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| '''Vilnija''' is an ]<ref name="Mudde">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Cas Mudde | coauthors = | title =Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | editor = | pages =151 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location =London | id =ISBN 0415355931 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA9-PA151&lpg=RA9-PA151&ots=wmhEhEojjt&sig=sJCh55Q77TuGYf4gfM5gbZm2DHg | format = | accessdate = }}</ref> ]<ref name="Zakorzenianie">{{en icon}} {{cite web | author=Karolina Bielenin, dr Jarosław Tomasiewicz | title=Polish Minority in Lithuania | publisher=Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Wielości Kultur | year= | work=zaKORZENIEnie | url=http://zakorzenianie.most.org.pl/english/04.htm | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Cieplak">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Paweł Cieplak | title=Polsko-litewskie stosunki (Polish-Lithuanian affairs) | publisher= | year= | work=Lithuanian Embassy in Warsaw | url=http://www.ambasada.lt/Default.asp?DL=P&TopicID=294 | accessdate=2007-01-13 }}</ref><ref name="Zuchowicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Katarzyna Zuchowicz | year = | month = | title =Pół wieku z polskim słowem (Half a Century With a Polish Word) | journal =] | volume = | issue =2003-07-16 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=5682&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-13 }}, cited on the official page of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref><ref name="Urbutis">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Vincas Urbutis | year = | month = | title =Debaty nad ustawą o języku (Debates on the Language Act) | journal =] | volume = | issue =2006-10-04 to 2006-10-07 | pages = | id = | url = | format = | accessdate =2007-01-13 }}, translated from Lithuanian original by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> ]n organization formed in 1988, whose aims was the ] of ] living in the Eastern part of ]. The organization was formed of ] and led by ]. Its beliefs, elaborated in a monograph by Garšva<ref name="Garszwa">{{lt icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors = | title =Pietryciu Lietuvos autonomijos klausimai (Questions on the Autonomy of South-Eastern Lithuania) | year =1990 | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Eksperimentines Technikos | location =Chicago | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>, were based on an assumption that Poles of what became a part of Lithuania in 1945 were in fact ] ] and that their ''true identity'' had been erased by years of foreign occupation<ref name="Budryte">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors = | title =Taming Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States | year =2005 | editor = | pages =147-148 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Ashgate Publishing | location =Aldershot | id =ISBN 0754637573 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=UJMzpeUHkQcC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&sig=s8BnP6xV4TGxoLbhZxJ1_9F8FFU#PPA148,M1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>. To counter that alleged situation, the organization proposed that they should be brought back to their Lithuanian roots by erasing any trace of alien (that is Polish or Russian) textbooks, teachers, symbols and traditions<ref name="Budryte"/>. The organization goal is also to counter perceived growing Polish influence in Lithuania, which Vilnija sees as a threat to that state.<ref name="Budryte"/> | |||
| {{Citecheck}} | |||
| The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999 it signed a petition defending ], the former head of Vilnius branch of ] (a ]n ]-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944)<ref name="Justice">{{en icon}} {{cite news |author = ] |url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1996/960626-302crm.htm |title = Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official |date = 1996-06-26 |accessdate = 2006-06-09}}</ref>, accused of ] and ] during the ].<ref name="Mudde"/> Vilnija has been known to often organize or support ] actions<ref name="Cieplak"/> and the quasi-academic works of its leader, ], have been very negatively received by Polish government<ref name="Media_1">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2005 | month =03 | title ="Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd. | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIV | issue =2539/3292 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4302&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Media_2">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2004 | month =09 | title =Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...) | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIII | issue =2409 (3162) | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4169&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref>, media <ref name="Tygodnik">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author = | year =2005 | month =November | title =Uknuli prowokację | journal =] | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.tygodnik.lt/200511/aktualia.html | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Mickiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Robert Mickiewicz | year =2005 | month =03 | title =Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji | journal =] | volume =62 | issue =15.03.2005 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Press-review">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=various authors | title=Press Review 2005-03-15 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland | year=2005 | work=Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage| url=http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | accessdate=2007-01-15 }}</ref>, and on occasion criticized by the Lithuanian government as well<ref name="Media_2"/>. | |||
