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{{About|the Royal Canal, the original name of the Dnieper–Bug Canal, in Belarus |the Royal Canal, located in Ireland|Royal Canal}} | ||
| {{Infobox canal | {{Infobox canal | ||
| |name = Dnieper–Bug Canal<br/><small>{{lang-be|Дняпроўска-Бугскі канал}}</small> | |name = Dnieper–Bug Canal<br/><small>{{lang-be|Дняпроўска-Бугскі канал}}</small> | ||
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| |navigation_authority = | |navigation_authority = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | {{ |
||
| ] | ] | ||
| The '''Dnieper–Bug Canal''' (alternatively the '''Dnepr-Bug Canal'''), or the '''Dneprovsko-Bugsky Canal''' is the longest inland ] in ]. It connects the ] (a tributary of the ]) and the ] (a tributary of the ]). |
The '''Dnieper–Bug Canal''' (alternatively the '''Dnepr-Bug Canal'''), or the '''Dneprovsko-Bugsky Canal''' is the longest inland ] in ]. It connects the ] (a tributary of the ]) and the ] (a tributary of the ]). | ||
| Originally the canal was named the '''Royal Canal''' ({{lang-pl|Kanał Królewski}}), after the ] ] ({{reign | 1764 | 1795}}), who initiated its construction. It forms an important part of the transportation artery linking the ] and the ]. The total length of the canal system from ] to ] is 196 km (122 mi), including the artificial waterway 105 km (65 mi) long. The canal system comprises: | Originally the canal was named the '''Royal Canal''' ({{lang-pl|Kanał Królewski}}), after the ] ] ({{reign | 1764 | 1795}}), who initiated its construction. It forms an important part of the transportation artery linking the ] and the ]. The total length of the canal system from ] to ] is 196 km (122 mi), including the artificial waterway 105 km (65 mi) long. The canal system comprises: | ||
| * the western slope from ] to ] | * the western slope from ] to ] | ||
| * a 64 km (40 mi) stretch of the ] River with regulated water-level | * a 64 km (40 mi) stretch of the ] River with regulated water-level | ||
| * a 58 km (36 mi) summit ] | * a 58 km (36 mi) summit ] | ||
| * the eastern slope, 47 km (29 mi) stretch of the canal | * the eastern slope, 47 km (29 mi) stretch of the canal | ||
| * a 27 km (17 mi) stretch of the ] with regulated water-level | * a 27 km (17 mi) stretch of the ] with regulated water-level | ||
| The ] of the canal system totals 8,500 |
The ] of the canal system totals 8,500 km² (3,300 mi²).<ref name=univ_1>{{Citation | ||
| | title= Belarusian Polesye: Tourist Transeuropean Water Mains | | title= Belarusian Polesye: Tourist Transeuropean Water Mains | ||
| | last= Meshechko |first= Ye.N. | | last= Meshechko |first= Ye.N. | ||
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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| === Origins === | === Origins === | ||
| Canal building flourished in the ] in the late 18th century. Yet many of the early canals are no longer in active service, having been superseded by railroads and highways. The Dnieper–Bug Canal after several enlargements is still providing a convenient inland waterway. Until the 18th century there was a ] between ] and ] as it was a part of the important long-distance ] from the ] to the ]. The names of the Voloka River and the village of Mukhovloki near ] reflect the existence of the ancient portage.<ref name=tat_1>{{Citation|title=POLESYE from the Bug to the Ubort |last=Khvagina |first=T.A. |year=2005 |publisher= ] |location=Minsk |isbn=985-06-1153-7}}</ref> People settled along the ] route since ancient times (]). |
Canal building flourished in the ] in the late 18th century. Yet many of the early canals are no longer in active service, having been superseded by railroads and highways. The Dnieper–Bug Canal after several enlargements is still providing a convenient inland waterway. Until the 18th century there was a ] between ] and ] as it was a part of the important long-distance ] from the ] to the ]. The names of the Voloka River and the village of Mukhovloki near ] reflect the existence of the ancient portage.<ref name=tat_1>{{Citation|title=POLESYE from the Bug to the Ubort |last=Khvagina |first=T.A. |year=2005 |publisher= ] |location=Minsk |isbn=985-06-1153-7}}</ref> People settled along the ] route since ancient times (]). | ||
| === Proposal and design === | === Proposal and design === | ||
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| === Reconstruction === | === Reconstruction === | ||
| During the 1920s, it was partly rebuilt anew for the ] ({{lang-pl|Flotylla Rzeczna Marynarki Wojennej}}), better known as the ''Pinsk Flotilla''. The Flotilla was the inland branch of the ] operating in the area of the ] between the ] and ]. During the 1920s, two locks were built. |
During the 1920s, it was partly rebuilt anew for the ] ({{lang-pl|Flotylla Rzeczna Marynarki Wojennej}}), better known as the ''Pinsk Flotilla''. The Flotilla was the inland branch of the ] operating in the area of the ] between the ] and ]. During the 1920s, two locks were built. | ||
