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== Modern times == == Modern times ==
* Since 2003, when the Kurds occupied the settlements of the Yazidis in the ], the Yazidis were undergoing a process of ] by the ] (KRG).{{verification needed|date=June 2019}} According to a ] report the Kurdish authorities have used heavy-handed tactics against the Yazidis and some Yazidis were kidnapped and beaten by the KRG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/11/10/vulnerable-ground/violence-against-minority-communities-nineveh-provinces-disputed|title=On Vulnerable Ground {{!}} Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2009-11-10|website=]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref>{{or|date=June 2019}} * Since 2003, when the Kurds occupied the settlements of the Yazidis in the ], the Yazidis were undergoing a process of ] by the ] (KRG).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/1419199.html|title=Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa |last=Documentation|first=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and|date=2017-10-02|website=www.ecoi.net|language=de|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdistantribune.com/the-shengal-yezidi-conundrum/|title=The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum|date=2016-12-15|website=The Kurdistan Tribune|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assyriatv.org/yazidi-hr-activist-imad-haji-kurdish-betrayal-yazidis-assyrians/|title=Yazidi HR-activist Imad Haji on Kurdish betrayal of the Yazidis and Assyrians|last=admintv|date=2018-12-06|website=Assyria TV|language=sv-SE|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zI74CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT122&dq=yazidis+kurdification&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRp8SHqPTiAhVllFwKHbn9DWcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq|last=Shanks|first=Kelsey|date=2015-11-19|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781317520429|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> According to a ] report the Kurdish authorities have used heavy-handed tactics against the Yazidis and some Yazidis were kidnapped and beaten by the KRG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/11/10/vulnerable-ground/violence-against-minority-communities-nineveh-provinces-disputed|title=On Vulnerable Ground {{!}} Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2009-11-10|website=]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|quote=In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar.|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref>
* On 3 August 2014 the ]. Many Kurds have joined ISIL.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsItDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT304&dq=many+kurds+joined+isis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1uKzChOviAhVNPFAKHfAzDIUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies|last=Travis|first=Hannibal|date=2017-07-20|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781351980258|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> And the genocide could only happen because the Kurdish ] had fled from ISIL and left the Yazidis defenseless{{clarification needed|date=June 2019}}.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRKEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East|last=Phillips|first=David L.|date=2018-11-29|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=|isbn=9781786735768|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>{{pov statement|date=June 2019}} * On 3 August 2014 the ]. Many Kurds have joined ISIL.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsItDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT304&dq=many+kurds+joined+isis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1uKzChOviAhVNPFAKHfAzDIUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies|last=Travis|first=Hannibal|date=2017-07-20|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781351980258|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.euronews.com/2014/10/05/auch-die-kurden-sind-gegen-die-jesiden|title=Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden|last=|first=|date=|website=de.euronews.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> And the genocide could only happen because the Kurdish ] had fled from ISIL and left the Yazidis defenseless.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRKEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East|last=Phillips|first=David L.|date=2018-11-29|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=|isbn=9781786735768|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/en/the-betrayal-of-shingal/|title=The betrayal of Shingal|last=|first=|date=2015-08-07|website=ÊzîdîPress - English|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/meinung/jesiden-und-kurden-im-irak-waffen-fuer-die-falschen-1.2106836-2|title=Waffen für die Falschen?|date=2014-08-29|work=sueddeutsche.de|access-date=2019-06-19|language=de|issn=0174-4917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.dw.com/de/jesiden-sie-haben-uns-im-stich-gelassen/a-18635538|title=Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.08.2015|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==

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The persecution of Yazidis by Kurds describes the atrocities and massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds. The goal of the Kurds was to force them to convert to Islam. Almost the whole Yazidi population were nearly wiped out by massacres carried out by Kurds.

The Geli Ali Beg Waterfall in Iraqi Kurdistan is named after the Yazidi leader Ali Beg who was killed there in 1832 by the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz.

History

Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds:

  • In 980-981, the Kurds surrounded the Yazidis in the Hakkari region and killed most of them. Some Yazidis were captured and forced to Islam.
  • In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari. Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple Lalish of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of Sheikh Adi. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.
  • In 1585, the Kurdish leader Ali Saidi Beg from Bohtan and his soldiers killed more than 600 Yazidis in Sinjar. Then the Kurds have raped many Yazidi girls and women.
  • In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a repeated massacre of the Yazidis in Khatarah (modern Iraq).
  • In 1832, Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Botan) with their troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan (modern Iraq).
  • In 1832, a Yazidi leader was killed by the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg in Shekhan area. Then the Kurds invaded the villages of the Yazidis and destroyed them. They have killed many Yazidis. By an attempt to escape, many Yazidis have going into the Tigris river. Those Yazidis who could not swim were kidnapped by the Kurds. Then the Kurds give them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed.
  • In 1833, the Yazidis were attacked in the Aqrah region by the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and his soldiers. About 500 Yazidis were killed in the upper Zab by them.
  • In 1840-1844, the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg committed a repeated massacre of the Yazidis in the Tur Abdin region (modern Turkey). At the Islamic sacrificial festival he slaughtered the Yazidis instead of a sheep.
  • In 1915-1923, Yazidis were killed alongside Armenians during the Armenian genocide at the hands of the Kurds. More than 300,000 Yazidis were killed. Many Yazidis have also fled to Transcaucasia.

Modern times

See also

References

  1. King, Diane E. (2013-12-31). Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813563541.
  2. Travis, Hannibal (2010). Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 9781594604362.
  3. Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (2004-03-18). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686.
  4. "Explainer: Who are the Yazidis?". SBS News.
  5. ^ Corrigan, Edward C. (April 7, 2006). "YEZIDIS NEW YEAR 6756" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  7. "Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de". Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt (in German). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. "Das Khatare-Massaker im März 1832". ÊzîdîPress (in German). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  9. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  10. Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815630937.
  11. "The bloody shadow of Bedirkhan Beg" (PDF). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. Maisel, Sebastian (2018-06-30). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440842573.
  13. Rezvani, Babak (2014-03-15). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789048519286.
  14. Documentation, Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and (2017-10-02). "Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa [a-10353]". www.ecoi.net (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  15. "The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum". The Kurdistan Tribune. 2016-12-15. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  16. admintv (2018-12-06). "Yazidi HR-activist Imad Haji on Kurdish betrayal of the Yazidis and Assyrians". Assyria TV (in Swedish). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  17. Shanks, Kelsey (2015-11-19). Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq. Routledge. ISBN 9781317520429.
  18. Avenue, Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth; York, 34th Floor | New; t 1.212.290.4700, NY 10118-3299 USA | (2009-11-10). "On Vulnerable Ground | Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province's Disputed Territories". Human Rights Watch. In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. Travis, Hannibal (2017-07-20). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. ISBN 9781351980258.
  20. "Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden". de.euronews.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. Phillips, David L. (2018-11-29). The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781786735768.
  22. "The betrayal of Shingal". ÊzîdîPress - English. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2019-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. "Waffen für die Falschen?". sueddeutsche.de (in German). 2014-08-29. ISSN 0174-4917. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  24. Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" | DW | 08.08.2015". DW.COM (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
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