| The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999 it, along side with others organizations, signed a petition defending ], the former head of Vilnius branch of ] (a ]n ]-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944)<ref name="Justice">{{en icon}} {{cite news |author = ] |url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1996/960626-302crm.htm |title = Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official |date = 1996-06-26 |accessdate = 2006-06-09}}</ref>, accused of ] and ] during the ].<ref name="Mudde"/>. Nevertheless Aleksandras Lileikis guilt was not proven by court. According to the Poles, Vilnija often organize or support ] actions<ref name="Cieplak"/> and the academic works of its leader, ], have been very negatively received by Polish government<ref name="Media_1">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2005 | month =03 | title ="Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd. | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIV | issue =2539/3292 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4302&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Media_2">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | year =2004 | month =09 | title =Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...) | journal =Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland) | volume =XIII | issue =2409 (3162) | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=4169&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=8&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2006-01-15 }}</ref>, media <ref name="Tygodnik">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author = | year =2005 | month =November | title =Uknuli prowokację | journal =] | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.tygodnik.lt/200511/aktualia.html | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Mickiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author =Robert Mickiewicz | year =2005 | month =03 | title =Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji | journal =] | volume =62 | issue =15.03.2005 | pages = | id = | url =http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | format = | accessdate =2007-01-15 }}</ref><ref name="Press-review">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=various authors | title=Press Review 2005-03-15 | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland | year=2005 | work=Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage| url=http://www.mfa.gov.pl/index.php?page=6122&lang_id=pl&bulletin_id=11&portlet=biuletyn%2Fpokaz | accessdate=2007-01-15 }}</ref>. | |||
| ==The conception of the "Vilnija"== | ==The conception of the "Vilnija"== | ||
| *About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the ] holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority. | *About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the ] holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority. | ||
| *About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania and particularly Vilnius region are proven{{Fact}} Vilnija stands upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles. | *About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania and particularly Vilnius region are proven{{Fact}} Vilnija stands upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles – it is considered to be an extremist<ref> Cas Mudde (2005). </ref> organization. | ||
| Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the ]. ] says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that ] administering ] apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools".<ref name="Delfi"> www.delfi.lt </ref> According to him the Lithuanian ] of ] with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian ] of ], but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish head teacher were assigned. The ] of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one. | Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the ]. ] says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that ] administering ] apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools".<ref name="Delfi"> www.delfi.lt </ref> According to him the Lithuanian ] of ] with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian ] of ], but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish head teacher were assigned. The ] of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one. | ||
| The counterarguments given represent different view, however:<ref> The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister www.delfi.lt </ref> by the decree of ] the ] of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the ] ] (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the ] in ] because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of ]). The head teacher assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first ] in 2004-2005. | The counterarguments given represent different view, however:<ref> The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister www.delfi.lt </ref> by the decree of ] the ] of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the ] ] (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the ] in ] because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of ]). The head teacher assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first ] in 2004-2005. | ||
Revision as of 01:34, 19 January 2007
Vilnija is an extremist nationalist Lithuanian organization formed in 1988, whose aims was the Lithuanization of ethnic Poles living in the Eastern part of Lithuania. The organization was formed of ethnic Lithuanians and led by Kazimieras Garšva. Its beliefs, elaborated in a monograph by Garšva, were based on an assumption that Poles of what became a part of Lithuania in 1945 were in fact Polonized Lithuanians and that their true identity had been erased by years of foreign occupation. To counter that alleged situation, the organization proposed that they should be brought back to their Lithuanian roots by erasing any trace of alien (that is Polish or Russian) textbooks, teachers, symbols and traditions. The organization goal is also to counter perceived growing Polish influence in Lithuania, which Vilnija sees as a threat to that state.
The organization is known for controversial actions and statements. In June 1999 it signed a petition defending Aleksandras Lileikis, the former head of Vilnius branch of Lithuanian Security Police (a Lithuanian Nazi-sponsored collaborationist police force that operated from 1941 to 1944), accused of extermination of Jews and collaboration with the Nazis during the Second World War. Vilnija has been known to often organize or support anti-Polish actions and the quasi-academic works of its leader, Kazimieras Garšva, have been very negatively received by Polish government, media , and on occasion criticized by the Lithuanian government as well.
