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== Lede == |
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Over at ], we began a successful conversation about making a more coherent and well-sourced lede. One of the issues raised was that the lede over here is not very good or well-sourced either. So, now I would like to take on this. |
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As we discussed over there, there are basically two big definitions of "creationism" -- one is an older more theological definition and the other is a modern form of anti-scientific arguments meant to bolster particular religious beliefs (not just Abrahamic, mind you, as the term is increasingly used in reference to Hinduism and even Indigenous religions). I think we can achieve a better summary of this, but it also might require reworking some of this article as well. |
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I hope this gets the conversation started and we can workshop, successfully, a change to our lede. |
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] (]) 23:58, 11 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::At the risk of starting a conversation with myself, I reread the excellent introduction to the subject of creationism over at the SEM: . I think that I would like to start with a broad and a narrow definition and focus on the narrow. This might require a completely new "introductory" section. I leave it here for others to opine on this. ] (]) 12:44, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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===Broad versus narrow creationism resources=== |
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Aside from Numbers (already in the article), here are some possibly useful references: |
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* {{cite web | last=Ruse | first=Michael | title=Creationism |quote=First published Sat Aug 30, 2003; substantive revision Fri Sep 21, 2018 | website=] | year=2018 | url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/creationism/ | ref=harv | access-date=26 April 2019}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/intro/evolucrea-frame.html|title=Creationism|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2019-04-17}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/dealing-scientific-creationism/|title=Dealing With "Scientific" Creationism|website=American Humanist Association|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/creationevolution-continuum|title=The Creation/Evolution Continuum|website=NCSE|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Greener|first=Mark|date=2007-12|title=Taking on creationism. Which arguments and evidence counter pseudoscience?|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267227/|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=8|issue=12|pages=1107–1109|doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7401131|issn=1469-221X|pmc=PMCPMC2267227|pmid=18059309}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2009/02/04/overview-the-conflict-between-religion-and-evolution/|title=Overview: The Conflict Between Religion and Evolution {{!}} |last=Pew Research Center|city=Washington, D.C.|date=2009-02-04|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-19|last3=Inquiries|first3=DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 {{!}} Main202-419-4349 {{!}} Fax202-419-4372 {{!}} Media}} |
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] (]) 13:08, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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*{{cite book|ref=harv|first=Eugenie C. |last=Scott|title=Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAAlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=3 August 2009|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-26187-7|pages=57–75}} |
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::This broader overall definition, like Ruse and the NCSE continuum, includes mainstream religious acceptance of evolution – "special creation" draws the distinction between that and the anti-evolution which became commonly known as creationism in the 1960s, though the mainstream still has a claim to be creationist in a broad sense. . ], ] 19:38, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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====Scott (2009) broad and narrow definitions==== |
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creationism has a broad and a narrow definition. Broadly, creationism refers to the idea of creation by a supernatural force. To Christians, Jews, and Muslims, this supernatural force is God; to people of other religions, it is other deities. The creative power may be unlimited, like that of the Christian God, or it may be restricted to the ability to affect certain parts of nature, such as heavenly bodies or certain kinds of living things.<br>The term creationism to many people connotes the theological doctrine of special creationism: that God created the universe essentially as we see it today, and that this universe has not changed appreciably since that creation event. Special creationism includes the idea that God created living things in their present forms, and it reflects a literalist view of the Bible. It is most closely associated with the endeavour of "creation science," which includes the view that the universe is only 10,000 years old. But the most important aspect of special creation is the idea that things are created in their present forms. In intelligent design creationism, for example, God is specially required to create complex structures such as the bacterial flagellum or the body plans of animals of the Cambrian period, even though many if not most intelligent design proponents accept an ancient Earth.{{harv|Scott|2009|p=}} |
