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| native_name_lang = he | native_name_lang = he
| birth_name = Raphael Arthur Salaman | birth_name = Raphael Arthur Salaman
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1906|4|24|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1906|4|24}}
| birth_place = ], ], ] | birth_place = ], Hertfordshire, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1993|12|31|1906|4|24|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1993|12|31|1906|4|24}}
| death_place = ], ], ] | death_place = ], Hertfordshire, England
| death_cause = | death_cause =
| resting_place = | resting_place =
| residence = | residence =
| nationality = ] | nationality = British
| other_names = | other_names =
| citizenship = | citizenship =
| education = ] | education = ]
| alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
| occupation = Tool collector, ] | occupation = Tool collector, writer
| years_active = | years_active =
| employer = | employer =
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}} }}


'''Raphael Arthur Salaman''', ] (24 April 1906 – 31 December 1993) was an ] ], collector of ]s and ]. His work recorded the tools used during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries in Britain. '''Raphael Arthur Salaman''', ] (24 April 1906 – 31 December 1993) was an English engineer, collector of ]s and writer. His work recorded the tools used during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries in Britain.


==Family and education== ==Family and education==
R. A. Salaman, also known as Raph, was born in ], ] into a well-established Anglo-Jewish family. His father was Dr ] FRS, the botanist who wrote ''The History and Social Influence of the Potato.<ref>Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1949; 2nd edition with new introduction and emendations by J. G. Hawkes 1985) ''The History and Social Influence of the Potato'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press {{ISBN|978-0-521-31623-1}}.</ref> ''His mother Nina (''née'' Davis) was a writer, poet and ] scholar<ref name="Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life1">{{cite book |last=Niemann|first=Hans-Joachim|title=Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA39|year=2014|publisher=]|page=39|isbn=978-3161532078}}</ref> who tried to teach him Hebrew which he found hard unlike his elder brothers. However, being Jewish was still important to Salaman and he used to tell his children about it and read the ].<ref name="thejc">{{cite news |last=Doherty|first=Rosa|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/news-features/jeremy-corbyn-s-devoted-defender-jewish-voice-for-labour-jenny-manson-1.465660|title=Meet Jeremy Corbyn’s devoted Jewish defender: Jenny Manson|work= |location= |publisher='']''|date=19 June 2018|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> R. A. Salaman, also known as Raph, was born in ], Hertfordshire into a well-established Anglo-Jewish family. His father was Dr ] FRS, the botanist who wrote ''The History and Social Influence of the Potato.<ref>Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1949; 2nd edition with new introduction and emendations by J. G. Hawkes 1985) ''The History and Social Influence of the Potato'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press {{ISBN|978-0-521-31623-1}}.</ref> ''His mother Nina (''née'' Davis) was a writer, poet and ] scholar<ref name="Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life1">{{cite book |last=Niemann|first=Hans-Joachim|title=Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA39|year=2014|publisher=]|page=39|isbn=978-3161532078}}</ref> who tried to teach him Hebrew which he found hard unlike his elder brothers. However, being Jewish was still important to Salaman and he used to tell his children about it and read the Bible.<ref name="thejc">{{cite news |last=Doherty|first=Rosa|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/news-features/jeremy-corbyn-s-devoted-defender-jewish-voice-for-labour-jenny-manson-1.465660|title=Meet Jeremy Corbyn's devoted Jewish defender: Jenny Manson|work=]|date=19 June 2018|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref>


The Salaman family are ],<ref name="theguardian2">{{cite news |last=Morrison|first=Blake|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/11/featuresreviews.guardianreview2|title=Generation gap|work= |location= |publisher='']''|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> who, according his father, migrated to Britain from either ] or the ] in the early 18th century.<ref name="Plumes">{{cite book |last=Stein|first=Sarah Abrevaya|title=Plumes: Ostrich Feathers, Jews, and a Lost World of Global Commerce|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ikHj7Xc9lJUC&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180|year=2010|publisher=]|page=180|isbn=978-0300168181}}</ref> His family were members of ].<ref name="thejc"/> Salaman's interest in tools developed from watching craftsmen in rural Hertfordshire.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} The Salaman family are ],<ref name="theguardian2">{{cite news |last=Morrison|first=Blake|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/11/featuresreviews.guardianreview2|title=Generation gap|work=]|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> who, according his father, migrated to Britain from either ] or the ] in the early 18th century.<ref name="Plumes">{{cite book |last=Stein|first=Sarah Abrevaya|title=Plumes: Ostrich Feathers, Jews, and a Lost World of Global Commerce|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ikHj7Xc9lJUC&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180|year=2010|publisher=]|page=180|isbn=978-0300168181}}</ref> His family were members of ].<ref name="thejc"/> Salaman's interest in tools developed from watching craftsmen in rural Hertfordshire.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


