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BW Group Limited

Company type	Private
Industry	Shipping
Founded	1955 (1955)
Founder	Yue-Kong Pao
Headquarters	Singapore and Oslo
Area served	Global
Key people	Chairman: Andreas Sohmen-Pao
Number of employees	9,000 (2020)
Website	www.bw-group.com

BW Group is a leading global maritime company involved in shipping, floating infrastructure, deep-water oil & gas production, and new sustainable technologies. The company controls a fleet of over 420 vessels transporting oil, gas, and dry commodities, managed by an international team of over 9000 staff worldwide. The group was founded by Sir Yue-Kong Pao in Hong Kong in 1955 as World-Wide Shipping. In 2003, the company acquired Bergesen d.y. ASA, Norway's largest shipping company, which was founded in 1935 by Sigval Bergesen the Younger. In 2005, the business was re-branded as BW. With its LNG and LPG fleets combined, BW Group owns and operates the world's largest gas shipping fleet of 190 gas vessels, including five FSRUs (floating storage and regasification units). Hafnia, a member of the BW Group, operates the world's largest fleet of oil product tankers, and BW Offshore comprises the second largest number of floating oil and gas production units (FPSOs). In the renewables space, the group has investments in solar, wind, batteries, biofuels, and water treatment.

BW Group currently comprises BW LNG, BW LPG, BW Epic Kosan, BW Offshore, BW Energy, BW Dry Cargo, BW Solar, Hafnia, DHT, Navigator Gas, and Cadeler.

Overview

BW Group is built on the foundations of two long-standing shipping businesses: World-Wide Shipping (founded by Sir Yue-Kong Pao) and Bergesen d.y., which was acquired by World-Wide in 2003.

In the late 1970s, two British Hongs were taken over by Chinese entrepreneurs: Hutchison Whampoa Ltd by Li Ka-Shing, and Kowloon Wharf by Sir Yue-Kong Pao. Sir Y.K. Pao was a native from Ningbo, Zhejiang province who came to Hong Kong in 1949 and acquired an aging ship to establish the Worldwide Shipping Company in 1955. At its peak in 1979, World-Wide had 204 ships totaling 20,500,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT). When the shipping downturn started in 1978, World-Wide sold tonnage while prices were still reasonable, paying off debt and building cash resources. In less than five years the fleet had halved in size, allowing World-Wide to avoid the crises suffered by many shipping companies.

In 1989, Pao passed on his interest in World-Wide to his eldest daughter, Anna Sohmen-Pao, shortly before his death in 1991. World-Wide was ranked as the sixth largest shipping fleet (number of vessels) in the world in 2004 and has been chaired by Helmut Sohmen, Pao's eldest daughter's husband, since 1986.

In late 2000, following a period of stake building starting in Bergesen d.y., the Sohmen family came to an agreement in March 2003 with Morten Bergesen and Petter Sundt, the controlling family shareholders, to buy their interest in Bergesen and mount a full public offering for all outstanding shares.

In 2004, following completion of this transaction, there was a reorganisation of the Sohmen family interests, with the creation of a new top holding company, Bergesen Worldwide Ltd., registered in Bermuda, which is owned 93% by the Sohmen family and 7% by HSBC. The holding company was subsequently renamed BW Group Limited.

In 2005, a further re-organisation took place, accompanied by the re-branding of the business under a single group brand, BW. BW Gas was listed in Oslo in October 2005 as a pure gas shipping company with BW Group retaining a majority share. BW Offshore followed suit by being listed in May 2006. The other assets remain in private ownership.

In 2009, BW Gas was privatised. On 21 November 2013, the LPG business was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange as BW LPG.

History

Background

BW Group is made up of two long-standing shipping businesses: World-Wide Shipping and Bergesen d.y. ASA, which was acquired by the former in 2003. To reflect this acquisition, a new holding company, Bergesen Worldwide Ltd. was incorporated in Bermuda. In 2005, the business was re-branded as BW.