| In 1940, the Soviet authorities initiated a large-scale reconstruction of the canal. A 23 km (14 mi) long stretch of the canal was built near ] to straighten the old canal. Eight locks were built replacing movable ]s. | In 1940, the Soviet authorities initiated a large-scale reconstruction of the canal. A 23 km (14 mi) long stretch of the canal was built near ] to straighten the old canal. Eight locks were built replacing movable ]s. | ||
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| === Decline and renewal === | === Decline and renewal === | ||
| Recently the dam in the Bug, making it impossible for ships to pass, has led to a considerable neglect of the most western part of the Mukhavets; some of the locks have been filled in and Brest Harbor can only be reached by vessels approaching from the east.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.noordersoft.com/ | title=NoorderSoft Waterways Database | publisher=NoorderSoft | work=PC-Navigo 2011 | year=2011 | |
Recently the dam in the Bug, making it impossible for ships to pass, has led to a considerable neglect of the most western part of the Mukhavets; some of the locks have been filled in and Brest Harbor can only be reached by vessels approaching from the east.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.noordersoft.com/ | title=NoorderSoft Waterways Database | publisher=NoorderSoft | work=PC-Navigo 2011 | year=2011 | access-date=May 2, 2011}}</ref> | ||
| More recently efforts have been undertaken to restore the canal to a class IV inland waterway of international importance. In 2003 the Government of the Republic of Belarus adopted the inland water transport and sea transport development program to rebuild the Dnieper–Bug Canal shipping locks to meet the standards of a class Va European waterway. According to the Belarus government (see report below), four sluice dams and one shipping lock have been rebuilt which allow for the passage of vessels 110 meters (361 ft) long, 12 meters (39 ft) wide with a draught of 2.2 meters (7 ft). It is expected that reconstruction will continue over the next few years. | More recently efforts have been undertaken to restore the canal to a class IV inland waterway of international importance. In 2003 the Government of the Republic of Belarus adopted the inland water transport and sea transport development program to rebuild the Dnieper–Bug Canal shipping locks to meet the standards of a class Va European waterway. According to the Belarus government (see report below), four sluice dams and one shipping lock have been rebuilt which allow for the passage of vessels 110 meters (361 ft) long, 12 meters (39 ft) wide with a draught of 2.2 meters (7 ft). It is expected that reconstruction will continue over the next few years. | ||
| ==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| ⚫ | {{Commons category|Dnieper–Bug Canal}} | ||
| * {{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | * {{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| {{ |
{{Coord|52|03|26|N|25|39|06|E|region:BY-BR_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Dnieper-Bug Canal}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Dnieper-Bug Canal}} | ||
Revision as of 15:38, 20 April 2021
This article is about the Royal Canal, the original name of the Dnieper–Bug Canal, in Belarus. For the Royal Canal, located in Ireland, see Royal Canal.| Dnieper–Bug Canal Template:Lang-be | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 105 km (65 miles) |
| Locks | 20 |
| Status | Open |
| History | |
| Construction began | 1775 |
| Date completed | 1784 |
| Geography | |
| Start point | Bug River near Brest, Belarus |
| End point | Pripyat River near Sapotskin, Belarus |
The Dnieper–Bug Canal (alternatively the Dnepr-Bug Canal), or the Dneprovsko-Bugsky Canal is the longest inland ship canal in Belarus. It connects the Mukhavets River (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Pina River (a tributary of the Pripyat River).
Originally the canal was named the Royal Canal (Template:Lang-pl), after the King of Poland Stanisław August Poniatowski (r. 1764–1795), who initiated its construction. It forms an important part of the transportation artery linking the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. The total length of the canal system from Brest to Pinsk is 196 km (122 mi), including the artificial waterway 105 km (65 mi) long. The canal system comprises:
- the western slope from Brest to Kobrin
- a 64 km (40 mi) stretch of the Mukhavets River with regulated water-level
- a 58 km (36 mi) summit pound
- the eastern slope, 47 km (29 mi) stretch of the canal
- a 27 km (17 mi) stretch of the Pina River with regulated water-level
The drainage area of the canal system totals 8,500 km² (3,300 mi²).
