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⚫ Claims of '''Media bias in South Asia''' attract constant attention. The question of bias in ] media is also of great interest to people living outside of South Asia. Some accusations of media bias are motivated by a disinterested desire for truth, some are politically motivated. Media bias occurs in television, newspapers, school books and other media.
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{{Original research|date=May 2011}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2011}}
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⚫ Claims of '''Media bias in South Asia''' attract constant attention. The question of bias in ] media is also of great interest to people living outside South Asia. Some accusations of media bias are motivated by a disinterested desire for truth, some are politically motivated. Media bias occurs in television, newspapers, school books and other media.


==India== ==India==


There have been claims that the history of the ] and its atrocities on India is being systematically whitewashed and censored in Indian school-books and in other media<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823033337/http://www.indiastar.com/wallia19.html |date=2010-08-23 }}, indiastar.com</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2018}} ] and other writers have criticized "biased Marxist influences" in the media, as well as corruption of the "leftist" school of historians throughout the years when they controlled the ICHR. These claims include the allegation that the history of the ] has been whitewashed and censored in Indian school-books and in other media.<ref> Bryant, E. E. (2014). Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Cary, USA: Oxford University Press, USA.</ref><ref> Shourie, A. (2014). Eminent historians: Their technology, their line, their fraud. HarperCollins</ref>


⚫ Reporters Without Borders condemned the media blackouts regularly imposed in Indian-administered Kashmir during times of unrest the report also stated that journalists were being harassed by local authorities. Furthermore the organization urged Indian government to stop using security and law and order as a pretext for the media blackout.<ref>https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-condemns-kashmir-media-blackout-indian-authorities</ref>{{Verify source}}
{{Misleading citations|date=September 2018}}

⚫ Reporters Without Borders condemned the media blackouts regularly imposed in Indian-administered Kashmir during times of unrest the report also stated that journalists were being harassed by local authorities. Furthermore the organization urged Indian government to stop using security and law and order as a pretext for the media blackout.<ref>https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-condemns-kashmir-media-blackout-indian-authorities</ref>


Many media stations in India provided vast coverage of the ] in 2002 in which a large number of Muslims were murdered but have often failed to report on the ] in Muslim-dominated ]. There are also denials of the fact that Indians in general and Hindus in particular are being ethnically cleansed in Kashmir. With regard to the ], some commentators have pointed out a disregard for factual reporting on the part of what they term "left-liberal" newspapers.<ref> Daily Pioneer - August 7, 2011</ref> Many media stations in India provided vast coverage of the ] in 2002 in which a large number of Muslims were murdered but have often failed to report on the ] in Muslim-dominated ]. There are also denials of the fact that Indians in general and Hindus in particular are being ethnically cleansed in Kashmir. With regard to the ], some commentators have pointed out a disregard for factual reporting on the part of what they term "left-liberal" newspapers.<ref> Daily Pioneer - August 7, 2011</ref>