World-Wide Shipping's beginnings

Sir Yue-Kong Pao (more commonly known as Sir Y.K. Pao) started World-Wide Steamship Company Limited with his father S.L. Pao, brother H.K. Pao and friends C.L. Pan, P.C. Lee, T.H. Chiang, A.P.Y. Waung, W.S. Cheng and Y.S. Zee. The new company was incorporated in Hong Kong in July 1955. The company's first ship Inchona, a 27-year old coal-burning steamer, was renamed Golden Alpha. Several other ships were quickly added to the fleet and were chartered by Japanese and Hong Kong companies. It was a decision that other ship-owners deemed unusual and risky although it soon paid off. In 1956 freight charges rose rapidly due to the closure of the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis. Over the years, the company's fleet grew and by 1979 it had over 200 vessels and group tonnage of 20.5 million DWT, making it larger than the US and Soviet merchant fleets combined.

World-Wide's entry into tanker market and oil crises

During the 1960s, Sir Y.K. Pao was determined to enter the tanker market. However, his lack of experience meant oil companies refused to charter his vessels. He was rejected by Shell Oil and various American oil companies. Nonetheless, he managed to break into the market by acquiring a second-hand tanker that came attached with a charter. The tanker, renamed World Oriental, was soon joined by World Continental and World Universal. Pao continued approaching potential customers and then Standard Oil-Esso eventually gave him a chance. By 1964, Pao had nine tankers that were chartered by oil companies. The company's first very large crude carrier (VLCC) was constructed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and named World Chief in 1969. Another 42 VLCCs were added to the fleet between 1970 and 1974 and most were constructed in Japan. World-Wide survived the first oil crisis as it had reliable charterers for its vessels. However, the company had to implement drastic measures to survive the second oil crisis. Anna Pao's husband, Dr. Helmut Sohmen convinced Pao of the severity of the crisis. The founder then promptly sold 140 ships within five years. The timely sales ensured that World-Wide Shipping was in a much better state than its competitors after the crisis as it was in a better position to cope with the increasing popularity of voyage charters and low freight costs.

Change of leadership

Sir Y.K. Pao retired in 1986 and Dr. Helmut Sohmen, who joined the company in 1970, took over. As shipyards were in a dismal state after the crisis and eager for new orders at low prices, World-Wide Shipping purchased six tankers from Hyundai Heavy Industries and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering before the market recovered and in time to enjoy the higher freight rates during the First Gulf War. World-Wide Shipping again commissioned Daewoo to build another six VLCCs and Daewoo would go on to be the main builder of World-Wide's ships.

Acquisition of Bergesen d.y. ASA

By 2000, Dr. Helmut Sohmen had identified two companies, Bergesen d.y. ASA and Iino Kaiun Kaisha, which had good management and assets. However, the share prices of both companies did not appear to wholly capture the value of the companies. The Sohmen family's investment management team began investing in both companies and continued stake building for two years. Although Sohmen had conveyed his friendly intentions, Iino's management sought to maintain the status quo and did not want World-Wide to hold more shares than the largest shareholder. Respecting Iino's wishes, World-Wide called off the plan and sold off its shares at a profit. Bergesen cousins Morten Bergesen and Petter C. G. Sundt, grandchildren of founder Sigval Bergesen d.y., reacted more positively. They were firm that any offer for their shares would have to be extended to all other shareholders as well. By March 2003 the cousins had accepted World-Wide's offer. World-Wide then mounted a public offer and accumulated over 90% of the shares. The acquisition received considerable media attention as Bergesen was both Norway's largest shipping company and also one of its best. Both groups achieved a high degree of cooperation and continuity and a new holding company, Bergesen Worldwide Ltd, was soon incorporated in Bermuda in 2004 to reflect this acquisition. In 2005 the business was rebranded under a single group brand, BW.

