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| {{short description|Town in Slovakia}} | |||
| {{Infobox settlement | |||
| | name = Kremnica | |||
| | native_name = | |||
| | other_name = | |||
| | settlement_type = Town | |||
| <!-- images, nickname, motto --> | |||
| | image_skyline = Kremnica_v_zime.jpg | |||
| | image_caption = Winter in Kremnica | |||
| | image_flag = | |||
| | image_shield = Coa Slovakia Town Körmöcbánya.svg | |||
| | motto = | |||
| | nickname = | |||
| | etymology = | |||
| <!-- location --> | |||
| | subdivision_type = Country | |||
| | subdivision_name = {{SVK}} | |||
| | subdivision_type1 = | |||
| | subdivision_name1 = | |||
| | subdivision_type2 = Region | |||
| | subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type3 = District | |||
| | subdivision_name3 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type4 = | |||
| | subdivision_name4 = | |||
| <!-- maps and coordinates --> | |||
| | image_map = | |||
| | map_caption = | |||
| | pushpin_map = Slovakia Banská Bystrica Region#Slovakia | |||
| | pushpin_relief = 1 | |||
| | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kremnica in the ] | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|48|41|59|N|18|54|57|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | coordinates_footnotes = | |||
| <!-- government type, leaders --> | |||
| | leader_title = Mayor | |||
| | leader_name = Alexander Ferenčík | |||
| <!-- established --> | |||
| | established_title = First mentioned | |||
| | established_date = 1328 | |||
| <!-- area --> | |||
| | area_footnotes = | |||
| | area_total_km2 = 43.13 | |||
| | area_total_sq_mi = | |||
| | area_land_sq_mi = | |||
| | area_water_sq_mi = | |||
| <!-- elevation --> | |||
| | elevation_footnotes = | |||
| | elevation_m = 550 | |||
| | elevation_ft = | |||
| <!-- population --> | |||
| | population_as_of = 2018-12-31<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and migration |url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/indicators/|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic |access-date=2019-04-16}}</ref> | |||
| | population_footnotes = | |||
| | population_total = 5306 | |||
| | population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| | population_density_sq_mi= | |||
| | population_demonym = | |||
| <!-- time zone(s) --> | |||
| | timezone1 = ] | |||
| | utc_offset1 = +1 | |||
| | timezone1_DST = ] | |||
| | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | |||
| <!-- postal codes, area code --> | |||
| | postal_code_type = Postal code | |||
| | postal_code = 96701 | |||
| | area_code_type = | |||
| | area_code = +421-45 | |||
| | geocode = | |||
| | iso_code = | |||
| | blank_name = ] | |||
| | blank_info = ZH | |||
| <!-- website, footnotes --> | |||
| | website = | |||
| | footnotes = | |||
| }} | |||
| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. | |||
| '''Kremnica''' ({{Audio|Sk-Kremnica.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Kremnitz}}, {{lang-hu|Körmöcbánya}}) is a town in central ]. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important ] mines is the site of the oldest still-working ] in the world. | |||
| ==Name== | |||
| The name is derived from ] ''kremeň'', ''kremenina'' (]) with a feminine suffix ''-ica'', functioning to create local names.<ref name="stefanik-lukacka">Martin Štefánik - Ján Lukačka et al. 2010, Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku, Historický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 2010, pp. 503, 360, {{ISBN|978-80-89396-11-5}}. http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326010518/http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku |date=2017-03-26 }}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Kremnica was among the major ] towns of the world during the ] and in the ] due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the ]. However, the first evidence of sub-surface mining activities comes from the 9th century. | |||
| In the 13th century the inhabitants of this area were affected by the ]. Following that difficult period, ] kings invited new colonists from ] to settle in the region to help replenish the decimated population. Their innovative technology and knowledge restored the mining activities in the town. The first written reference to the town dates back to 1328, when it was granted royal ] by King ]. | |||
| The town's mint was already in existence at the time of the granting of royal privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint produced golden ] and later the famous "Kremnica ]s", which were used as an international means of payment as a result of their consistently high purity of gold. It was the most important mint, and later the only one, in the ], in ] and nowadays in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the town led to it being given the nickname "Golden Kremnica". | |||
| In 1331, Kremnica became the seat of the Chamber Count (''Kammergraf'') who was the head of the most important mining and minting chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Count administered all the mines and mints in twelve ] of the kingdom in the Middle Ages. | |||
| At the end of the 14th century, Kremnica became the capital of the mining towns in central ]. The steady annual production of gold and silver guaranteed the prosperous development of the town. In the 15th century Kreminca was the second most important city in the ]. The town was continuously being granted new privileges and the deputies of the town occupied the second place in the Hungarian Diet (the first place was reserved for the representatives of ], the capital of the Kingdom). | |||
