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==History== | ==History== | ||
The |
The Democratic Party traces its origin to the ] founded by ] in ]. The Democratic Party itself was formed from a faction of the Democratic-Republicans, led by ]. Following his defeat in ] despite having a majority of the popular vote, ] set about building a political coalition strong enough to defeat ] in the ]. The coalition that he built was the foundation of today's modern Democratic party. | ||
In the ], following the disintegration of the Whig Party, the Democratic Party became increasingly associated with the continuation and expansion of ], in opposition of the newly formed ]. Democrats in the northern states opposed this new trend, and at the 1860 nominating convention ''(see the ] of that year)'', the party was split and nominated two candidates. As a result, the Democrats went down in defeat - part of the chain of events leading up to the ]. After the war, the Democrats were a shattered party, but eventually gathered enough support to elect ] to two terms in the ]. | In the ], following the disintegration of the Whig Party, the southern wing of the Democratic Party became increasingly associated with the continuation and expansion of ], in opposition of the newly formed ]. Democrats in the northern states opposed this new trend, and at the 1860 nominating convention ''(see the ] of that year)'', the party was split and nominated two candidates. As a result, the Democrats went down in defeat - part of the chain of events leading up to the ]. After the war, the Democrats were a shattered party, but eventually gathered enough support to elect reform candidate ] to two terms in the ]. | ||
in ] the Democrats chose ] over Cleveland as their candidate, who then lost to ]. The Democrats did not regain the presidency until ] guided it to a ] platform in ]. The Republicans again took the lead in ] by championing ] regulatory policies. The stock market crash in ] and the ensuing ] set the stage for a more interventionist government and ] won a landslide election in ], campaigning on a platform of "relief, recovery, and reform". | |||
FDR's ] programs focused on job creation through public works projects as well as social welfare programs such as ]. The political coalition of labor unions, minorities, ], and southern whites (the ]) allowed the Democrats to control the government for much of the next 30 years, until the issue of ] divided the southern whites from the rest of the party (see ]). | |||
The Democrats' view on ] has evolved over the life of the party, which resulted in the Democrats' fall from dominance in the South. Up until the ], Southern Democrats were generally against any legislation governing civil rights, and the party machine in the south worked to disenfranchise African-American voters during the latter part of the ] and well into the ]. A division grew in the party between Southern Democrats and those in the rest of the nation (the Northeast and the West). This rift became acute in ], when ] (a Southern Democrat turned ]) ran against ] (a Midwestern Democrat running on a pro-civil rights platform) in the general election. It came to a head when ] (a Southerner) successfully pushed the ] through Congress. The ] wing of the party was furious, with ] leading the defection of these politicians to the ]. | |||
The political pendulum swung away from the Democrats with the election of Republican president ] in ]. By 1980 the country was ready for a change in political vision after a decade of poor economic performance and several embarrassments abroad including loss of the Vietnam War and the Iranian hostage crisis at the end of the ] presidency. Riding on Reagan's coattails, the Republican Party successfully positioned itself as the party of national strength, gaining 34 seats in the ] and gaining control of the ] for the first time since 1955. | |||
In the 1990s the Democratic Party re-invigorated itself by providing a successful roadmap to economic growth. Led by ], the Democrats championed a balanced federal budget and job growth through a strong economy. Labor unions, which had been steadily losing membership since the 1960s, found they had also lost political clout inside the Democratic Party: Clinton enacted the ] free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico over the strong objection of labor unions. | |||
Since the ] the Democrats have been faced with a new political challenge as the nation's focus has now changed to issues of national security and homeland defense. | |||
== Democratic Party Facts == | |||
On ], ] a political ] appearing in '']'' titled "A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by ], for the first time symbolizes the Democratic Party with a ]. | On ], ] a political ] appearing in '']'' titled "A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by ], for the first time symbolizes the Democratic Party with a ]. |
Revision as of 10:17, 8 June 2003
The Democratic Party is a United States political party. From 1833 to 1856, it was opposed chiefly by the Whig Party. From 1856 onward, it has been opposed chiefly by the Republican Party.
History
The Democratic Party traces its origin to the Democratic-Republican Party founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1793. The Democratic Party itself was formed from a faction of the Democratic-Republicans, led by Andrew Jackson. Following his defeat in the election of 1824 despite having a majority of the popular vote, Andrew Jackson set about building a political coalition strong enough to defeat John Quincy Adams in the election of 1828. The coalition that he built was the foundation of today's modern Democratic party.
