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The '''military ranks of the Soviet Union''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. From then the ] ] was abolished, as was the right of the ] to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. ] ranks were abolished in ] after the ], although ] has been largely adopted from the ] system. | The '''military ranks of the Soviet Union''' were those introduced after the ] of ]. From then the ] ] was abolished, as was the right of the ] to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. ] ranks were abolished in ] after the ], although ] has been largely adopted from the ] system. | ||
==Rank Table== | ==Rank Table== | ||
] | ] | ||
Chart shows ranks during the time before the ], circa ]-]. | |||
⚫ | {|class="prettytable" cellpadding=" |
||
⚫ | !width="20%" |Category | ||
⚫ | !width=" |
||
!Deck Ranks | |||
⚫ | {|class="prettytable" cellpadding="6" align="center" | ||
⚫ | !width="20%" |Category | ||
⚫ | !width="30%" |Soviet All-forces ranks<br>(Army, Militsiya) | ||
!Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks<br>(Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services) | |||
!Soviet Navy Ranks (Soviet Deck Ranks) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=" |
|rowspan="6" |<center>'''Supreme Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''General Officers'''<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>(''' |
|colspan="3"|<center>]<br>('''Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за''')<center> | ||
|- | |||
|<center>]<br>('''Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за''')<center> | |||
---- | |||
⚫ | <center>'''-'''<center> | ||
|<center>'''-'''<center> | |||
---- | |||
<center>]<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за''')<center> | ||
---- | |||
<center>'''-'''<center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>(''' |
|<center>]<br>('''Генера́л а́рмии''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of''' ]'''<br>(''Ма́ршал авиа́ции''')<br><center> ] '''or''' ] '''of branches'''<br>('''Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск''')<center><center> | |||
|<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center> | |<center>]<br> ('''адмира́л фло́та''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''адмира́л''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''ви́це-адмира́л''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''генера́л-майо́р''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''ко́нтр-адмира́л''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="3" |<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center> | |rowspan="3" |<center>'''Senior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Field Grade Officers'''<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''полко́вник''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''полко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''полко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center> | |<center>], 1st rank<br>('''капита́н 1-го ра́нга''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''подполко́вник''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''подполко́вник авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подполко́вник ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center> | |<center>], 2nd rank<br>('''капита́н 2-го р́анга''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''майо́р''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''майо́р авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''майо́р ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center> | |<center>], 3rd rank<br>('''капита́н 3-го р́анга''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="4" |<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center> | |rowspan="4" |<center>'''Junior Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Company Grade Officers'''<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''капита́н''')<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>('''капита́н |
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''капита́н авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>(капита́н ро́да во́йск''')<center> | ||
|<center>Captain-]<br>('''капита́н-лейтена́нт''')<center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center> | |<center>Senior ]<br>('''старший лейтенант''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''лейтена́нт''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center> | |<center>Junior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | ||
|<center>Junior ]<br>'''мла́дший лейтена́нт''')<center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan = " |
|rowspan = "3" |<center>'''Under-Officers'''<br> '''or'''<br> '''Master non-commissioned officers'''<center> | ||
|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center> | |<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик''')<center> | ||
|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center> | |<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший ми́чман''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''пра́порщик''')<center> | ||
|<center><center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''пра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''пра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''ми́чман''')<center> | ||
|- | |||
|<center>] ('''подпра́порщик''')<center> | |||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br> ('''подпра́порщик авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
