Republic of Macedonia - State Statistical Office
  2. Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 year), p. 6
  3. Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918-1992, Dejan Djokić, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-85065-663-0, p. 122.
  4. Весник Сега, Брой 6057 (291) 14 Декември 2017, 71 524 македонци имат български паспорти.
  5. "The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century," John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0472081497, pp. 36-37.
  6. "Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија, Иван Микулчиќ, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите – Скопје, 1996, стр. 72". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  7. Academician Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov (1978). "Formation of the Bulgarian nation (summary)". Sofia-Press. pp. 413–415. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  8. Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) - Macedonians of Bulgaria
  9. The struggle for Greece, 1941-1949, Christopher Montague Woodhouse, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, ISBN 1-85065-492-1, p. 67.
  10. Who are the Macedonians?, Hugh Poulton, Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, ISBN 978-1-85065-238-0, p. 101.
  11. Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6. While Bulgarian was most common affiliation then, mistreatment by occupying Bulgarian troops during WWII cured most Macedonians from their pro-Bulgarian sympathies, leaving them embracing the new Macedonian identity promoted by the Tito regime after the war.
  12. Europe since 1945. Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook. ISBN 0-8153-4058-3, pg. 808.
  13. ^ Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 122. ISBN 1-85065-663-0.
  14. Phillips, John (2004). Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 1-86064-841-X.
  15. Mirjana Maleska. Editor-in-chief. WITH THE EYES OF THE "OTHERS". (about Macedonian-Bulgarian relations and the Macedonian national identity). New Balkan Politics - Journal of Politics. ISSUE 6 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 September 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. Violations of Human Rights of Macedonian citizens with a Bulgarian ethnic consciousness 1990-1997
  17. Court for waved Bulgarian flag in Macedonia.
  18. Предоставяне на българско гражданство, Справка за преиода 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 г. (Bulgarian citizenship Information for the period 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 year)
  19. Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за 2012-2013 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for 2012-2013 year), p. 7
  20. Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 23.01.2013 – 22.01.2014 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 23.01.2013–22.01.2014 year), p. 6
  21. Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 year), p. 5
  22. Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 year), p. 6
  23. Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 year), p. 6
  24. Утрински весник, 07.08.2009, Непотребно заострување на односите, Филип Петровски.
  25. Sofia Echo, Dec. 17, 2007. Almost 60 000 Macedonians were waiting for their Bulgarian citizenship.
  26. Bulgarian citizenship: the latest numbers
  27. Most people granted Bulgarian citizenship in 2012 come from Macedonia, 23 January 2013, FOCUS News Agency.
  28. РЕШЕНИЕ НА УСТАВНИОТ СУД НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Публикувано во СЛУЖБЕН ВЕСНИК НА РМ Бр. 27 од 10.04.2001г. Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  29. Judgment 15 January 2009, (Application no. 74651/01) Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Ethnic groups in North Macedonia
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Ethnic map of North Macedonia (2002)
Ethnic map of North Macedonia (2002)
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