In the 1850s, following the disintegration of the Whig Party, the southern wing of the Democratic Party became increasingly associated with the continuation and expansion of slavery, in opposition of the newly formed Republican Party. Democrats in the northern states opposed this new trend, and at the 1860 nominating convention (see the article on the election of that year), the party was split and nominated two candidates. As a result, the Democrats went down in defeat - part of the chain of events leading up to the Civil War. After the war, the Democrats were a shattered party, but eventually gathered enough support to elect reform candidate Grover Cleveland to two terms in the presidency.
in 1896 the Democrats chose William Jennings Bryan over Cleveland as their candidate, who then lost to William McKinley. The Democrats did not regain the presidency until Woodrow Wilson guided it to a Progressive platform in 1912. The Republicans again took the lead in 1920 by championing laissez-faire regulatory policies. The stock market crash in 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression set the stage for a more interventionist government and Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a landslide election in 1932, campaigning on a platform of "relief, recovery, and reform".
FDR's New Deal programs focused on job creation through public works projects as well as social welfare programs such as Social Security. The political coalition of labor unions, minorities, liberals, and southern whites (the New Deal Coalition) allowed the Democrats to control the government for much of the next 30 years, until the issue of civil rights divided the southern whites from the rest of the party (see Dixiecrat).
The political pendulum swung away from the Democrats with the election of Republican president Ronald Reagan in 1980. By 1980 the country was ready for a change in political vision after a decade of poor economic performance and several embarrassments abroad including loss of the Vietnam War and the Iranian hostage crisis at the end of the Carter presidency. Riding on Reagan's coattails, the Republican Party successfully positioned itself as the party of national strength, gaining 34 seats in the House and gaining control of the Senate for the first time since 1955.
In the 1990s the Democratic Party re-invigorated itself by providing a successful roadmap to economic growth. Led by Bill Clinton, the Democrats championed a balanced federal budget and job growth through a strong economy. Labor unions, which had been steadily losing membership since the 1960s, found they had also lost political clout inside the Democratic Party: Clinton enacted the NAFTA free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico over the strong objection of labor unions.
Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack the Democrats have been faced with a new political challenge as the nation's focus has now changed to issues of national security and homeland defense.
Democratic Party Facts
On January 15, 1870 a political cartoon appearing in Harper's Weekly titled "A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast, for the first time symbolizes the Democratic Party with a donkey.
Democratic Party Presidents:
- Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
- Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
- James Knox Polk (1845-1849)
- Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
- James Buchanan (1857-1861)
- Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)
- Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)
- Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945)
- Harry S Truman (1945-1953)
- John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
- Lyndon Johnson (1963-1969)
- Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
- Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
Presidential candidates:
- Andrew Jackson (Lost: 1824, Won: 1828, 1832)
- Martin Van Buren (Won: 1836, Lost: 1840)
- James Knox Polk (Won: 1844)
- Lewis Cass (Lost: 1848)
- Franklin Pierce (Won: 1852)
- James Buchanan (Won: 1856)
- John C. Breckinridge (Lost: 1860)
- George B. McClellan (Lost: 1864)
- Horatio Seymour (Lost: 1868)
- Horace Greeley (Lost: 1872)
- Samuel J. Tilden (Lost: 1876)
- Winfield S. Hancock (Lost: 1880)
- Grover Cleveland (Won: 1884, 1892, Lost: 1888)
- William Jennings Bryan (Lost: 1896, 1900, 1908)
- Alton B. Parker (Lost: 1904)
- Woodrow Wilson (Won: 1912, 1916)
- James M. Cox (Lost: 1920)
- John W. Davis (Lost: 1924)
- Alfred E. Smith (Lost: 1928)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (Won: 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944)
- Harry S Truman (Won: 1948)
- Adlai Stevenson (Lost: 1952, 1956)
- John F. Kennedy (Won: 1960)
- Lyndon Johnson (Won: 1964)
- Hubert H. Humphrey (Lost: 1968) (see also: 1968 Democratic National Convention)
- George McGovern (Lost: 1972)
- Jimmy Carter (Won: 1976, Lost: 1980)
- Walter F. Mondale (Lost: 1984)
- Michael S. Dukakis (Lost: 1988)
- Bill Clinton (Won: 1992, 1996)
- Al Gore (Lost: 2000)