⚫ | |<center>]<br> ('''бо́цман''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan = "4" |<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center> | |rowspan = "4" |<center>'''Sergeants'''<br> '''and'''<br> '''Petty Officers '''<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''старшина́''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''старшина́ авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''старшина́ ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>Chief Ship ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center> | |<center>Chief Ship ]<br>('''гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center> | |<center>Senior ]<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>Senior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Senior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center> | |<center>Chief ]<br>('''гла́вный старшина́''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''сержа́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center> | |<center>], 1st class<br>('''старшина́ 1-й статьи́''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center> | |<center>Junior ]<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт''')<center> | ||
|<center>Junior ] '''of aviation'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции''')<br>Junior ] '''of branches'''<br>('''мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
|<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center> | |<center>], 2nd class<br>('''старшина́ 2-й статьи́''')<center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan= "2" |<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center> | |rowspan= "2" |<center> '''Soldiers,<br> seamen,<br> airmen'''<center> | ||
|<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center> | |<center>]<br>('''ефре́йтор''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''ефре́йтор авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
⚫ | |<center> |
||
|<center>Senior ]<br> '''or''' ], ]<br>('''ста́рший матро́с''') '''или''' ('''ста́рший моря́к''')<center> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|<center>]<br>('''рядово́й''')<center> | |<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''рядово́й''') '''или''' ('''солдáт''')<center> | ||
|<center>] '''of aviation'''<br>('''рядово́й авиа́ции''')<br>] '''of branches'''<br>('''рядово́й ро́да во́йск''')<center> | |||
⚫ | |||
|<center>] '''or''' ], ]<br>('''матро́с''') '''или''' ('''моря́к''') <center> | |||
|} | |} | ||
{{ref|1}} | |||
== |
==History of Soviet Ranks== | ||
The ranks of ''] of an arm'' and ''Marshal of an arm'' were used in five Soviet military branches; these being the Air Force, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces, and Signal Forces. These ranks were established in ] and were both equivalent to ], although they maintained precedence between each other. | |||
The ] of ] cancelled the privileges of Russian nobility (]). The ] was abolished and so were the personal military ranks. The army and the navy has returned to a system of ''positional ranks'' that were acronyms of the full position names. For example, ''komdiv'' was an acronym of ''] Commander''; likewise ''kombat'' was ''] Commander'', etc. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day. | |||
The personal ranks were not reintroduced until ], and ] ranks were restored in May ]. The ranks were based on Russian Empire military ranks, although they underwent some modifications; the modified Imperial rank ] was reintroduced in ]. | |||
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under ] and holding '''Starshina''' (]) rank were reassigned to newly-created '''Praporshchik''' rank (not to be confused with similarly named ] rank of commissioned officers); ''starshina'' was reserved for conscripts only. | |||
The table of Soviet military ranks is in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation). | |||
==Notable ranks == | |||
=== ] === | |||
Was a rank acquired by ] in ] ] during ]. It has never been used since, and could be observed as a rank similar to ] or ]'s rank of ]. | |||
Two notable ranks during the era of the ] include that of ], along with ], which was a rank used by ] after ], ]. Other notable ranks include that of ] and that of the ]. | |||
== Rank insignia == | == Rank insignia == | ||
Line 93: | Line 139: | ||
*] | *] | ||
*] | *] | ||
*] | *] | ||
== |
== Notes == | ||
#{{note|U.S. Army}} ''US Army Field Manual 100-2-3 - The Soviet Army; Troops Organisation and Equipment.'' June 1991. | |||
== References == | |||
* | * | ||
* | * | ||
* | |||
* | * | ||
* | * | ||
* | * | ||
* | |||
* | |||
==External links== | |||
* "On military duty and military service" (in Russian) | |||
* "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank isnignia" (in Russian) | |||
* | |||
] | ] |
Revision as of 16:23, 13 December 2006
Soviet Armed Forces |
---|
Components |
Ranks of the Soviet Military |
History of the Soviet Military |
The military ranks of the Soviet Union were those introduced after the October Revolution of 1917. From then the Imperial Table of Ranks was abolished, as was the right of the pre Soviet nobility to acquire personal ranks or special rights assigned to them previously. Soviet ranks were abolished in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, although modern Russian military insignia has been largely adopted from the Soviet system.
Rank Table
Category | Soviet All-forces ranks (Army, Militsiya) |
Soviet Air Force and other Soviet military branches ranks (Space Troops, Artillery, Tank Forces, Engineer Forces and Signal Forces, Medical Service, Military Judicial Service, other Special and Technical Services) |
Soviet Navy Ranks (Soviet Deck Ranks) |