History
Origins
Canal building flourished in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 18th century. Yet many of the early canals are no longer in active service, having been superseded by railroads and highways. The Dnieper–Bug Canal after several enlargements is still providing a convenient inland waterway. Until the 18th century there was a portage between Kobrin and Pinsk as it was a part of the important long-distance trade route from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea. The names of the Voloka River and the village of Mukhovloki near Kobrin reflect the existence of the ancient portage. People settled along the portage route since ancient times (Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks).
Proposal and design
In the mid-17th century, Jerzy Ossoliński, Crown Court Treasurer of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was the first to suggest the idea of upgrading the portage to a canal with locks. Yet the work started only 120 years later. In 1770, the canal was planned by the prominent cartographer Franciszek Florian Czaki.
Construction and operation
The canal was built in 1775-1784 during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Originally it was named Kanał Królewski (Template:Lang-en), after the Polish king, since he was the initiator of the project. Additional work was carried out starting in 1837 by the Russian Empire and completed around 1846-1848. To supply the canal system with water, mainly the canal pound, Beloozerski and Orekhovski watercourses were started in 1839 and completed in 1843. The number of movable weirs between Brest and Pinsk reached 22. As a result, the canal became navigable for bigger vessels, steamers at any time from spring till autumn. In 1847, the Kanał Królewski was renamed the Dneprovo-Bugski Canal.
Decline and abandonment
After the construction of the railway along the canal in the late 19th century the canal was used mostly for rafting lumber, exported to western countries. During World War I, the canal was not in use.
Reconstruction
During the 1920s, it was partly rebuilt anew for the Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy (Template:Lang-pl), better known as the Pinsk Flotilla. The Flotilla was the inland branch of the Polish Navy operating in the area of the Pinsk Marshes between the Polish-Bolshevik War and World War II. During the 1920s, two locks were built.
In 1940, the Soviet authorities initiated a large-scale reconstruction of the canal. A 23 km (14 mi) long stretch of the canal was built near Kobrin to straighten the old canal. Eight locks were built replacing movable weirs.
Navigation on the Dnieper–Bug Canal is interrupted by weirs on the rivers Mukhavets and Bug near Brest, Belarus, the border town. That is the only place that makes impossible, for the time being, the navigation from Western Europe to Belarus and Ukraine through inland waterways. The waterways from the German-Polish border (Oder River, through the Warta, Brda and Noteć rivers, Bydgoszcz Canal, Vistula River, Narew River, Bug River) once used to link the Belarus and Ukrainian inland waterways via Mukhavets River, Dnieper–Bug Canal, Pripyat River and Dnieper River), thus connecting north-western Europe with the Black Sea.
Decline and renewal
Recently the dam in the Bug, making it impossible for ships to pass, has led to a considerable neglect of the most western part of the Mukhavets; some of the locks have been filled in and Brest Harbor can only be reached by vessels approaching from the east.
More recently efforts have been undertaken to restore the canal to a class IV inland waterway of international importance. In 2003 the Government of the Republic of Belarus adopted the inland water transport and sea transport development program to rebuild the Dnieper–Bug Canal shipping locks to meet the standards of a class Va European waterway. According to the Belarus government (see report below), four sluice dams and one shipping lock have been rebuilt which allow for the passage of vessels 110 meters (361 ft) long, 12 meters (39 ft) wide with a draught of 2.2 meters (7 ft). It is expected that reconstruction will continue over the next few years.
Footnotes
- ^ Meshechko, Ye.N.; Gorbatsky, A.A. (2005), Belarusian Polesye: Tourist Transeuropean Water Mains, Minsk: Four Quarters
- ^ Khvagina, T.A. (2005), POLESYE from the Bug to the Ubort, Minsk: Vysheysha shkola, ISBN 985-06-1153-7
- "NoorderSoft Waterways Database". PC-Navigo 2011. NoorderSoft. 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
External links
- Report regarding rebuilding Canal Archived version
- 2008 report on the canal
- website in Russian of the company that operates the canal
52°03′26″N 25°39′06″E / 52.05722°N 25.65167°E / 52.05722; 25.65167
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