During the ] there was an attempted blackout orchestrated by many prominent Indian TV channels and newspapers, however, the news gained prominence following sustained pressure on social networking sites Twitter<ref name="dnatwitter">{{cite news|title=#barkhagate: Protests in 140 characters leave no space for gray areas|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_barkhagate-protests-in-140-characters-leave-no-space-for-gray-areas_1471128|newspaper=]|date=24 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="mynews1">{{cite web|title=Twitter world abuzz over Radia-Barkha tapes|url=http://www.mynews.in/News/twitter_world_abuzz_over_radia_barkha_tapes_N111382.html|work=]|publisher=Mynews.in|accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref> and Facebook<ref>{{cite web|title=Barkhagate|url=http://www.facebook.com/pages/Barkhagate/133196416734121|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=dnaSampathblog /><ref name="hinduglasshouse">{{cite web|title=Those living in glass houses... |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/11/23/stories/2010112350760800.htm|work=] Business Line|accessdate=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="ciol1netizen">{{cite web|title=2G scam: Netizens bark at Barkha, Vir Sanghvi |url=http://www.ciol.com/News/News/News-Reports/2G-scam-Netizens-bark-at-Barkha-Vir-Sanghvi/143737/0/|work=CIOL|accessdate=23 November 2010|date=22 November 2010}}</ref> According to the '']'', "Twitter has played an important role in launching what has become an international conversation on the issue, with the Indian diaspora weighing in".<ref name="wpost1">{{cite news|title=Indian journalists accused of secretly helping politicians, businesses|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/22/AR2010112203831.html|work=]|accessdate=23 November 2010|author=Emily Wax|date=22 November 2010}}</ref> Initially, only a handful of the mainstream newspapers in India, like The '']'',<ref name="deccanherald">{{cite news|title=Anchored in mire : ''Journalists are only expected to be witnesses.''|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/114750/anchored-mire.html|accessdate=23 November 2010|newspaper=]|date=23 November 2010 }}</ref> ]<ref name=expressbuzzstir /> had openly written about the tapes. Some newspapers like ''HT Media'', ''Mint'' (the business newspaper also owned by HT media)<ref name="minteditor">{{cite web|title=Editor’s note: Why we are quiet on the Open magazine story|url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/11/18205335/Editor8217s-note-Why-we-ar.html?h=B|publisher=]|accessdate=23 November 2010|author=Sukumar Ranganathan|date=19 November 2010}}</ref> and ] said "the authenticity of these transcripts cannot be ascertained".<ref name=ciol1netizen /><ref name=ndtvreply /> ]'s ] discussed with a panel of experts, if the corporate lobbying is undermining democracy, on the "Face the Nation" programme on the channel.<ref name="cnnibnftn">{{cite news|title=FTN: Is corporate lobbying undermining democracy?|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/135633/face-the-nation-with-sagarika-ghose.html|accessdate=23 November 2010|newspaper=]|date=22 November 2010}}</ref> The Radia tapes is seen to have also made a dent in the image of the media in the country.<ref name=dnaSampathblog /><ref name= hinduglasshouse /><ref name="mailtodaydentmedia">{{cite news|title=Outrage as Nira Radia tapes dent image of 4th Estate|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/120570/India/outrage-as-nira-radia-tapes-dent-image-of-4th-estate.html|newspaper=]|date=20 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="wsjq&aindianjourno">{{cite news|title=Q&A: The State of Indian Journalism|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/11/23/qa-the-state-of-indian-journalism/|publisher=The Wall Street Journal | first=Tripti|last=Lahiri|date=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="hootblackout">{{cite web|title=Oh what a lovely blackout|url=http://thehoot.org/web/home/story.php?storyid=4959&mod=1&pg=1&sectionId=1&valid=true|publisher=The Hoot}}</ref><ref name="mailtodaypamperjournos">{{cite web|title=Companies love to pamper senior journalists|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/120673/India/companies-love-to-pamper-senior-journalists.html|work=Mail Today |publisher=]}}</ref> "The complete blackout of the Nira Radia tapes by the entire broadcast media and most of the major English newspapers paints a truer picture of corruption in the country," wrote G Sampath, the deputy editor of the '']'' (DNA) newspaper.<ref name="dnaSampathblog">{{cite web|title=When Radia killed the media star|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post.php?postid=318|work=]|accessdate=23 November 2010|author=G Sampath|date=20 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="huffpost1">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/betwa-sharma/indian-media-where-art-th_b_786404.html | title=Indian Media Where Art Thou on Media Scandal | work=] | date=20 November 2010 | accessdate=23 November 2010 | author=Betwa Sharma}}</ref> After it became an international news, more and more media houses covered the story. ] commented, "The 'Radia tapes' may have torn the veil off the nexus between information hungry journalists, lobbyists and industrialists, and opened everyone’s eyes to what has long been suspected&nbsp;— the ability of a small but powerful group to use their connections to influence policy."<ref>{{cite web|title=Billions for a few, few for the billions|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/360-degree/billions-few-few-billions-047|publisher=]|author=Neena Gopal|date=21 November 2010 }}</ref> The ] English newspaper in India and the world, '']'' finally opened up on 25 November 2010, commenting "The people are showing who the boss is. The weapon in their hands is the internet, ... has seen frantic activism against "power brokering" by journalists in collusion with corporate groups and top government politicians..."<ref name="toinetizen">{{cite news|title=2G scam sideshow: Netizens lambast high-profile journalists|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-25/india/28254163_1_niira-radia-conversations-with-corporate-lobbyist-tapes|newspaper=]|date=25 November 2010}}</ref> '']'' and '']'' reported that journalists ] (editor of ]) and ] (editorial director of the '']'') knew that corporate lobbyist ] influenced Raja's appointment as telecom minister,<ref name="whatexactly">{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/12/01/wait-a-minute-what-exactly-is-barkha-dutt-accused-of/ |title=Wait a Minute, What Exactly Is Barkha Dutt Accused of? |first=Amol|last=Sharma |date=1 December 2010 |work=IndiaRealTime |publisher=Wall Street Journal |accessdate = 4 December 2010}}</ref> publicising Radia's phone conversations with Dutt and Sanghvi<ref>{{cite news|title=Barkha Dutt : 'What Do You Want Me To Tell Them (The Congress)? Tell Me. I'll talk To Them.'|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?268083|newspaper=Outlook}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Vir Singhvi : 'Who Do You Want Congress To Talk To? Karunanidhi? I'll Speak To Ahmed Patel.'|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?268084|newspaper=Outlook}}</ref> when Radia's phone was tapped by the Income Tax Department. According to critics, Dutt and Sanghvi knew about the link between the government and the media industry but delayed reporting the corruption.<ref name="whatexactly"/>
{{Verify sources|date=September 2018}}{{Verify sources|date=September 2018}}

