Orchitis: Difference between revisions

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	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE \|date=May 1992 \|title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty \|journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics \|volume=174 \|issue=5 \|pages=399–402 \|pmid=1570618}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE \|date=May 1992 \|title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty \|journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics \|volume=174 \|issue=5 \|pages=399–402 \|pmid=1570618}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT \|date=January 1977 \|title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 \|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings \|volume=52 \|issue=1 \|pages=3–7 \|pmid=609284}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT \|date=January 1977 \|title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 \|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings \|volume=52 \|issue=1 \|pages=3–7 \|pmid=609284}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA \|date=February 1976 \|title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits \|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine \|volume=143 \|issue=2 \|pages=382–404 \|pmid=129498 \|pmc=2190126 ~~\|url=http://jem.rupress.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=129498~~ \|doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA \|date=February 1976 \|title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits \|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine \|volume=143 \|issue=2 \|pages=382–404 \|pmid=129498 \|pmc=2190126 \|doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E \|date=August 1968 \|title=Granulomatous orchitis \|journal=British Journal of Urology \|volume=40 \|issue=4 \|pages=451–8 \|pmid=5678169 \|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E \|date=August 1968 \|title=Granulomatous orchitis \|journal=British Journal of Urology \|volume=40 \|issue=4 \|pages=451–8 \|pmid=5678169 \|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Dreyfuss W \|date=April 1954 \|title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis \|journal=The Journal of Urology \|volume=71 \|issue=4 \|pages=483–7 \|pmid=13152871}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Dreyfuss W \|date=April 1954 \|title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis \|journal=The Journal of Urology \|volume=71 \|issue=4 \|pages=483–7 \|pmid=13152871\|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67813-3 }}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Lambert B \|year=1951 \|title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility \|journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica \|volume=2 \|issue=Suppl. 1 \|pages=1–166 \|pmid=15444009}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Lambert B \|year=1951 \|title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility \|journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica \|volume=2 \|issue=Suppl. 1 \|pages=1–166 \|pmid=15444009}}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Grünberg H \|year=1926 \|title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis \|journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol \|volume=33 \|pages=217–27}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Grünberg H \|year=1926 \|title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis \|journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol \|volume=33 \|pages=217–27}}

Revision as of 09:22, 22 February 2019

Medical condition

Orchitis
Other names	Orchiditis
Pronunciation	/ˌɔːrˈkaɪtɪs/, /ˌɔːrkɪˈdaɪtɪs/
Specialty	Urology

Orchitis is inflammation of the testes. It can also involve swelling, pains and frequent infection, particularly of the epididymis (as in epididymis). The term is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include:

hematospermia (blood in the semen)
hematuria (blood in the urine)
severe pain
visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.

Causes

Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis. Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.

Ischemic orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the spermatic cord during inguinal herniorrhaphy, and may in the worst event lead to testicular atrophy.

Diagnosis

Blood – ESR high
Urine – Cultural & Sensitivity test
Ultrasound scanning

Treatment

In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency department physicians.

Other animals

Orchitis is not rare in bulls and rams. It has also been described in roosters.

References

"orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7
Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.
Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H (December 2008). "Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders". Avian Pathology. 37 (6): 613–7. doi:10.1080/03079450802499134. PMID 19023758.

External links

Classification	D ICD-10: N45 ICD-9-CM: 604 MeSH: D009920 DiseasesDB: 4342
External resources	MedlinePlus: 001280 eMedicine: emerg/344

Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals

Internal

Testicular	Orchitis Hydrocele testis Testicular cancer Testicular torsion Male infertility Aspermia Asthenozoospermia Azoospermia Hyperspermia Hypospermia Oligospermia Necrospermia Teratospermia Ectopic testis
Epididymis	Epididymitis Spermatocele Hematocele
Prostate	Prostatitis Acute prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate cancer
Seminal vesicle	Seminal vesiculitis

External

Penis	Balanoposthitis / Balanitis Balanitis plasmacellularis Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis Phimosis Paraphimosis Priapism Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Spontaneous orgasm Peyronie's disease Penile cancer Penile fracture Balanitis xerotica obliterans Persistent genital arousal disorder
Scrotum	Fournier gangrene Varicocele Pneumoscrotum

Other

Inflammation

Symptoms

Mechanism

Acute

Plasma-derived mediators

Cell-derived mediators

preformed	Lysosome granules biogenic amines Histamine Serotonin
synthesized on demand	cytokines IFN-γ IL-8 TNF-α IL-1 eicosanoids Leukotriene B4 Prostaglandins Nitric oxide Kinins

Chronic

Other

Tests

General

Categories:

Revision as of 00:28, 13 February 2019 editDoc James (talk \| contribs)Administrators312,257 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 09:22, 22 February 2019 edit undoCitation bot (talk \| contribs)Bots5,406,849 editsm Add: doi. Removed parameters. \| You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here. \| User-activated.Next edit →
Line 57:		Line 57:
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE \|date=May 1992 \|title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty \|journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics \|volume=174 \|issue=5 \|pages=399–402 \|pmid=1570618}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Fong Y, Wantz GE \|date=May 1992 \|title=Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty \|journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics \|volume=174 \|issue=5 \|pages=399–402 \|pmid=1570618}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT \|date=January 1977 \|title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 \|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings \|volume=52 \|issue=1 \|pages=3–7 \|pmid=609284}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT \|date=January 1977 \|title=The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 \|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings \|volume=52 \|issue=1 \|pages=3–7 \|pmid=609284}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA \|date=February 1976 \|title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits \|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine \|volume=143 \|issue=2 \|pages=382–404 \|pmid=129498 \|pmc=2190126 ~~\|url=http://jem.rupress.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=129498~~ \|doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Bigazzi PE, Kosuda LL, Hsu KC, Andres GA \|date=February 1976 \|title=Immune complex orchitis in vasectomized rabbits \|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine \|volume=143 \|issue=2 \|pages=382–404 \|pmid=129498 \|pmc=2190126 \|doi=10.1084/jem.143.2.382}}
	* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E \|date=August 1968 \|title=Granulomatous orchitis \|journal=British Journal of Urology \|volume=40 \|issue=4 \|pages=451–8 \|pmid=5678169 \|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}}		* {{cite journal \|vauthors=Lynch VP, Eakins D, Morrison E \|date=August 1968 \|title=Granulomatous orchitis \|journal=British Journal of Urology \|volume=40 \|issue=4 \|pages=451–8 \|pmid=5678169 \|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.1968.tb11832.x}}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Dreyfuss W \|date=April 1954 \|title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis \|journal=The Journal of Urology \|volume=71 \|issue=4 \|pages=483–7 \|pmid=13152871}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Dreyfuss W \|date=April 1954 \|title=Acute granulomatous orchiditis \|journal=The Journal of Urology \|volume=71 \|issue=4 \|pages=483–7 \|pmid=13152871\|doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67813-3 }}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Lambert B \|year=1951 \|title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility \|journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica \|volume=2 \|issue=Suppl. 1 \|pages=1–166 \|pmid=15444009}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Lambert B \|year=1951 \|title=The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility \|journal=Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica \|volume=2 \|issue=Suppl. 1 \|pages=1–166 \|pmid=15444009}}
	* {{cite journal \|author=Grünberg H \|year=1926 \|title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis \|journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol \|volume=33 \|pages=217–27}}		* {{cite journal \|author=Grünberg H \|year=1926 \|title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis \|journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol \|volume=33 \|pages=217–27}}

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