---|---|---|---|
or General Officers |
(Генерали́ссимус Сове́тского Сою́за) | ||
(Ма́ршал Совéтского Сою́за) |
(Гла́вный Ма́ршал Авиа́ции Совéтского Сою́за) Chief Marshal of branches (Гла́вный Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск) |
(Адмира́л Фло́та Совéтского Сою́за) | |
(Генера́л а́рмии) |
(Ма́ршал авиа́ции) (Ма́ршал или Генера́л ро́да во́йск) |
(адмира́л фло́та) | |
(генера́л-полко́вник) |
(генера́л-полко́вник авиа́ции) Polkovnik General of branches (генера́л-полко́вник ро́да во́йск) |
(адмира́л) | |
(генера́л-лейтена́нт) |
(генера́л-лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Lieutenant General of branches (генера́л-лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(ви́це-адмира́л) | |
(генера́л-майо́р) |
(генера́л-майо́р авиа́ции) Major General of branches (генера́л-майо́р ро́да во́йск) |
(ко́нтр-адмира́л) | |
or Field Grade Officers |
(полко́вник) |
(полко́вник авиа́ции) Polkovnik of branches (полко́вник ро́да во́йск) |
(капита́н 1-го ра́нга) |
(подполко́вник) |
(подполко́вник авиа́ции) Podpolkovnik of branches (подполко́вник ро́да во́йск) |
(капита́н 2-го р́анга) | |
(майо́р) |
(майо́р авиа́ции) Major of branches (майо́р ро́да во́йск) |
(капита́н 3-го р́анга) | |
or Company Grade Officers |
(капита́н) |
(капита́н авиа́ции) Captain of branches (капита́н ро́да во́йск) |
(капита́н-лейтена́нт) |
(ста́рший лейтена́нт) |
(ста́рший лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Senior Lieutenant of branches (ста́рший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(старший лейтенант) | |
(лейтена́нт) |
(лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Lieutenant of branches (лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(лейтена́нт) | |
(мла́дший лейтена́нт) |
(мла́дший лейтена́нт авиа́ции) Junior Lieutenant of branches (мла́дший лейтена́нт ро́да во́йск) |
мла́дший лейтена́нт) | |
or Master non-commissioned officers |
(ста́рший пра́порщик) |
(ста́рший пра́порщик авиа́ции) Senior Praporshchik of branches (ста́рший пра́порщик ро́да во́йск) |
(ста́рший ми́чман) |
(пра́порщик) |
(пра́порщик авиа́ции) Praporshchik of branches (пра́порщик ро́да во́йск) |
(ми́чман) | |
(подпра́порщик авиа́ции) Podpraporshchik of branches (подпра́порщик ро́да во́йск) |
(бо́цман) | ||
and Petty Officers |
(старшина́) |
(старшина́ авиа́ции) Starshina of branches (старшина́ ро́да во́йск) |
(гла́вный корабе́льный старшина́) |
(ста́рший сержа́нт) |
(ста́рший сержа́нт авиа́ции) Senior Sergeant of branches (ста́рший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(гла́вный старшина́) | |
(сержа́нт) |
(сержа́нт авиа́ции) Sergeant of branches (сержа́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(старшина́ 1-й статьи́) | |
(мла́дший сержа́нт) |
(мла́дший сержа́нт авиа́ции) Junior Sergeant of branches (мла́дший сержа́нт ро́да во́йск) |
(старшина́ 2-й статьи́) | |
seamen, airmen |
(ефре́йтор) |
(ефре́йтор авиа́ции) Gefreiter of branches (ефре́йтор ро́да во́йск) |
or Seaman, Sailor (ста́рший матро́с) или (ста́рший моря́к) |
(рядово́й) или (солдáт) |
(рядово́й авиа́ции) Private of branches (рядово́й ро́да во́йск) |
(матро́с) или (моря́к) |
History of Soviet Ranks
The October Revolution of 1917 cancelled the privileges of Russian nobility (Dvoryanstvo). The Table of Ranks was abolished and so were the personal military ranks. The army and the navy has returned to a system of positional ranks that were acronyms of the full position names. For example, komdiv was an acronym of Division Commander; likewise kombat was Battalion Commander, etc. These acronyms have survived as informal position names to the present day.
The personal ranks were not reintroduced until 1935, and General ranks were restored in May 1940. The ranks were based on Russian Empire military ranks, although they underwent some modifications; the modified Imperial rank insignia was reintroduced in 1943.
In the 1970s, the non-commissioned officers serving under contract and holding Starshina (Master Sergeant) rank were reassigned to newly-created Praporshchik rank (not to be confused with similarly named Russian Empire rank of commissioned officers); starshina was reserved for conscripts only.
The table of Soviet military ranks is in the section below (as they were the same as present military ranks of the Russian Federation).
Notable ranks
Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
Was a rank acquired by Stalin in June 1945 during World War II. It has never been used since, and could be observed as a rank similar to General of the Armies of the United States or North Korea's rank of Dae Wonsu.
Two notable ranks during the era of the Soviet Union include that of Marshal of the Soviet Union, along with Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, which was a rank used by Joseph Stalin after June 27, 1945. Other notable ranks include that of Chief Marshal and that of the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.
Rank insignia
Army
Navy
See also
- Air Force ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation
- Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation
- Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation
- Russian military ranks
Notes
References
- Military Ranks of the Soviet Union
- Military Ranks of the Workers and Peasants Red Army
- Military Ranks of Russia
- Anatomy of Army
- Sovietarmy ranks
- SOVIET MILITARIA
- Russian military
- Marshals of the Soviet Union
External links
- Federal Law No. 58-FZ from March 12, 1998 "On military duty and military service" (in Russian)
- Presidential Decree No. 531 from May 8, 2005 "On military uniform, rank insignia of the servicemen and state bodies' rank isnignia" (in Russian)
- Rank site