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"Mohammad Ajam", alternatively known as “Muhammad al-Ajami" or "Ajam Muhammad”, was an Iranian singer who came to Baghdad during the Ottoman occupation. During the reign of Umar Pasha, he worked in politics until he reached the position of advisor and became the minister of Treasury. He later became the leader of a rebel movement against the Ottoman authority, where he was defeated. He fled to Iran, then Egypt where he died. A melody type or Arabic maqam called Ajam (maqam) is named after him.
Early life
He went to Baghdad during the reign of its Ottoman ruler, Omar Pasha. He was a handsome young man with an excellent voice and formed a music choir with his mother and sister. His sister danced and his mother played the tambourine while he sang. He soon became famous in Iraq.
Political career
Mohammad Ajam's choir and the group became famous in Baghdad as senior officials and notables came to it. He became a mediator and canceller for the people in their cases, receiving gifts, and became one of the closest to the state and its senior officials. After the killing of Omar Pasha, Mustafa Pasha assumed the governorship of Baghdad. Mohammad Ajam became the treasurer and advisor to the governor, the Sarai (palace) of the governor became the places of influence of Muhammad Ajam and his corrupt group of merchants so financial problem and immoral spread to the decision-maker . during the era of Abdullah Pasha, a corrupt person he acquired money from the treasury under the pretext of fighting the Persians in Basra .
His rebellion in Baqubah region
After the death of Abdullah Pasha in 1777 AD, the competition for power was hot between Mohammad Ajam and Ismail Agha al-Kahiya, and conflict arose between them, Baghdad neighborhoods divided between them where Al-Fadl, Mahdia, Al-Garaghoul, and Al-Midan district were a supporter of Muhammad Ajam, while the district of Bab al-Sheikh, Shorja city, as well as the Mamluks, were supporters to Ismael Agha. Finally the situation calmed down with the arrival of the new governor of Baghdad Hassan Pasha Karakukli with the decree of his mandate in all Iraq on 1778 AD. Muhammad Ajam fled to the suburbs of Diyala with the help of his friend Ahmed Agha, and from there they began blocking roads and raiding Baghdad after he had recruited with him more than ten thousand men who took control of large areas of Baqubah and all the adjacent regions.
Death
The people besieged the Sarai (governor office) and Governor Hassan Pasha Karakukli was forced to flee from Baghdad in 1779 AD. Suleiman the Great ruler of Basra then seized Baghdad and took over the ruling. He also attacked Diyala to eliminate Ajam's army, and was ultimately successful. Suleiman the Great became the ruler of Iraq. Ajam then fled to Iran and finally to Egypt where he died.
موسوعة تاريخ العراق بين احتلالين .علاقة إيران بالعراق
بغداد وحكامها / ح ٦ - عجم محمد 1/أكتوير 2015تشرین الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة
مطالع السعود بطيب أخبار الوالي داود , عثمان بن سند البصري , ص17
دوحة الوزراء, رسول الكركوكلي, ص159
تاريخ العراق بين احتلالين,عباس العزاوي, ج6, ص70-71
لمحات اجتماعية من تاريخ العراق الحديث, علي الوردي,ج1,ص62
Map showing Baqubah north of Baghdad
BaqubahBaqubah location within Iraq
Iraq
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