Salaman attended ] and then studied engineering at the ].<ref name="independent"/> Salaman attended ] and then studied engineering at the ].<ref name="independent"/>


==Career== ==Career==
After university Salaman set up his own light-engineering company in London. During the Second World War he went to work for Marks and Spencer, organizing air-raid precautions (ARP) and fire-fighting.<ref>http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__371.aspx?path=0p3p. Accessed 1 November 2014.</ref> After the war he continued to work for the retailer.<ref>http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Accessed 1 November 2014.</ref> His job involved travelling around Britain, which gave him the opportunity to collect tools. He collected hand tools related to trades that were becoming less common, including those of wheelwrights, coopers, farriers, saddlers and dairy workers. After university Salaman set up his own light-engineering company in London. During the Second World War he went to work for Marks and Spencer, organizing air-raid precautions (ARP) and fire-fighting.<ref>http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__371.aspx?path=0p3p. Retrieved 1 November 2014.</ref> After the war he continued to work for the retailer.<ref>http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Retrieved 1 November 2014.</ref> His job involved travelling around Britain, which gave him the opportunity to collect tools. He collected hand tools related to trades that were becoming less common, including those of wheelwrights, coopers, farriers, saddlers and dairy workers.


His interest in tools was more than a hobby. He contributed to scholarly research. In 1959 he worked on a piece entitled, ''The Wheelwright's Art in Ancient China'' with ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_894791 | title=The wheelwright's art in ancient China / Lu Gwei-Djen, Raphel A. Salaman and Joseph Needham | publisher=Smithsonian Institution | accessdate=1 August 2018 }}</ref> His interest in tools was more than a hobby. He contributed to scholarly research. In 1959 he worked on a piece entitled, ''The Wheelwright's Art in Ancient China'' with ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_894791 | title=The wheelwright's art in ancient China / Lu Gwei-Djen, Raphel A. Salaman and Joseph Needham | publisher=Smithsonian Institution | accessdate=1 August 2018 }}</ref>


Raph retired early and dedicated himself to compiling two definitive books about hand tools<ref name="theguardian">{{cite news |last=Wordsworth|first=Saul|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/saul-wordsworth-ukraine-grandmother|title=The adventures of Miriam|work= |location= |publisher='']''|date=15 January 2011|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> that have become standard reference works and are in the holdings of many libraries worldwide. The first, ''Dictionary of Woodworking Tools'', was first published in 1975.<ref>Salaman, R. A., with foreword by Joseph Needham (1997, revised by Philip Walker). ''Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970, and Tools of Allied Trades'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN|978-1-879335-79-0}}.</ref> His other book ''Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades'' first came out in 1986.<ref>Salaman, R. A. (1996). ''Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN|978-1-879335-72-1}}.</ref> Raph retired early and dedicated himself to compiling two definitive books about hand tools<ref name="theguardian">{{cite news |last=Wordsworth|first=Saul|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/saul-wordsworth-ukraine-grandmother|title=The adventures of Miriam|work=]|date=15 January 2011|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> that have become standard reference works and are in the holdings of many libraries worldwide. The first, ''Dictionary of Woodworking Tools'', was first published in 1975.<ref>Salaman, R. A., with foreword by Joseph Needham (1997, revised by Philip Walker). ''Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970, and Tools of Allied Trades'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN|978-1-879335-79-0}}.</ref> His other book ''Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades'' first came out in 1986.<ref>Salaman, R. A. (1996). ''Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades'' Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press {{ISBN|978-1-879335-72-1}}.</ref>


==Collection== ==Collection==
Salaman's collection of hand tools was bought by . Part of the collection was on display for many years at the Museum of St Albans. In 2010 it was removed from permanent exhibition.<ref>http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Accessed 1 November 2014.</ref> The tools remain in the reserve collection of the Museum Service. Salaman's collection of hand tools was bought by St Albans Museums Service. Part of the collection was on display for many years at the Museum of St Albans. In 2010 it was removed from permanent exhibition.<ref>http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Retrieved 1 November 2014.</ref> The tools remain in the reserve collection of the Museum Service.