"Paid news" is a phenomenon which has recently come to light, involving politicians paying newspapers to print favorable articles.


==Pakistan== ==Pakistan==


Indian professor Romesh Diwan of the Center for Indian Studies at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth claimed the reduction of the population of Hindus in Pakistan has not received adequate coverage and alleged that the media was not informing the public about these issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umassd.edu/indic/press/dc_press_release.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718233641/http://www.umassd.edu/indic/press/dc_press_release.cfm |archivedate=2006-07-18 |df= }}</ref> There are serious demographic issues regarding the minority non-] population in Pakistan. The ], ], and ] populations have gone from 23% to 2% in the period 1947-1997. International rights groups, like the Center for Indian Studies at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, call this ] and accuse the media of not informing the public about these issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umassd.edu/indic/press/dc_press_release.cfm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718233641/http://www.umassd.edu:80/indic/press/dc_press_release.cfm |archivedate=2006-07-18 |df= }}</ref>

There are also allegations by ] that the local media some times glosses over reports of persecution against the non-Islamic population in Pakistan.<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA330082001?open&of=ENG-PAK</ref>

Using oppressive laws the government has also banned or officially silenced popular television channels. The ] (PEMRA) has been used to silence the broadcast media by either suspending licenses or by simply threatening to do so. In many cases these channels were shifted to obscure numbers in channel line-up. In addition, media is also exposed to propaganda from state agencies, pressured by powerful political elements and non-state actors involved in the current conflict.<ref name="i-m-s.dk"/> A number of channels have been shut down in the past with the latest such incident involving ] and other channels in the ] after a ] was issued against it.<ref>, ''The Express Tribune'', 17 May 2014.</ref> The shutdown came after the network attempted to air allegations on the involvement of ] in the attempted assassination of its leading anchor ].<ref>, Jon Boone, ''The Guardian'', 22 May 2014.</ref><ref>, Declan Walsh and Salman Masoodapril, ''New York Times'', 22 April 2014.</ref><ref>, Ahmad Noorani, ''The News International'', 22 May 2014.</ref>

The press is also restricted in the ] (FATA), where independent radio is allowed only with permission from the government.<ref name=FH-FOTP-2010/>

There is a prevalent culture of self- and state-censorship in the media’s coverage of sensitive issues, particularly in matters related to religion, blasphemy laws, and the Pakistan Army.<ref>Yusuf, Huma. "Mapping digital media: Pakistan." Open Society Foundations (2013).</ref>

The urban bias in Pakistani media has also been criticized by Amir Rana, director of the Institute for Peace Studies: “There is little space not only for alternative ideas or narratives but also for issues of a common citizen ... Th e narratives that we have seen in the mainstream media in Pakistan are basically controlled by three media centers in Pakistan: Islamabad, Karachi, and Lahore. Th ere is little space in the mainstream media for views, perspectives, and information from other parts of Pakistan.” <ref>Yusuf, Huma. "Mapping digital media: Pakistan." Open Society Foundations (2013).</ref>


==Sri Lanka== ==Sri Lanka==
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Under the Emergency Regulations (E.R), all material relating to a subject specified in a gazetted presidential proclamation, has to be submitted for censoring by a 'competent authority.' The 'competent authority' is usually politically favoured civil servant. Recently, the regime made history by appointing a military officer as the government censor. Material censored under such provisions has included comment on the high cost of living, on the dismissal of an employee of a state corporation, allegedly for an article he wrote for his trade union journal, on the marketing problems of passion fruit growers, criticism of a minister's statement in Parliament about a public corporation, and a reference to an alleged assault on two civilians . Under the Emergency Regulations (E.R), all material relating to a subject specified in a gazetted presidential proclamation, has to be submitted for censoring by a 'competent authority.' The 'competent authority' is usually politically favoured civil servant. Recently, the regime made history by appointing a military officer as the government censor. Material censored under such provisions has included comment on the high cost of living, on the dismissal of an employee of a state corporation, allegedly for an article he wrote for his trade union journal, on the marketing problems of passion fruit growers, criticism of a minister's statement in Parliament about a public corporation, and a reference to an alleged assault on two civilians .