Bergesen's beginnings

Sigval Bergesen d.y. hailed from a shipping family. His great-grandfather Berge Bergesen started a shipping company in 1840 and his father Sigval Bergesen founded his own in 1887. Sigval Bergesen d.y. joined his father's company in 1916 and after disagreeing with his father's refusal to commission two large 15,000 DWT tankers from Odense Steel Shipyard (which was owned by A.P. Møller), left the company with one of its contracts. He soon established his own company, then named Sig. Bergesen d.y. & Co., on 20 February 1935. The company was run by his partner, Erland Bassøe, for over four years after Sigval Bergesen d.y. accepted A.P. Møller's job offer and served as the latter's right-hand man. The company first ship, Président de Vogüé, was launched in May 1935. Charles Racine, named after Sigval Bergesen d.y.'s grandfather, joined the fleet in 1937 and Anders Jahre, named after the famed Norwegian shipping tycoon, was acquired in 1939.

The Bergesen Fleet during the Second World War

Just before the Second World War, Sigval Bergesen d.y. shifted the company headquarter from Stavanger to Oslo to facilitate communication with business contacts. The Stavanger office became a branch office which continued to be overseen by Erland Bassøe. During the war, the company's fleet of Président de Vogüé, Charles Racine, and Anders Jahre was considered modern for its time and also fully in operation. The ships temporary entered the management and operation of the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship). Charles Racine was sunk by three torpedoes on 10 March 1942 although her whole crew was rescued. Anders Jahre continued sailing independently most of the time although she joined a convoy whenever she sailed from the Persian Gulf or an Indian Port. The last ship, Président de Vogüé, was active in the Atlantic Ocean during the war. When she sailed into Stavanger's port on 20 May 1945, she was the first ship under Nortraship to return to Norway.

Rosenberg Shipyard

Years of working for A.P. Møller, no doubt convinced Sigval Bergesen d.y. of the strategic importance of having a shipyard. After learning that Norges Bank intended to sell its Rosenberg Mekaniske Verksted shares, Sigval Bergesen d.y. bought those shares at a price decided by the bank. As such, he gained a quarter of the shipyard's shares and would later go on to secure full ownership. Rosenberg delivered Berge Bergesen, a 16000 DWT vessel, in 1951 and then Crown Princess Märtha of Norway was the ship's sponsor. At the point of its creation, it was the largest vessel ever constructed in Norway. Initially Rosenberg's building berth could only fit vessels of 33000 DWT and below. A larger dry dock that could fit vessels of 85000 DWT and below was built to meet the company's demand for greater tonnage. The shipyard was also expanded in the 1960s so it could construct even bigger vessels of up to 160000 DWT. Nonetheless, after nearly 27 years, 43 vessels and much investment in the shipyard's facilities, it became apparent that Rosenberg could no longer fulfil the company's needs and was sold off on 1 January 1970. During its years under Bergesen's ownership, Rosenberg was graced by many notable guests. King Haakon VII, Crown Princess Märtha, King Olav V, Princess Astrid and Norwegian Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen were some of the illustrious visitors to the shipyard.

Sigval Bergesen d.y.'s retirement

Sigval Bergesen d.y. retired in 1976 at the age of 83. The control of his company went to Jacob E. Jacobsen and Sigval Bergesen d.y.'s grandsons Morten Sigval Bergesen and Petter C. G. Sundt. Jacob E. Jacobsen had been with the company since the very start while both grandsons were made partners a year before taking over the leadership. Sigval Bergesen d.y. passed away on 7 May 1980 at the age of 87.

Starting and expanding a gas tanker fleet

In 1974, Fearnley & Eger, a shipping company likewise based in Norway, decided to expand its gas tanker fleet and commissioned seven gas carriers. One order was passed to Bergesen and another to Gotaas-Larsen A/S. However, Fearnley & Eger faced financial difficulty in seeing the remaining deals through and another four of their contracts were transferred to Bergesen. Bergesen would also acquire the other vessel from Gotaas-Larsen A/S. These six LPG tankers were the first of Bergesen's gas tanker fleet. By the late 1980s, Bergesen was a prominent owner and operator of large LPG tankers. In 1999, it was decided that Bergesen would specialise in large and very large gas carriers while A.P. Møller managed small gas carriers and Exmar focused on medium gas carriers.

