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| {{Infobox Former Country | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |native_name = Česká a Slovenská Federativní Republika<br>Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika | |||
| |conventional_long_name = Czech and Slovak Federal Republic | |||
| |common_name=Czech and Slovakia | |||
| |continent = Europe | |||
| |status = Federation | |||
| |government_type = Republic | |||
| |year_start = 1990 | |||
| |event_start = ] | |||
| |date_start = April 23 | |||
| |year_end = 1992 | |||
| |event_end = ] | |||
| |date_end = December 31 | |||
| |p1 = Czechoslovak Socialist Republic | |||
| |flag_p1 = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg | |||
| |s1 = Czech Republic | |||
| |flag_s1 = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg | |||
| |s2 = Slovakia | |||
| |flag_s2 = Flag of Slovakia.svg | |||
| |image_flag = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg | |||
| |flag = Flag of Czechoslovakia | |||
| |image_coat = CoA CSFRc.svg | |||
| |symbol = Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia | |||
| |image_map = LocationCzechoslovakia(1945-1992).png | |||
| |capital = Prague | |||
| |latd=50|latm=05|latNS=N|longd=14|longm=28|longEW=E| | |||
| |national_motto = ''Veritas Vincit''<br>(]: "Truth prevails") | |||
| |national_anthem = '']'' and '']'' | |||
| |common_languages = ], ] | |||
| |currency = ] | |||
| |leader1 = Václav Havel | |||
| |year_leader1 = 1989-1992 | |||
| |title_leader = ] | |||
| |deputy1 = Jan Stráský | |||
| |year_deputy1 = 1992 | |||
| |title_deputy = ] | |||
| |stat_year1 = 1992 | |||
| |stat_area1 = 127900 | |||
| |stat_pop1 = 15600000 | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Czech and Slovak Federal Republic''' (]/]: '''Česká a Slovenská Federativní / Federatívna Republika, ČSFR''') was the official name of ] from April ] until ] ], when the country was dissolved into ] and ]. | |||
| == Adoption of the name == | |||
| After the ] discussions started on how to change the communist name of the state, ] (''Československá socialistická republika'', ČSSR). | |||
| While a return to the pre-1960 form ''Československá republika'' (''Czechoslovak Republic'') seemed obvious, Slovak politicians objected that the traditional name subsumed Slovakia's equal stature too much. The first compromise was Constitutional Law 81/1990, which acknowledged the state's nature explicitly as ''Československá federativní republika'' ('''Czechoslovak Federal Republic''') in Czech and was passed on 29 March 1990 (coming into force on the same day) only after an agreement on the Slovak form as ''Česko-slovenská federatívna republika'', to be explicitly codified by a future law on state symbols. This was met with general disapproval and another round of haggling, dubbed "the ]" (''pomlčková válka / vojna'') after Slovaks' wish to insert a ] into the name á la ], refused by aggrieved Czechs as too reminiscent of such practice during the "Second Republic" mutilated by the ] and slipping toward fascism and final dismemberment. The resultant compromise after much behind-the-scenes negotiation was the '''Czech and Slovak Federal Republic''' (Constitutional Law 101/1990, passed on 20 April and in force since its declaration on ]; unlike the previous one, it also explicitly listed both Czech and Slovak versions of the name and stated they were equal). | |||
| Note that the name breaks the rules of Czech and Slovak ] which does not use ] for proper names' second and further words (see above), nor adjectives derived from them. Thus the correct form would be "Česká a slovenská federat... republika" but Slovaks, having got a word of their own, refused to be deprived of a majuscule, while "Česká a Slovenská f. r." would imply a conjunction of two national republics, each having "federal" in its name; English-style capitalization of every word was adopted to hide this. | |||
| Few people were happy with the name, however it came into use quickly. Czecho-Slovak tensions, of which this was an early sign, soon became manifest in matters of greater immediate importance which made the country's name a comparatively minor issue and at the same time even more impossible to change, so it stayed until the final ]. | |||
| === Timeline === | |||
| {{Cs-timeline}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| ==External link== | |||
| * when adopting 81/1990 (in Czech and Slovak) | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 08:32, 12 December 2006
| Czech and Slovak Federal RepublicČeská a Slovenská Federativní Republika Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990–1992 | |||||||||||
Flag
Coat of arms of Czech and Slovakia
Coat of arms
| |||||||||||
| Motto: Veritas Vincit (Latin: "Truth prevails") | |||||||||||
| Anthem: Kde domov můj and Nad Tatrou sa blýska | |||||||||||
.png) | |||||||||||
| Capital | Prague | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Czech, Slovak | ||||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||
| • 1989-1992 | Václav Havel | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||
| • 1992 | Jan Stráský | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| • Federation established | April 23 1990 | ||||||||||
| • Federation dissolved | December 31 1992 | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| 1992 | 127,900 km (49,400 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
| • 1992 | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (Czech/Slovak: Česká a Slovenská Federativní / Federatívna Republika, ČSFR) was the official name of Czechoslovakia from April 1990 until December 31 1992, when the country was dissolved into Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.
Adoption of the name
After the Velvet Revolution discussions started on how to change the communist name of the state, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR).
While a return to the pre-1960 form Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic) seemed obvious, Slovak politicians objected that the traditional name subsumed Slovakia's equal stature too much. The first compromise was Constitutional Law 81/1990, which acknowledged the state's nature explicitly as Československá federativní republika (Czechoslovak Federal Republic) in Czech and was passed on 29 March 1990 (coming into force on the same day) only after an agreement on the Slovak form as Česko-slovenská federatívna republika, to be explicitly codified by a future law on state symbols. This was met with general disapproval and another round of haggling, dubbed "the hyphen war" (pomlčková válka / vojna) after Slovaks' wish to insert a hyphen into the name á la Czecho-Slovakia, refused by aggrieved Czechs as too reminiscent of such practice during the "Second Republic" mutilated by the Munich Agreement and slipping toward fascism and final dismemberment. The resultant compromise after much behind-the-scenes negotiation was the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (Constitutional Law 101/1990, passed on 20 April and in force since its declaration on 23 April; unlike the previous one, it also explicitly listed both Czech and Slovak versions of the name and stated they were equal).
Note that the name breaks the rules of Czech and Slovak orthography which does not use capitalization for proper names' second and further words (see above), nor adjectives derived from them. Thus the correct form would be "Česká a slovenská federat... republika" but Slovaks, having got a word of their own, refused to be deprived of a majuscule, while "Česká a Slovenská f. r." would imply a conjunction of two national republics, each having "federal" in its name; English-style capitalization of every word was adopted to hide this.
Few people were happy with the name, however it came into use quickly. Czecho-Slovak tensions, of which this was an early sign, soon became manifest in matters of greater immediate importance which made the country's name a comparatively minor issue and at the same time even more impossible to change, so it stayed until the final dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
Timeline
See also
External link
- Transcription of Federal Assembly proceeding when adopting 81/1990 (in Czech and Slovak)