⚫ ==Further reading==
*]. In the Shadow of history, Nigarshat, Lahore; History on Trial, Fiction House, Lahore, 1999; Tareekh Aur Nisabi Kutub, Fiction House, Lahore, 2003.
*K.K. Aziz. (2004) ''The Murder of History : A Critique of History Textbooks used in Pakistan.'' Vanguard. {{ISBN|969-402-126-X}}
*] & Salim, Ahmad. (2003) ''The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Text-books in Pakistan - Urdu, English, Social Studies and Civics.'' Sustainable Development Policy Institute.
*] and A. H. Nayyar. Rewriting the history of Pakistan, in ''Islam, Politics and the state: The Pakistan Experience'', Ed. Mohammad Asghar Khan, Zed Books, London, 1985.
* ''Pervez Hoodbhoy - What Are They Teaching In Pakistani Schools Today?'' (International Movement for a Just World)
⚫ *Elst, Koenraad. 2014. Negationism in India: Concealing the Record of Islam {{ISBN|978-8185990958}}
* A. H. Nayyar: ''Twisted truth: Press and politicians make gains from SDPI curriculum report.'' SDPI Research and News Bulletin Vol. 11, No. 1, January - February 2004
* Yvette Rosser: ''Islamization of Pakistani Social Studies Textbooks'', RUPA, New Delhi, 2003.
* Yvette Rosser: ''Hegemony and Historiography: The Politics of Pedagogy.'' ''Asia Review'', Dhaka, Fall 1999.
*{{cite book |first=Yvette Claire |last=Rosser |title=Curriculum as Destiny: Forging National Identity in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh |year=2003 |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/rosseryc036/rosseryc036.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911035259/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/rosseryc036/rosseryc036.pdf |archivedate=11 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
*Rubina Saigol. Knowledge and Identity - Articulation of Gender in Educational Discourse in Pakistan, ASR, Lahore 1995
⚫ * Shourie, Arun. 2014. ]. HarperCollins. {{ISBN|9351365921}} {{ISBN|9789351365921}}
*], ''Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality and Polarization in Pakistan'' Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2004. Reprint. 2006
*Tariq Rahman, ''Language, Ideology and Power: Language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India'' Karachi, Oxford UP, 2002.
*Tariq Rahman, ''Language and Politics in Pakistan'' Karachi: Oxford UP, 1996. Rept. several times. see 2006 edition.


==See also== ==See also==
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*] *]
*] *]

⚫ ==Further reading==
⚫ *Elst, Koenraad. 2014. ]. {{ISBN|978-8185990958}}
⚫ * Shourie, Arun. 2014. ]. HarperCollins. {{ISBN|9351365921}} {{ISBN|9789351365921}}


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
⚫ *
{{Wikiquote}}
*
*
* *
* *
*
⚫ *
*


{{Censorship}} {{Censorship}}

Revision as of 10:40, 18 September 2018

Claims of Media bias in South Asia attract constant attention. The question of bias in South Asian media is also of great interest to people living outside of South Asia. Some accusations of media bias are motivated by a disinterested desire for truth, some are politically motivated. Media bias occurs in television, newspapers, school books and other media.

India

Arun Shourie and other writers have criticized "biased Marxist influences" in the media, as well as corruption of the "leftist" school of historians throughout the years when they controlled the ICHR. These claims include the allegation that the history of the Islamic invasion has been whitewashed and censored in Indian school-books and in other media.

Reporters Without Borders condemned the media blackouts regularly imposed in Indian-administered Kashmir during times of unrest the report also stated that journalists were being harassed by local authorities. Furthermore the organization urged Indian government to stop using security and law and order as a pretext for the media blackout.