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::added by . .. ], ] 19:42, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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===Current wording and workshop=== |
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I am not a particularly big fan of this construction. I think we should stick with paragraph one being a definition, but then we should spend some time differentiating between narrow and broad definitions and break out to a little more global look (with nods towards things such as ], ], and ], perhaps). This would probably be a good thing to have an entire section on in the article. I think that paragraph two could do nicely to round-out a lede, but a bit more ] and less "listy". Finally, I think that paragraph three should likely be in the body rather than in the lede. ] (]) 17:17, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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:Thanks, fully agree – getting the broad and narrow definitions in at the start will be a great improvement, para 3. is wrong about "first use" as CD used the terms "creationist" and "creationists" in his . Ron Numbers has an interesting analysis of how the meaning of the term (and of "the ordinary view of creation") changed with time, so this needs coverage in the body text and a brief summary in the lede. . ], ] 19:55, 17 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::Etymology online has some interesting history of the term as well: . ] (]) 19:02, 18 April 2019 (UTC) |
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====Paragraph One: Definition==== |
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'''Creationism''' is the ] that the ] and ] originated "from specific acts of ]",<ref name="Gunn2004">], p. 9, "The ''Concise Oxford Dictionary'' says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'"</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=46aUBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA789&dq=Handbook+of+Evolutionary+Thinking+in+the+Sciences#v=onepage&q=881&f=false|title=Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences|last1=Brosseau|first1=Olivier|last2=Silberstein|first2=Marc|publisher=Springer|year=2015|isbn=9789401790147|editor-last1=Heams|editor-first1=Thomas|place=Dordrecht|pages=881–96|contribution=Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s)|ref=harv|editor-last2=Huneman|editor-first2=Philippe|editor-last3=Lecointre|editor-first3=Guillaume|editor-last4=Silberstein.|editor-first4=Marc}}</ref> as opposed to through natural processes, such as ].<ref name="OD_creationism">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/creationism?q=creationism|title=creationism: definition of creationism in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=]|location=Oxford|type=Definition|oclc=656668849|accessdate=2014-03-05|quote=The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.}}</ref> |
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;Reworking according to discussion below. |
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'''Creationism''' is the ] that the ] (particularly the ], ], ], and ]) was ].<ref name="Gunn2004">], p. 9, "The ''Concise Oxford Dictionary'' says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'"</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=46aUBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA789&dq=Handbook+of+Evolutionary+Thinking+in+the+Sciences#v=onepage&q=881&f=false|title=Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences|last1=Brosseau|first1=Olivier|last2=Silberstein|first2=Marc|publisher=Springer|year=2015|isbn=9789401790147|editor-last1=Heams|editor-first1=Thomas|place=Dordrecht|pages=881–96|contribution=Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s)|ref=harv|editor-last2=Huneman|editor-first2=Philippe|editor-last3=Lecointre|editor-first3=Guillaume|editor-last4=Silberstein.|editor-first4=Marc}}</ref> Creationism is often contrasted with and opposed to the ] explanations for the origins and development of the material world through natural processes, most famously ].<ref name="OD_creationism">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/creationism?q=creationism|title=creationism: definition of creationism in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=]|location=Oxford|type=Definition|oclc=656668849|accessdate=2014-03-05|quote=The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.}}</ref> |
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;Reworking including broader sense |
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'''Creationism''' is the ] that ], and aspects such as the ], ], ], and ], originated with ] acts of ].<ref name="Gunn2004">], p. 9, "The ''Concise Oxford Dictionary'' says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'"</ref> In a broad sense, this belief is held by all practitioners of ] faiths including the ], whose deity is ], beyond nature, and ], ready to intervene in the world.{{sfn | Ruse | 2018}} More specifically, creationism commonly refers to the doctrine of ] which holds that God created things in their present forms, and opposes ] explanations for the origins and development of the material world through natural processes such as ].{{sfn|Scott|2009|p=}}<ref name="OD_creationism">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/creationism?q=creationism|title=creationism: definition of creationism in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=]|location=Oxford|type=Definition|oclc=656668849|accessdate=2014-03-05|quote=The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.}}</ref> |
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=====Discussion===== |