Some of his catalogues, price lists, books and drawings featured in an auction sale organized by David Stanley and held in Loughborough in 1987.<ref>''Special Consignment Sale by Auction of Quality Antique Woodworking & Allied Trades, Tools, Treen & Bygones: To Include a Rare Collection of Early Catalogues, Price Lists, Books & Drawings from Mr R.A. Salaman, the Kings Head Hotel, High Street, Loughborough, Leicestershire: Tuesday 23rd June, 1987''. Osgathorpe: .</ref> Some of his catalogues, price lists, books and drawings featured in an auction sale organized by David Stanley and held in Loughborough in 1987.<ref>''Special Consignment Sale by Auction of Quality Antique Woodworking & Allied Trades, Tools, Treen & Bygones: To Include a Rare Collection of Early Catalogues, Price Lists, Books & Drawings from Mr R.A. Salaman, the Kings Head Hotel, High Street, Loughborough, Leicestershire: Tuesday 23 June 1987''. Osgathorpe: .</ref>


==The Salaman Awards and Grants== ==The Salaman Awards and Grants==
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==Personal life and death== ==Personal life and death==
In 1933,<ref name="theguardian" /> Salaman married Miriam Polianowsky. The couple had one son and three daughters,<ref name="independent">{{cite news |last=Kessler|first=David|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-r-a-salaman-1399714.html|title=Obituary: R. A. Salaman|work= |location= |publisher='']''|date=13 January 1994|accessdate= }}</ref> including ] Chair, ].<ref name="thejc"/> Their family were the only ] family in the town and according to his daughter Jenny Manson "the only family that voted ]".<ref name="thejc"/> He and his wife were Labour Party supporters and actively involved with ],<ref name="hgs">{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.hgs.org.uk/suburbnews/sn104/sn-7.pdf|title=What It Feels Like to Be Me|issue=104|work= |location= |publisher=''Suburb News''|date=2010|page=7|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> and Salaman used to get news from ] and CND delivered.<ref name="thejc"/> In 1933,<ref name="theguardian" /> Salaman married Miriam Polianowsky. The couple had one son and three daughters,<ref name="independent">{{cite news |last=Kessler|first=David|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-r-a-salaman-1399714.html|title=Obituary: R. A. Salaman|work=]|date=13 January 1994}}</ref> including ] Chair, ].<ref name="thejc"/> Their family were the only ] family in the town and according to his daughter Jenny Manson "the only family that voted ]".<ref name="thejc"/> He and his wife were Labour Party supporters and actively involved with ],<ref name="hgs">{{cite news |url=http://www.hgs.org.uk/suburbnews/sn104/sn-7.pdf|title=What It Feels Like to Be Me|issue=104|publisher=Suburb News|year=2010|page=7|accessdate=1 July 2018}}</ref> and Salaman used to get news from ] and CND delivered.<ref name="thejc"/>


Salaman's elder brother Myer married Miriam's elder sister who became the writer ].<ref name="Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life2">{{cite book |last=Niemann|first=Hans-Joachim|title=Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA40|year=2014|publisher=]|page=40|isbn=978-3161532078}}</ref> Salaman's elder brother Myer married Miriam's elder sister who became the writer ].<ref name="Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life2">{{cite book |last=Niemann|first=Hans-Joachim|title=Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA40|year=2014|publisher=]|page=40|isbn=978-3161532078}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:01, 24 March 2019

Raphael SalamanFSA
BornRaphael Arthur Salaman
(1906-04-24)24 April 1906
Barley, Hertfordshire, England
Died31 December 1993(1993-12-31) (aged 87)
Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England
NationalityBritish
EducationBedales School
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge
Occupation(s)Tool collector, writer
Political partyLabour
Spouse Miriam Polianowsky ​(m. 1933)​
Children3; including Jenny Manson (daughter)
Parent(s)Redcliffe N. Salaman (father)
Nina Ruth Davis (mother)
RelativesEsther Polianowsky (sister-in-law)

Raphael Arthur Salaman, FSA (24 April 1906 – 31 December 1993) was an English engineer, collector of hand tools and writer. His work recorded the tools used during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries in Britain.