Going public and expansion

On 1 January 1986, the various companies under Bergesen d.y. Group were merged and renamed Bergesen d.y. A/S. The company was listed on Oslo Børs a few months later on the 9th of September. The company also began acquiring other companies. It acquired Den Norske Amerikalinje in 1995 but soon sold it to Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA. Its acquisition of Havtor AS, a gas carrier company, in 1996 increased its fleet size to over 90 vessels and cemented its position as a leading shipping company. Bergesen also diversified with its purchase of large ore carriers and FPSOs. Between 1986 and 2000, Bergesen acquired many large ore carriers including Berge Stahl (the biggest ore carrier in the world at 364767 DWT until Vale Brasil broke the record in 2011), Bergeland, Berge Nord, Berge Atlantic, Berge Pacific, and Berge Arctic. The company also had experience in the offshore sector with pipe-laying ship Berge Worker and FPSOs Berge Sisar and Berge Troll. As such, after negotiating with Statoil, it succeeded in attaining shared ownership of Berge Hugin which was converted into an FPSO in 1998.

Acquisition and delisting

World-Wide Shipping acquired the cousins' shares in April 2003. World-Wide then mounted a public offer and accumulated over 90% of the shares and Bergesen was privatised.

Leadership of BW Group

In 1990 third-generation leadership joined the company with Dr. Helmut Sohmen's eldest son, Andreas Sohmen-Pao. Sohmen-Pao has an M.B.A. with distinction from Harvard Business School and a double first class Honours Degree (B.A. Hons) from Oxford University in Oriental Studies in 1993. He worked at Goldman Sachs International in London before joining World-Wide Shipping in London, serving positions in various divisions of World-Wide Shipping before assuming the role of BW Group CEO in 2009. Sohmen-Pao stepped down as Chief Executive Officer of BW Group on April 1, 2015. After 44 years with the company, Dr. Sohmen retired in 2014 as Chairman of BW Group and his son Andreas Sohmen-Pao assumed that role. The Executive Committee consists of Executive Chairman Andreas Sohmen-Pao, CFO Sebastien Brochet, Managing Directors Yngvil Eriksson Åsheim, Andreas Beroutsos, Erik Strømsø, and Executive Vice Presidents Billy Chiu and Nicholas Fell.

Companies under BW Group

Overview

The BW Group comprises BW LNG, BW LPG, BW Epic Kosan, BW Offshore, BW Energy, BW Dry Cargo, BW Solar, Hafnia, DHT, Navigator Gas, and Cadeler.

BW LNG

BW LNG creates floating solutions for LNG to support progress towards a low-carbon society. It is a global company with over 40 years of experience owning and operating LNG assets from 7 offices around the world. After an expansion in the early 2000s which secured the company a number of long-term charters, BW LNG now owns a fleet of 30 LNG carriers and Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU). The company receives its first FSRU, BW Singapore, in 2015. BW LNG strives to be a true long-term partner for responsible growth, delivering a positive impact for its customers, the community, and the planet, beyond providing competitive solutions for its clients’ gas infrastructure and shipping needs. It is headed by MD Yngvil Asheim, Head of Commericial (Oslo) Petter Lindvig Larsøn, Head of IT and Digitalisation Harald Martin Myhre, Head of Fleet Management Ashok Krishnan, Head of Commerical (Americas) Gonzalo Ramirez, Head of Operational Excellence Ragnhild Lindqvist, and Head of Commercial (Asia and the Middle East) Akbar Sha.