Many media stations in India provided vast coverage of the Gujarat Riots in 2002 in which a large number of Muslims were murdered but have often failed to report on the persecution of Hindus in Muslim-dominated Jammu & Kashmir. There are also denials of the fact that Indians in general and Hindus in particular are being ethnically cleansed in Kashmir. With regard to the 2002 Gujarat violence, some commentators have pointed out a disregard for factual reporting on the part of what they term "left-liberal" newspapers.

During the Radia tapes controversy there was an attempted blackout orchestrated by many prominent Indian TV channels and newspapers, however, the news gained prominence following sustained pressure on social networking sites Twitter and Facebook According to the Washington Post, "Twitter has played an important role in launching what has become an international conversation on the issue, with the Indian diaspora weighing in". Initially, only a handful of the mainstream newspapers in India, like The Deccan Herald, Indian Express had openly written about the tapes. Some newspapers like HT Media, Mint (the business newspaper also owned by HT media) and NDTV said "the authenticity of these transcripts cannot be ascertained". CNN-IBN's Sagarika Ghose discussed with a panel of experts, if the corporate lobbying is undermining democracy, on the "Face the Nation" programme on the channel. The Radia tapes is seen to have also made a dent in the image of the media in the country. "The complete blackout of the Nira Radia tapes by the entire broadcast media and most of the major English newspapers paints a truer picture of corruption in the country," wrote G Sampath, the deputy editor of the Daily News and Analysis (DNA) newspaper. After it became an international news, more and more media houses covered the story. The Deccan Chronicle commented, "The 'Radia tapes' may have torn the veil off the nexus between information hungry journalists, lobbyists and industrialists, and opened everyone’s eyes to what has long been suspected — the ability of a small but powerful group to use their connections to influence policy." The largest circulated English newspaper in India and the world, The Times of India finally opened up on 25 November 2010, commenting "The people are showing who the boss is. The weapon in their hands is the internet, ... has seen frantic activism against "power brokering" by journalists in collusion with corporate groups and top government politicians..." OPEN and Outlook reported that journalists Barkha Dutt (editor of NDTV) and Vir Sanghvi (editorial director of the Hindustan Times) knew that corporate lobbyist Nira Radia influenced Raja's appointment as telecom minister, publicising Radia's phone conversations with Dutt and Sanghvi when Radia's phone was tapped by the Income Tax Department. According to critics, Dutt and Sanghvi knew about the link between the government and the media industry but delayed reporting the corruption.

"Paid news" is a phenomenon which has recently come to light, involving politicians paying newspapers to print favorable articles.

Pakistan

There are serious demographic issues regarding the minority non-Islam population in Pakistan. The Christian, Hindu, and Sikh populations have gone from 23% to 2% in the period 1947-1997. International rights groups, like the Center for Indian Studies at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, call this ethnic cleansing and accuse the media of not informing the public about these issues.

There are also allegations by Amnesty International that the local media some times glosses over reports of persecution against the non-Islamic population in Pakistan.

Using oppressive laws the government has also banned or officially silenced popular television channels. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) has been used to silence the broadcast media by either suspending licenses or by simply threatening to do so. In many cases these channels were shifted to obscure numbers in channel line-up. In addition, media is also exposed to propaganda from state agencies, pressured by powerful political elements and non-state actors involved in the current conflict. A number of channels have been shut down in the past with the latest such incident involving Geo TV and other channels in the Geo TV network after a Fatwa was issued against it. The shutdown came after the network attempted to air allegations on the involvement of Inter-Services Intelligence in the attempted assassination of its leading anchor Hamid Mir.

The press is also restricted in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), where independent radio is allowed only with permission from the government.

There is a prevalent culture of self- and state-censorship in the media’s coverage of sensitive issues, particularly in matters related to religion, blasphemy laws, and the Pakistan Army.

The urban bias in Pakistani media has also been criticized by Amir Rana, director of the Institute for Peace Studies: “There is little space not only for alternative ideas or narratives but also for issues of a common citizen ... Th e narratives that we have seen in the mainstream media in Pakistan are basically controlled by three media centers in Pakistan: Islamabad, Karachi, and Lahore. Th ere is little space in the mainstream media for views, perspectives, and information from other parts of Pakistan.”

Sri Lanka

The government of Sri Lanka has been accused of controlling the media. Measures like the Public Security Ordinance and the Sixth Amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution have been accused of limiting a reporters freedom.