Family and education

R. A. Salaman, also known as Raph, was born in Barley, Hertfordshire into a well-established Anglo-Jewish family. His father was Dr Redcliffe N. Salaman FRS, the botanist who wrote The History and Social Influence of the Potato. His mother Nina (née Davis) was a writer, poet and Hebrew scholar who tried to teach him Hebrew which he found hard unlike his elder brothers. However, being Jewish was still important to Salaman and he used to tell his children about it and read the Bible.

The Salaman family are Ashkenazi Jews, who, according his father, migrated to Britain from either Holland or the Rhineland in the early 18th century. His family were members of Bevis Marks. Salaman's interest in tools developed from watching craftsmen in rural Hertfordshire.

Salaman attended Bedales School and then studied engineering at the University of Cambridge.

Career

After university Salaman set up his own light-engineering company in London. During the Second World War he went to work for Marks and Spencer, organizing air-raid precautions (ARP) and fire-fighting. After the war he continued to work for the retailer. His job involved travelling around Britain, which gave him the opportunity to collect tools. He collected hand tools related to trades that were becoming less common, including those of wheelwrights, coopers, farriers, saddlers and dairy workers.

His interest in tools was more than a hobby. He contributed to scholarly research. In 1959 he worked on a piece entitled, The Wheelwright's Art in Ancient China with Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-djen.

Raph retired early and dedicated himself to compiling two definitive books about hand tools that have become standard reference works and are in the holdings of many libraries worldwide. The first, Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, was first published in 1975. His other book Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades first came out in 1986.

Collection

Salaman's collection of hand tools was bought by St Albans Museums Service. Part of the collection was on display for many years at the Museum of St Albans. In 2010 it was removed from permanent exhibition. The tools remain in the reserve collection of the Museum Service.

Some of his catalogues, price lists, books and drawings featured in an auction sale organized by David Stanley and held in Loughborough in 1987.

The Salaman Awards and Grants

The Salaman Awards and Grants were established in memory of Raphael Salaman and are available to successful applicants through the Tools and Trades History Society.

Personal life and death

In 1933, Salaman married Miriam Polianowsky. The couple had one son and three daughters, including Jewish Voice for Labour Chair, Jenny Manson. Their family were the only Jewish family in the town and according to his daughter Jenny Manson "the only family that voted Labour". He and his wife were Labour Party supporters and actively involved with CND, and Salaman used to get news from Amnesty and CND delivered.

Salaman's elder brother Myer married Miriam's elder sister who became the writer Esther Salaman.

Salaman died in Harpenden, Hertfordshire, on 31 December 1993.

See also

References

  1. Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1949; 2nd edition with new introduction and emendations by J. G. Hawkes 1985) The History and Social Influence of the Potato Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-31623-1.
  2. Niemann, Hans-Joachim (2014). Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life. Mohr Siebeck. p. 39. ISBN 978-3161532078.
  3. ^ Doherty, Rosa (19 June 2018). "Meet Jeremy Corbyn's devoted Jewish defender: Jenny Manson". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  4. Morrison, Blake (11 October 2013). "Generation gap". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  5. Stein, Sarah Abrevaya (2010). Plumes: Ostrich Feathers, Jews, and a Lost World of Global Commerce. Yale University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0300168181.
  6. ^ Kessler, David (13 January 1994). "Obituary: R. A. Salaman". The Independent.
  7. http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__371.aspx?path=0p3p. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  8. http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  9. "The wheelwright's art in ancient China / Lu Gwei-Djen, Raphel A. Salaman and Joseph Needham". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  10. ^ Wordsworth, Saul (15 January 2011). "The adventures of Miriam". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  11. Salaman, R. A., with foreword by Joseph Needham (1997, revised by Philip Walker). Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970, and Tools of Allied Trades Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press ISBN 978-1-879335-79-0.
  12. Salaman, R. A. (1996). Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press ISBN 978-1-879335-72-1.
  13. http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  14. Special Consignment Sale by Auction of Quality Antique Woodworking & Allied Trades, Tools, Treen & Bygones: To Include a Rare Collection of Early Catalogues, Price Lists, Books & Drawings from Mr R.A. Salaman, the Kings Head Hotel, High Street, Loughborough, Leicestershire: Tuesday 23 June 1987. Osgathorpe: David Stanley Auctions.
  15. See Salaman Awards and Grants.
  16. "What It Feels Like to Be Me" (PDF). No. 104. Suburb News. 2010. p. 7. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  17. Niemann, Hans-Joachim (2014). Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life. Mohr Siebeck. p. 40. ISBN 978-3161532078.

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