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| A ] for the kanun was recently proposed and applied to a Turkish kanun by ] and has been acclaimed by Turkish masters of the instrument. (''Yarman, O., Invited Speaker, "A Revolutionary and Comprehensive 79-tone Tuning for the Kanun", Kanun Circle 4, Yıldız Technical University Auditorium, ] ].'') | A ] for the kanun was recently proposed and applied to a Turkish kanun by ] and has been acclaimed by Turkish masters of the instrument. (''Yarman, O., Invited Speaker, "A Revolutionary and Comprehensive 79-tone Tuning for the Kanun", Kanun Circle 4, Yıldız Technical University Auditorium, ] ].'') | ||
| ] | |||
| The '''qanún''', '''kanun''' or '''kanon''' is a traditional zither-like instrument used throughout the Middle East. It has the shape of a flat trapezoidal wooden box with 25 to 30 triple courses of gut, nylon or silk strings fastened to the far right side, stretched over a single bridge poised perpendicularly on patches of animal (fish or cow) skin, and tuned diatonically by slanted pegs on the far left. | |||
| It is played on the lap by plucking the strings with horn or ]-shell plectra, one on each index finger, and usually has a range of three and a half ]s. | |||
| Slight changes in pitch are achieved via the manipulation of small metallic levers lying below each course of string called '''mandals'''. These small levers can be raised or lowered quickly on the fly to alter the vibrating lengths of the courses. | |||
| While Armenian kanuns employ half-tone mandals and Arabic qanuns quarter-tone mandals, typical Turkish kanuns divide the equal-tempered semitone of 100 ] into 6 equal parts, yielding 72 equal divisions of the octave. Some Turkish kanun makers may even choose to divide the semitone of the lower registers into 7 parts for microtonal subtlety at the expense of octave equivalances. Not all pitches of ] are available on the Turkish kanun, however, since kanun makers only affix mandals for intervals that are demanded in popular performance. Nevertheless, hundreds of mandal configurations are at the player's disposal when performing on an ordinary Turkish kanun. | |||
| Kanuns used in Turkey have 26 ] of strings and have a range of three and a half ]s, from A2 to E6. The dimensions of Turkish kanuns are typically 95 to 100 cm (37-39") long, 38 to 40 cm (15-16") wide and 4 to 6 cm (1.5-2.3") high.<ref> Technical specifications and structure of kanun </ref> | |||
| The kanun is a descendant of the old ] ], and is related to the ], ] and ] and its invention is attributed to Al-Farabi. | |||
| == Parts == | |||
| {| | |||
| |Gol ] | |||
| |Strings ] | |||
| |Damaqe ] | |||
| |Xarak ] | |||
| |Pust ] | |||
| |Gushi ] | |||
| |} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:20, 28 December 2006
- See also Kanun (disambiguation)
The qanún or kanun (Arabic qânûn, from Greek κανων 'measuring rod; rule' akin to καννα 'cane') is a string instrument found in Near Eastern traditional music based on Maqamat. It is basically a zither with a narrow trapezoidal soundboard. Nylon or PVC strings are stretched over a single bridge poised on fish-skins on one end, attached to tuning pegs at the other end.
Kanuns used in Turkey have 26 courses of strings, with three strings per course. It is played on the lap by plucking the strings with two tortoise-shell picks, one in each hand, or by the fingernails, and has a range of three and a half octaves, from A2 to E6. The dimensions of Turkish kanuns are typically 95 to 100 cm (37-39") long, 38 to 40 cm (15-16") wide and 4 to 6 cm (1.5-2.3") high.
The instrument also has special latches for each course, called mandals. These small levers, which can be raised or lowered quickly by the performer while the instrument is being played, serve to change the pitch of a particular course slightly by altering the string lengths.
While Armenian kanuns employ half-tones and Arabic qanuns quarter-tones, typical Turkish kanuns divide the equal-tempered semitone of 100 cents into 6 equal parts, yielding 72 equal divisions (or commas) of the octave. Not all pitches of 72-tone equal temperament are available on the Turkish kanun, however, since kanun makers only affix mandals for intervals that are demanded by performers. Some kanun makers choose to divide the semitone of the lower registers into 7 parts instead for microtonal subtlety at the expense of octave equivalances. Hundreds of mandal configurations are at the player's disposal when performing on an ordinary Turkish kanun.
The kanun is a descendant of the old Egyptian harp, and is related to the psaltery, dulcimer and zither. Among others, Ruhi Ayangil, Erol Deran, Halil Karaduman, and Begoña Olavide are present-day exponents of this instrument.
A 79-tone tuning for the kanun was recently proposed and applied to a Turkish kanun by Ozan Yarman and has been acclaimed by Turkish masters of the instrument. (Yarman, O., Invited Speaker, "A Revolutionary and Comprehensive 79-tone Tuning for the Kanun", Kanun Circle 4, Yıldız Technical University Auditorium, May 28 2006.)
The qanún, kanun or kanon is a traditional zither-like instrument used throughout the Middle East. It has the shape of a flat trapezoidal wooden box with 25 to 30 triple courses of gut, nylon or silk strings fastened to the far right side, stretched over a single bridge poised perpendicularly on patches of animal (fish or cow) skin, and tuned diatonically by slanted pegs on the far left.
It is played on the lap by plucking the strings with horn or tortoise-shell plectra, one on each index finger, and usually has a range of three and a half octaves.
Slight changes in pitch are achieved via the manipulation of small metallic levers lying below each course of string called mandals. These small levers can be raised or lowered quickly on the fly to alter the vibrating lengths of the courses.
While Armenian kanuns employ half-tone mandals and Arabic qanuns quarter-tone mandals, typical Turkish kanuns divide the equal-tempered semitone of 100 cents into 6 equal parts, yielding 72 equal divisions of the octave. Some Turkish kanun makers may even choose to divide the semitone of the lower registers into 7 parts for microtonal subtlety at the expense of octave equivalances. Not all pitches of 72-tone equal temperament are available on the Turkish kanun, however, since kanun makers only affix mandals for intervals that are demanded in popular performance. Nevertheless, hundreds of mandal configurations are at the player's disposal when performing on an ordinary Turkish kanun.
Kanuns used in Turkey have 26 courses of strings and have a range of three and a half octaves, from A2 to E6. The dimensions of Turkish kanuns are typically 95 to 100 cm (37-39") long, 38 to 40 cm (15-16") wide and 4 to 6 cm (1.5-2.3") high.
The kanun is a descendant of the old Egyptian harp, and is related to the psaltery, dulcimer and zither and its invention is attributed to Al-Farabi.
Parts
| Gol |
Strings |
Damaqe |
Xarak |
Pust |
Gushi |
References
External links
- Ruhi AYANGIL - AYANGIL TURKISH MUSIC ORCHESTRA AND CHORUS
- Qanún (table zither)
- 79-tone tuning for the kanun
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