BW LPG

BW LPG is the world’s largest owner and operator of very large liquefied petroleum gas carriers. The company owns and operates Very Large Gas Carriers (VLGCs) with a total carrying capacity of over 3 million cubic metres (CBM). The company transports LPG safely and sustainably to world markets, using its scale and maritime expertise to help propel the world’s transition towards a cleaner source of energy. With five decades of operating experience in LPG shipping and experienced seafarers and staff, BW LPG offers a flexible and reliable service to customers. BW LPG uses its global footprint to champion competitive, sustainable solutions to secure enduring value for its stakeholders and society. From spot voyages and time charters to Contracts of Affreightment (CoAs), BW LPG’s flexible and reliable service has earned the trust of leading oil companies as well as trading and utility companies. The company is headquartered in Singapore and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange under the ticker code BWLPG. BW Group owns 44% of the shares in the company.

BW Epic Kosan

BW Epic Kosan is the world leader in last-mile delivery of LPG and other speciality gases and petrochemicals. The company owns and operates the world's largest fleet of gas carriers providing seaborne services for the transportation of liquefied petroleum gas and petrochemicals. It controls a fleet of 76 vessels that serve the international supply chains of leading oil majors and commodity traders throughout Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. BW Epic Kosan is headquartered in Singapore, with Copenhagen as a regional office alongside offices in London, Manila, and Tokyo. it is listed on Euronext Growth Oslo under the ticker code EPICME. BW Group owns 58% of the shares in the company.

BW Offshore

With four decades of experience in operating advanced offshore production systems and executing complex projects, BW Offshore has cultivated a culture of thorough engineering, trust and teamwork throughout the organisation. The company aims to create tailored energy solutions for evolving global markets. The use of existing FPSOs to trigger offshore developments has been an instrumental part of BW Offshore’s strategy, as FPSO redeployments require less time and capital than traditional tanker conversions or newbuilds. This approach led to the creation of BW Energy, an E&P company involved in the acquisition, development and production of proven oil and natural gas fields. BW Energy was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 2020, with BW Offshore and BW Group as main shareholders. BW Offshore is headquartered in Singapore and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange under the ticker code BWO. BW Group owns 50% of the shares in the company.

BW Energy

BW Energy is involved in the acquisition, development and production of proven offshore oil and natural gas fields. Currently, the company holds majority interests in three hydrocarbon licenses in Gabon, Brazil and Namibia. BW Energy is represented in all major oil and gas regions worldwide in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe. BW Energy has its beginnings as the E&P arm of Oslo-listed BW Offshore, a company with over 35 years of production track record and a fleet of 15 owned FPSOs. BW Energy has access to existing FPSOs to reduce time to first oil and cash flow with lower investments than traditional offshore developments. The main assets are 73.5% of the producing Dussafu Marine Permit offshore Gabon and a 95% interest in the Maromba field in Brazil, both operated by the company. Total net 2P+2C reserves were 247 million barrels at the start of 2020. The company is headquartered in Singapore and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange under the ticker code BWE. BW Group owns 35% of the shares in the company.

BW Dry Cargo

BW Dry Cargo is a leading shipowner with a fleet of modern bulk carriers ranging from Supramax to Capesize. The company was founded in 2016 and is the dry cargo arm in BW Group. BW Dry Cargo acts purely as a tonnage provider and consists of a small and ambitious team with years of experience serving clients from the industry. BW Dry Cargo is commercially operated by BW Dry Cargo ApS Copenhagen, Denmark who acts as an agent to Owners.

BW Solar

BW Solar is led by an experienced team that has built some of the first solar and storage projects in the world. The company's mission is to play an active role in the energy transition by empowering communities to rely on clean energy to power their lives. Being a privately held company, BW Solar has the agility to adapt to the fast-moving regulatory and technological landscape. It focuses on maximising development value rather than short-term cash flows, ensuring that the company can provide the lowest levelized cost of energy. BW Solar is headquartered in Ontario, Canada, and it is supported by BW Group’s global team of development, technical, operational, financial and legal professionals..

Hafnia

Hafnia is one of the world’s leading oil product tanker owners and operators. The company provides sustainable transportation of oil and oil products to leading national and international oil companies, major chemical companies, as well as trading and utility companies. It has a solid history in chartering, operations and technical management and strives to offer customers the best solution for their transportation needs. This solution-focused approach has resulted in a strong reputation and the company remains committed to being a responsible member of the industry and operating to the highest ethical standards. The company is headquartered in Singapore and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange under the ticker code HAFNI. BW Group owns 67% of the shares in the company.