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*Is the belief always religious? In fact, the connection to religion be it organized or otherwise is usually secondary in our sources perhaps because of the equivocation between the two different definitions. Indeed, the broader definition is somewhat ], but the narrower definition relies on any acceptance of creation myth interpretations that act as foundational and fundamental descriptions of the origins of various aspects of the material world. This could be part of one's religion, but it could simply be an acceptance of a literal mythology independent of a religion as well, in principle. ] (]) 16:01, 18 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::Scott's broad definition of "the idea of creation by a supernatural force" leaves that aside, the crucial point is supernatural creation. That's not uncommon in religions, theoretically the idea might be held without religion but we'd need a source discussing it. Either way, I think the religion issue is a bit of a distraction to the broad definition. . ], ] 18:34, 18 April 2019 (UTC) |
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:::Turns out that Jerry Coyne has written an analysis of this point. Coyne takes the side of those who argue that religion is ''the thing'' while he points to a lot of others who oppose his perspective as saying otherwise: . I think it may be important that we do not take explicit sides in this debate, though I think the people who identify religion as the proximate cause are likely correct. ] (]) 15:07, 19 April 2019 (UTC) |
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*Widespread use of the term ''creationism'' in its modern meaning only goes back to the 1970s, so think we could say that it's become associated with the theological doctrine of special creation. . . ], ] 18:34, 18 April 2019 (UTC) |
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**That seems reasonable. ] (]) 14:58, 19 April 2019 (UTC) |
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*The wording that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation" (quote marks in the original) looks rather too specific, for example ] specifically discusses the origin of the soul, ID can accommodate confining creation to specific complex features while accepting evolution of others. ], ] 18:34, 18 April 2019 (UTC) |
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**Yes, this seems problematic. I think we need to be more general. "Aspects of the ]" or something like that with specific reference to the most common ones: universe, Earth, life, and humans, for example? ] (]) 14:58, 19 April 2019 (UTC) |
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*'''Reworking including broader sense''' covers the wide and narrow senses in the first paragraph, and the second paragraph can then focus on the continuum: that ranges from the most literal forms of YEC, through OEC to theistic evolution. Theistic evolution itself covers a range of beliefs is both creationism in the broad sense, and overlaps with creationism in the narrower sense. More later! . . ], ] 15:18, 26 April 2019 (UTC) |
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**I think we need to say that special creation includes more than just the creation of living things. It also includes, for example, ] creation of distance astronomical objects. ] (]) 16:26, 26 April 2019 (UTC) |
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***Fair point, think it works to just say "holds that God created things in their present forms" as the ending relating to evolution implies life anyway. Was a bit unsure about including Ruse's point "whose deity is ], beyond nature, and ], ready to intervene in the world" but it gives extra context. . ], ] 17:21, 26 April 2019 (UTC) |
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====Paragraph Two: Provision for the creationist movement from anti-evolution (narrow definition)==== |
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Creationism covers a spectrum of views including ],{{citation needed|reason=We need a reliable source which explicitly says that creationism "covers" the evolutionary creationism and/or other views.|date=January 2019}} but the term is commonly used for ] creationists who reject various aspects of science, and instead promote ] beliefs.<ref name="Scott1999">{{cite journal|last=Scott|first=Eugenie C.|authorlink=Eugenie Scott|date=July–August 1999|title=The Creation/Evolution Continuum|url=http://ncse.com/creationism/general/creationevolution-continuum|journal=Reports of the National Center for Science Education|volume=19|issue=4|pages=16–17, 23–25|issn=2158-818X|accessdate=2014-03-14}}</ref><ref name="Stewart2009">], p. 168, "Some Christians, often called 'Young Earth creationists,' reject evolution in order to maintain a semi-literal interpretation of certain biblical passages. Other Christians, called 'progressive creationists,' accept the scientific evidence for some evolution over a long history of the earth, but also insist that God must have performed some miracles during that history to create new life-forms. ], as it is promoted in North America is a form of progressive creation. Still other Christians, called 'theistic evolutionists' or 'evolutionary creationists,' assert that the scientific theory of evolution and the religious beliefs of Christianity can both be true."</ref> Literal creationists base their beliefs on a ] reading of ], including the ] found in ] and the ].<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/science/03islam.html?_r=0|title=Creationism, Without a Young Earth, Emerges in the Islamic World|last1=Chang|first1=Kenneth|date=November 2, 2009|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Huffpo">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/usaama-alazami/muslims-and-evolution-in-the-21st-century-a-galileo-moment_b_2688895.html|title=Muslims and Evolution in the 21st Century: A Galileo Moment?