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| {{short description|Religion}} | |||
| '''Criticism of Hinduism''' refers to the practices and beliefs held by ] which have been criticised both by Hindus and non-Hindus.{{source?|date=September 2020}} | |||
| ==Definitions and background== | |||
| {{expand section|date=September 2020}} | |||
| ==Social structure == | |||
| The caste system in India has frequently been criticised. The ] and ] has existed for centuries. It is described as a hierarchical, ] and closed system of castes that assigned people different classes in society. Hindu scriptures however state that the caste system is not hierarchical but based on the person's character, knowledge and work.<ref>"" by ] p. 19-20</ref> Caste-based identification is unique to Indian society<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Partha|title=The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Post-Colonial Histories|date=1993|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=New Jersey|isbn=0691019436|page=173|quote=If there was one institution that... centrally and essentially characterized the Indian society as radically different from the Western society, it was the institution of caste.}}</ref> and it is also found among ], ], ] and others.<ref name="brookings p.21">{{cite book|title=India: Emerging Power|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/India.html?id=sOTZqI5zREoC&hl=en |first=Stephen P.|last=Cohen|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8157-9839-2|page=21}}</ref>{{sfnp|Chaudhary|2013|p=149|ps=}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christian-caste |title=Christian caste-Indian Society |last=The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=The Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date= May 31, 2017}}</ref> Systems similar to the Indian caste system can be found in other parts of the world, like ] of ],<ref>], ''],'' Fourth Estate, London, 2010, pp 26-27.</ref> and ] of ] as well as the ].<ref>"China's New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society" by Daniel A. Bell, p. 186, quote = "From a liberal democratic perspective in other words, the hukou system is the functional equivalent of a caste system that marks a group of people as second-class citizens just because they were unlucky enough to be born in the countryside."</ref> | |||
| When the ] started to classify castes for the purpose of colonial administration, caste associations were secularised.<ref>"", by ], p. 450</ref> | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
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| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *{{Cite book|series= |last=Apte |first=Vaman Shivram |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary}} | |||
| *{{Cite book|series= |author=]|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=An Introduction to Hinduism|year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-43878-0 }} | |||
| *{{Cite book|series= |author=]|authorlink= |coauthors= |title=India: A History |year=2000 |publisher=Grove Press |location= |isbn=0-8021-3797-0 }} | |||
| {{Criticism of religion}} | |||
| {{Hindudharma}} | |||
| {{Hinduism-stub}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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