The conception of the "Vilnija"
- About Polish autonomists in Vilnius. Vilnija stresses the activity of Polish autonomists who illegaly attempted to fix political autonomy of Poles in 1991, May 22, and says that these politicians are still in authority in the Election Action of Lithuania's Poles holding dictate in the districts with Polish majority.
- About Polonization of Vilnius region. As Polonization of Lithuania and particularly Vilnius region are proven Vilnija stands upon this and considers most Poles of Vilnius neighbourhood to be of multi-ethnic descent. For Vilnija goes further to politics – brings talking about modern-day Polonization and doesn't agree most Poles of Vilnius to be ethnic Poles – it is considered to be an extremist organization.
Vilnija accents nationalistic nature of the Election Action of Lithuania's Poles. Kazimieras Garšva says: "After the plan of the establishment, reorganization, liquidation and reformation of the internal structure of the schools to 2012 year, it can be seen that Election Action of Lithuania's Poles administering Vilnius district municipality apparently progresses to the programme of the further strengthening of the Polish schools and quick removal of the Lithuanian schools". According to him the Lithuanian primary school of Glitiškės with 28 pupils was attached not to the Lithuanian middle school of Glitiškės, but to the Polish school with 5 pupils and Polish head teacher were assigned. The middle school of Parudaminis with 46 pupils studying in Lithuanian and 46 in Polish was atached not to the Lithuanian school in Juodšiliai, but to the Polish one. The counterarguments given represent different view, however: by the decree of Vilnius district municipality the nursery school of Glitiškės (with Lithuanian and Polish languages) was attached to the Glitiškės primary school (with Lithuanian and Polish languages). There where no potential to have the school attached to the middle school in Glitiškės because of its subordination to other constitutor (the administraton of Vilnius County). The head teacher assigned was the only person having entered the competition. There were no request to study in Lithuanian in the first grade level in 2004-2005.
Notes and references
- In-line:
- ^ Template:En icon Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge (UK). p. 151. ISBN 0415355931.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Template:En icon Karolina Bielenin, dr Jarosław Tomasiewicz. "Polish Minority in Lithuania". zaKORZENIEnie. Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Wielości Kultur. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ Template:Pl icon Paweł Cieplak. "Polsko-litewskie stosunki (Polish-Lithuanian affairs)". Lithuanian Embassy in Warsaw. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- Template:Pl icon Katarzyna Zuchowicz. "Pół wieku z polskim słowem (Half a Century With a Polish Word)". Rzeczpospolita (2003-07-16). Retrieved 2007-01-13.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help), cited on the official page of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Template:Pl icon Vincas Urbutis. "Debaty nad ustawą o języku (Debates on the Language Act)". Lietuvos Aidas (2006-10-04 to 2006-10-07).
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help), translated from Lithuanian original by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Template:Lt icon Kazimieras Garšva (1990). Pietryciu Lietuvos autonomijos klausimai (Questions on the Autonomy of South-Eastern Lithuania). Chicago: Eksperimentines Technikos.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - ^ Template:En icon Dovile Budryte (2005). Taming Nationalism?: Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 147–148. ISBN 0754637573.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Template:En icon United States Department of Justice (1996-06-26). "Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official". Retrieved 2006-06-09.
- Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005). ""Armia Krajowa na Litwie - ślepa uliczka historii" - cd". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XIV (2539/3292). Retrieved 2006-01-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Template:Pl icon Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2004). "Dr Garsva - prezes nacjonalistycznego stowarzyszenia Vilnija (...)". Media zagraniczne o Polsce (Foreign Media on Poland). XIII (2409 (3162)). Retrieved 2006-01-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Template:Pl icon "Uknuli prowokację". Tygodnik Wileńszczyzny. 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Template:Pl icon Robert Mickiewicz (2005). "Antypolski film w litewskiej telewizji". Rzeczpospolita. 62 (15.03.2005). Retrieved 2007-01-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Template:Pl icon various authors (2005). "Press Review 2005-03-15". Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs homepage. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
- Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe
- The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister www.delfi.lt
- The problems of the schools of Vilnius region shouldered the minister id=10398981&com=1 The first commentary www.delfi.lt