|last=al-Azami|first=Usaama|date=2013-02-14|work=Huffington Post Religion Blog|accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Campbell_2006">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/21/religion.highereducation|title=Academics fight rise of creationism at universities|last=Campbell|first=Duncan|date=February 20, 2006|newspaper=]|accessdate=2010-04-07|publisher=]|location=London}}</ref> For ], these beliefs are based on a ] interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative and rejection of the ] of evolution.<ref name="Stewart2009" /> Literalist creationists believe that evolution cannot adequately account for the ], ], and ] of life on ].<ref name="Campbell_2006" /> |
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;Reworking |
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Creationism, it its broadest sense, includes a spectrum of views including ],<ref>{{harv|Scott|2009|p=}}</ref> but the term is commonly applied to believers in ] which demands that key aspects of material reality were created as they exist today by divine action. The most famous of these creationists are ] who believe in a ] interpretation of the ] found in the ]'s ]. These people distinguish themselves by rejecting certain aspects of ], and instead promote various ] beliefs.<ref name="Scott1999">{{cite journal|last=Scott|first=Eugenie C.|authorlink=Eugenie Scott|date=July–August 1999|title=The Creation/Evolution Continuum|url=http://ncse.com/creationism/general/creationevolution-continuum|journal=Reports of the National Center for Science Education|volume=19|issue=4|pages=16–17, 23–25|issn=2158-818X|accessdate=2014-03-14}}</ref><ref name="Stewart2009">], p. 168, "Some Christians, often called 'Young Earth creationists,' reject evolution in order to maintain a semi-literal interpretation of certain biblical passages. Other Christians, called 'progressive creationists,' accept the scientific evidence for some evolution over a long history of the earth, but also insist that God must have performed some miracles during that history to create new life-forms. ], as it is promoted in North America is a form of progressive creation. Still other Christians, called 'theistic evolutionists' or 'evolutionary creationists,' assert that the scientific theory of evolution and the religious beliefs of Christianity can both be true."</ref> The most visible creationists adhere either to ]<ref name="Stewart2009" /> or to ];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncse.com/creationism/general/what-is-intelligent-design-creationism|title=What is "Intelligent Design" Creationism?|date=2008-10-17|website=NCSE|language=en|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> both beliefs reject parts of the ] of evolution and have been the subject of ongoing ].<ref name="Campbell_2006">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/21/religion.highereducation|title=Academics fight rise of creationism at universities|last=Campbell|first=Duncan|date=February 20, 2006|newspaper=]|accessdate=2010-04-07|publisher=]|location=London}}</ref> Less prominently, there are also members of the ],<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/science/03islam.html?_r=0|title=Creationism, Without a Young Earth, Emerges in the Islamic World|last1=Chang|first1=Kenneth|date=November 2, 2009|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Huffpo">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/usaama-alazami/muslims-and-evolution-in-the-21st-century-a-galileo-moment_b_2688895.html|title=Muslims and Evolution in the 21st Century: A Galileo Moment?|last=al-Azami|first=Usaama|date=2013-02-14|work=Huffington Post Religion Blog|accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref> ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mom/groves.html|title=Creationism: The Hindu View|website=www.talkorigins.org|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref>, and ]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/22/science/indian-tribes-creationists-thwart-archeologists.html|title=Indian Tribes' Creationists Thwart Archeologists|last=Johnson|first=George|date=1996-10-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> faiths who are creationists. |
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;Reworking outlining types |
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Though the ] is not commonly misunderstood to be two opposing sides, creationism includes a wide variety of beliefs, some of which accept the reality of ], with multiple intermediate positions significantly contradicting each other. Christian creationism can be visualised as ranging along a spectrum of types grouped in relation to extent of ], the ], and explanations ranging from special creation to material evolution. <br>At the most literal extreme, creationist beliefs include ] and ]. In the 1970s, ] (YEC) became the commonest form, and was repackaged as ] with the aim of getting "equal time" for creation in public school science classes. Previously, since the late 18th century most educated people had accepted that ] showed an ancient Earth, and this was harmonized with the ]'s ] by ] and ] readings, as held by most of the ] whose ] succeeded in removing evolution from school textbooks. Most modern ] can be classed as ], accepting the sequence of life over geological time, but explaining it by multiple creation events. Going further, ] takes the theological position that God has active involvement in evolution and its proponents choose to be called creationist, while accepting evolutionary science. <br>In 1987, creation science ] to be religion and not science, and hence unconstitutional to teach in U.S. science classes, its arguments were repackaged as ] with Biblical references removed or played down. Other forms of ] have continued attempts to oppose science education about evolution.<br>Religion is reconciled with science by ], though this covers a wide range of positions about the extent to which God intervenes. Agnostic evolution takes no position on the existence of God, materialist evolution holds that the supernatural does not exist.<br>Creationism goes beyond Christianity, there are also members of the Hebrew, Islamic, Hindu,, and American Indian faiths who are creationists. |