| Gold mining and coin production in Kremnica culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most important centers of ] in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with ], ], ], ], ], and ]. In the 16th century, the town was a major centre of production of (mostly religious) medals, especially by ]. At the same time however, the miners had to dig deeper and deeper to reach new deposits and the mining conditions deteriorated because of underground water in the shafts. The cost of mining increased and the mining was becoming less profitable. The last gold was extracted in Kremnica in 1970, at which time all the mines were closed. The German population of the town and its surroundings was expelled in 1945 as the conequential punishment by former Czechoslovak government after the World War II. | |||
| ==Geography== | |||
| Kremnica lies at an altitude of {{convert|564|m|ft|0}} ] and covers an area of {{convert|43.136|km2|sqmi|1}}.<ref name="statistics">{{cite web|title=Municipal Statistics |publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak republic |url=http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html |access-date=2008-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223415/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html |archive-date=2008-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located in the ] on the brook ''Kremnický potok'', which is a tributary of the ] River. It is located around {{convert|20|km|mi|0}} west of ] (by line), {{convert|45|km|mi|0}} south of ] and around {{convert|175|km|mi|0}} from ]. | |||
| ==Main sights== | |||
| ] | |||
| The ] built in the 13th through 15th centuries towers over the town. In the first half of the 14th century, it became the residence of the Chamber Count. The town was immediately fortified with a double wall containing several bastions and towers. The castle represents a unique example of a very well preserved fortification system in Central Europe. In the 14th century, it developed into a multifunctional complex of buildings and thus became the centre of local administration, religious life, and defense. At the end of the 15th century, the Chamber Count moved to a newly built house with a unique ]. Thereafter the residence of the Count in the castle was converted into the ]'s Church. | |||
| Other sites of interest also include the Museum of Coins and Medals, the Museum of Skiing and a historical main square with a monumental ] ]. The ] Church of St. Catherine hosts the popular European ] Festival. A 20-km long ], built in the 15th century, is still working, supplying three hydroelectric power plants (one of them located 245 m below the ground). Forested mountains around the town offer plenty of opportunities for ] and ]. | |||
| The ] is claimed to be in the nearby village of ]. | |||
| ==Demographics== | |||
| Kremnica has a population of 5,528 (as of December 31, 2013). According to the 2001 ], 95.8% of inhabitants were ] and 1.2% ]. However, even among those identifying themselves as Slovaks many are descendants of the ], who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. The religious makeup was 64.9% ], 22.6% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.8% ].<ref name="statistics"/> | |||
| ==Famous people== | |||
| *], Slovak painter | |||
| *], composer, conductor and music teacher | |||
| *], politician and businessman | |||
| *], Slovak actor | |||
| *], race walker (representing Czechoslovakia and Slovakia) | |||
| *], violinist | |||
| *], race walker, Olympic gold medalist | |||
| ==Gallery== | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Kremnicky_zamok.jpg|Town castle | |||
| File:Kremnica.jpg|Main square | |||
| File:Kermnica_Town_Sq_2.JPG|Plague column | |||
| File:Kremnica pomnik SNP a Barbakan.jpg|Barbican | |||
| File:Kremnica 1729 Rothenfels.jpg|Kremnica, 1729 | |||
| File:Kremnica morovy stlp koruna detail.jpg|Detail of the plague column | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| {{Wide image|Kremnica-namestie-panorama.jpg|2000px|Main square}} | |||
| ==Twin towns — sister cities== | |||
| {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia}} | |||
| Kremnica is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerské mestá|url=https://www.kremnica.sk/partnerske-mesta/|website=kremnica.sk|publisher=Kremnica|language=sk|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref> | |||
| {{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
| *{{flagicon|ITA}} ], ] | |||
| *{{flagicon|GER}} ], ] | |||
| *{{flagicon|CZE}} ], ] | |||
| *{{flagicon|CZE}} ], ] | |||
| *{{flagicon|SVK}} ], ] | |||
| *{{flagicon|HUN}} ], ] | |||
| {{div col end}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| *{{Catholic}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{commons category}} | |||
| {{Wikivoyage}} | |||
| {{EB1911 Poster|Körmöczbánya}} | |||
| * {{in lang|sk}} | |||
| * | |||
| * - 3D models, panoramas, photographs and more | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * {{in lang|sk}} | |||
| {{Žiar nad Hronom District}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 00:48, 10 February 2021
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.