DHT

DHT is an experienced organization that focuses on first-rate operations and customer service. The fleet trades internationally and consists of crude oil tankers in the Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) segment, all built at quality shipyards. As a business, DHT has a prudent capital structure to accommodate staying power through the business cycles, and a countercyclical philosophy with respects to investments, employment of its fleet, and capital allocation. It also maintains a combination of market exposure and fixed income contracts for its fleet. Through its business strategy and its transparent corporate structure that maintains a high level of integrity and governance, DHT delivers maximum value to its stakeholders and quality service to its customers. DHT operates through its integrated management companies in Monaco, Singapore, and Oslo. The company is headquartered in Singapore and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker code DHT. BW Group owns 17% of the shares in the company.

Navigator Gas

Navigator Gas has the world's largest fleet of handysize liquefied gas carriers. The company is also a global leader in the seaborne transportation services of a petrochemical gases, such as ethylene and ethene, LPG, and ammonia. It owns a 50% share in an ethylene export marine terminal at Morgan's Point, Texas on the Houston Ship Channel. Navigator’s fleet consists of 38 semi- or fully-refrigerated liquefied gas carriers, 14 of which are ethylene and ethane capable. The company plays a vital role in the liquefied gas supply chain for energy companies, industrial consumers and commodity traders, with its sophisticated vessels providing an efficient and reliable ‘floating pipeline.’ The company is headquartered in London and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker code NVGS. BW Group owns 39% of the shares in the company.

Cadeler

Cadeler is a key supplier within the offshore wind industry for installation services, operation, and maintenance works. The company has delivered numerous commercial scale offshore wind projects across Northern Europe, using its two high-end Windfarm Installation Vessels (WIVs), Wind Orca and Wind Osprey. Its efficient WIVs offer great flexibility in the transport and installation of offshore wind turbine generators and foundations. The WIVs are also well suited for a diverse range of other offshore construction and decommissioning projects offering a highly versatile jacking system and a state-of-the-art heavy life crane.

References

1. Hutcheon, Robert (1990). First Sea Lord: The Life and Work of Sir Y. K. Pao. Chinese University Press. ISBN 9622014542.
2. Sohmen, Anna (2014). Y.K. pao: My Father. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 988808383X.
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8. Sohmen, Anna (2014). Y.K. pao: My Father. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 988808383X.
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11. World-Wide Shipping: The Voyage of a Half Century. 2005. p. 39.
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16. "2000s: A New Identity". BW Group. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
17. Eriksen, Svein, ed. (2003). The Bergesen Fleet 1935 - 2003. Bergesen d.y. ASA. p. 17. ISBN 82-993384-2-5.
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23. Eriksen, Svein, ed. (2003). The Bergesen Fleet 1935 - 2003. Bergesen d.y. ASA. p. 35. ISBN 82-993384-2-5.
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31. Wong, Adlena; Fell, Nick, eds. (2015). "Meet Carsten Mortensen". WorldHorizon. No. 1. BW Group. pp. 6, 7.
32. Lim, Lisa; Fell, Nick, eds. (2014). "Chairman's Message". WorldHorizon. No. 3. BW Group. pp. 2, 3.
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36. LPG, BW. "About Us". BW LPG. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
37. "Homepage". Navigator Gas. Retrieved 2021-05-04.

External links

• BW Group website
• BW LPG website
• BW Epic Kosan website
• BW Offshore website
• BW Energy website
• BW Solar website
• Hafnia website
• DHT website
• Navigator Gas website
• Cadeler website
  

• BW Group
• Shipping companies of Norway
• Shipping companies of Hong Kong
• Companies established in 2003
• 2003 establishments in Norway
• Gas shipping companies
• Floating production storage and offloading vessel operators