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=====Discussion===== |
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Regarding the broad definition of creationism, what the "Scott 2009" source says is "{{tq|Broadly, creationism refers to the idea of creation by a supernatural force.}}", not "includes a spectrum of views including forms that accept the reality of biological evolution". --] (]) 16:22, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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:You're absolutely right. I mistook Dave's explanation above for the actual quote. I will go looking now for a source. ] (]) 17:51, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::Hi folks, ] above is a transcription to the best of my ability from of Scott's book. The broad definition is the first paragraph, as Matt points out, and the second paragraph gives narrower meanings. The "spectrum of views" bit is on pp. 61–75 which should be viewable from the same link. Citation on this talk page, , links to an updated version based on the 2009 book, and looks pretty much the same. Hope that clarifies things! . . ], ] 18:13, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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:::Thanks, Dave. Do you think that the wording is okay? It seems to me that there is some tension as to whether evolutionary creationism is strictly creationism or not, perhaps owing to a question as to whether there is any action being done that is "supernatural". ] (]) 18:23, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::::Thanks jps, the wording covers points but needs tightened, will try to come back on this. The "broad" issue is that even theistic evolution overlaps considerably with creationism and variants tend to require some supernatural intervention, there's a tendency to equate creationism with anti-evolution which can be misleading. The evolutionary creationism tag has been used (and I think still is used) by those who feel their beliefs are creationist, but accept evolution to a greater extent than hardline anti-evolutionists. Hence a continuum with the only clear divide being between YEC and OEC, and even that is spanned by various ID proponentsists. So Scott's continuum stands, can try to find again sources on evolutionary creationism. . . ], ] 19:19, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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As above, I think the broad and narrow issue works better in the first paragraph. The reference to Scott's continuum is outdated, worth changing it to {{cite web |author=] | title=The Creation/Evolution Continuum | website=] | date=13 February 2018 | url=https://ncse.com/library-resource/creationevolution-continuum | access-date=26 April 2019}} . . . ], ] 15:22, 26 April 2019 (UTC) |
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* To tie in with moving the broad and narrow issue to paragraph 1, I've drafted '''reworking outlining types''' above on the basis of continuum sources – this is ground the article should cover, looks rather long so expect will have to trim it. . . ], ] 14:27, 29 April 2019 (UTC) |
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::I think it important that we have a section on non-Christian cretaionists. ]'s ] comes to mind as deserving a mention. ] (]) 22:18, 4 May 2019 (UTC) |
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:::Yes, that should be a separate paragraph in the lead. It's covered in the article in ] and ], but Numbers (2006) gives a lot more detail and Prevalence doesn't seem to cover Asia, so update needed. To some extent it's exported from the US, but each religion has distinctive theology and creation accounts so rather complex. Didn't know Oktar/Yahya initially studied ID (Interior Design). . . ], ] 09:44, 5 May 2019 (UTC) |
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====Paragraph Three: First use of the term==== |
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The first use of the term "creationist" to describe a proponent of creationism is found in an 1856 letter of ] describing those who objected on religious grounds to the then-emerging science of ].<ref name="Darwin_letters_1856_1863">{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-1919|title=Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D.|last=Darwin|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Darwin|date=July 5, 1856|website=]|publisher=]|location=Cambridge, UK|id=Letter 1919|accessdate=2010-08-11}} |
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* {{cite web|url=http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-4196|title=Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa|last=Darwin|first=Charles|date=May 31, 1863|website=Darwin Correspondence Project|publisher=Cambridge University Library|location=Cambridge, UK|id=Letter 4196|accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> |
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======First use: history in progress====== |