The Sixth Amendment to Sri Lanka's constitution, inserted as Article 157A, has been accused of threatening civic disability and seizing of property by banning promotion of separatism. The Public Security Ordinance (PSO) law is often applied liberally when the government applies emergency regulations. This is quite often as Sri Lanka has been ruled under Emergency for a cumulative total of over 20 years since it gained independence from the British. The Saturday Review, the English paper published in Jaffna and the Aththa, the Communist Sinhala language daily were banned in the early eighties under the PSO. When the Aththa was banned its press was also sealed. In the seventies, the government sealed the printing press of the Independent Newspapers Ltd. (Davasa Group) by using the emergency regulations.

Under the Emergency Regulations (E.R), all material relating to a subject specified in a gazetted presidential proclamation, has to be submitted for censoring by a 'competent authority.' The 'competent authority' is usually politically favoured civil servant. Recently, the regime made history by appointing a military officer as the government censor. Material censored under such provisions has included comment on the high cost of living, on the dismissal of an employee of a state corporation, allegedly for an article he wrote for his trade union journal, on the marketing problems of passion fruit growers, criticism of a minister's statement in Parliament about a public corporation, and a reference to an alleged assault on two civilians .

Further reading

  • Mubarak Ali. In the Shadow of history, Nigarshat, Lahore; History on Trial, Fiction House, Lahore, 1999; Tareekh Aur Nisabi Kutub, Fiction House, Lahore, 2003.
  • K.K. Aziz. (2004) The Murder of History : A Critique of History Textbooks used in Pakistan. Vanguard. ISBN 969-402-126-X
  • Nayyar, A. H. & Salim, Ahmad. (2003) The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Text-books in Pakistan - Urdu, English, Social Studies and Civics. Sustainable Development Policy Institute. The Subtle Subversion
  • Pervez Hoodbhoy and A. H. Nayyar. Rewriting the history of Pakistan, in Islam, Politics and the state: The Pakistan Experience, Ed. Mohammad Asghar Khan, Zed Books, London, 1985.
  • Pervez Hoodbhoy - What Are They Teaching In Pakistani Schools Today? (International Movement for a Just World)
  • Elst, Koenraad. 2014. Negationism in India: Concealing the Record of Islam ISBN 978-8185990958
  • A. H. Nayyar: Twisted truth: Press and politicians make gains from SDPI curriculum report. SDPI Research and News Bulletin Vol. 11, No. 1, January - February 2004
  • Yvette Rosser: Islamization of Pakistani Social Studies Textbooks, RUPA, New Delhi, 2003.
  • Yvette Rosser: Hegemony and Historiography: The Politics of Pedagogy. Asia Review, Dhaka, Fall 1999.
  • Rosser, Yvette Claire (2003). Curriculum as Destiny: Forging National Identity in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (PDF). University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2008. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Rubina Saigol. Knowledge and Identity - Articulation of Gender in Educational Discourse in Pakistan, ASR, Lahore 1995
  • Shourie, Arun. 2014. Eminent Historians: Their Techniques, Their Line, Their Fraud. HarperCollins. ISBN 9351365921 ISBN 9789351365921
  • Tariq Rahman, Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality and Polarization in Pakistan Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2004. Reprint. 2006
  • Tariq Rahman, Language, Ideology and Power: Language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India Karachi, Oxford UP, 2002.
  • Tariq Rahman, Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford UP, 1996. Rept. several times. see 2006 edition.

See also

References

  1. Bryant, E. E. (2014). Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Cary, USA: Oxford University Press, USA.
  2. Shourie, A. (2014). Eminent historians: Their technology, their line, their fraud. HarperCollins
  3. https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-condemns-kashmir-media-blackout-indian-authorities
  4. Left-liberal media subverts truth Daily Pioneer - August 7, 2011
  5. "#barkhagate: Protests in 140 characters leave no space for gray areas". DNA. 24 November 2010.
  6. "Twitter world abuzz over Radia-Barkha tapes". rediff.com. Mynews.in. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  7. "Barkhagate". Facebook. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  8. ^ G Sampath (20 November 2010). "When Radia killed the media star". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  9. ^ "Those living in glass houses..." The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  10. ^ "2G scam: Netizens bark at Barkha, Vir Sanghvi". CIOL. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  11. Emily Wax (22 November 2010). "Indian journalists accused of secretly helping politicians, businesses". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  12. "Anchored in mire : Journalists are only expected to be witnesses.". The Deccan Herald. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  13. Cite error: The named reference expressbuzzstir was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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