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Just for information, using Ron Numbers' ''Darwinism Comes to America'' and online sources I've put together some information. Here's the basic framework, I can add sources shortly, or cut it back further: think this big picture is needed somewhere, an outline in this article would be good but it can get into a lot of detail! 20th century developments to follow. . ], ] 19:35, 23 April 2019 (UTC) |
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{{quote|In the 19th century, the term '']'' commonly referred to the doctrine that God directly created the soul for each baby, as opposed to other doctrines such as ] which held that souls were inherited through natural generation. |
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By then, ] were conventionally held to be individually created as fixed and unchangeable, geology found that the Earth was very ancient, and prehistoric species had gone extinct. The ] of 1814 allowed prehistoric time in a literal reading of Genesis, but the appearance of new species posed a mystery "which natural science cannot reach". |
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In his 1842 "pencil sketch" outlining ], Darwin set his theory against "the view ordinarily received" or held by "creationists", that all the species in the world had been "created by so many distinct acts of creation". |
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This view was unlikely to have been the long-superseded idea of ] that the offspring of created pairs of each species had spread out from one place. It was most likely to have been ]'s ] suggestion of "successive creation of species" in "centres or foci of creation" within migrating distance of each habitat (with "creation" being used by Lyell to imply an incomprehensible natural process). Another common doctrine was the ] view that the Earth was repeatedly depopulated, then complete new populations created to occupy each habitat. |
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Darwin used the term "creationist" in letters to his colleagues, and in a scientific paper published in 1862. His American friend ] wrote articles published by '']'' in 1873–1874 discussing the "special creationist" or "the specific creationist". In 1887 some of the letters were published in '']''. |
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In 1889 the '']'' defined Creationism as "The doctrine that matter and all things were created, substantially as they now exist, by the fiat of an omnipotent Creator, and not gradually evolved or developed : opposed to evolutionism." The entry is attributed to ], an opponent of creationism.}} |
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{{ref talk}} |
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== Semi-protected edit request on 25 April 2019 == |
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{{edit semi-protected|Creationism|answered=yes}} |
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Please delete any mention of myth because creationism is a theory. Please delete or change the first sentence under section "Christianity" because it is not true. Any believer in the Bible who does not adhere to Biblical teachings is obviously not a believer in the Bible. ] (]) 02:09, 25 April 2019 (UTC) |
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:Not done, please provide specific suggestions backed by academic sources. Biblical literalism is not a prerequisite for Christian belief. '''<span style="font-family: Arial;">] <small>]</small></span>''' 02:15, 25 April 2019 (UTC) |
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== Scientific methods and Mythology == |
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== Scientific methods and Mythology == |
With the following sentence;
"Creationism, in its broadest sense, includes a spectrum or continuum of religious views, some of which accept the reality of biological evolution; evolutionary creationism and varieties of theistic evolution reconcile their faith with modern science and hold that God purposefully created through the laws of nature."
The word reconcile does not fit here, because reconcile means "make (one account) consistent with another, especially by allowing for transactions begun but not yet completed."
The "purposeful creations of laws of nature" cannot be reconciled with the scientific method of experimentation and observation.
I would suggest changing it to this
Creationism, in its broadest sense, includes a spectrum or continuum of religious views, disillusioned some of which accept the reality of biological evolution; evolutionary creationism and varieties of theistic evolution attempt to unsuccessfully reconcile their faith with modern science and hold that God purposefully created through the laws of nature.--Eng. M.Bandara-Talk 07:41, 12 May 2019 (UTC)
Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America 23:30, 2 June 2019 (UTC)
In the following line in the article: "are compatible with a Christian fundamentalist literal interpretation of the creation myths found in the Bible's Genesis" the phrase "creation myth", by definition implies that creationism is a false idea. This is a biased statement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidDarden (talk • contribs) 19:22, 23 June 2019 (UTC)
Please remove reference to all instances of evolution being "scientific". Evolution is just as much an unprovable religious belief system (called atheism) as any creation hypothesis. Stating evolution as "scientific" is misleading at best and simply lying at worst. Let's keep Misplaced Pages a safe and informative platform and not one for spouting off religious dogma. Thank you. William.The.Honest (talk) 21:16, 7 January 2020 (UTC)
view · edit Frequently asked questions
Not done Plainly nonsense. Theroadislong (talk) 23:07, 7 January 2020 (UTC)