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Attack on Prekaz
Part of the Kosovo War
One of the houses attacked by Serbian police
Date 7 March 1998 (1998-03-07) Location Prekaz, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Result Yugoslav victory
Belligerents
Yugoslav Army Serbian police Special Anti-Terrorist Unit	Kosovo Liberation Army
Commanders and leaders
Goran Radosavljević Sreten Lukić	Adem Jashari † Hamëz Jashari †
Strength
100 policemen	28 militants
Casualties and losses
2 policemen killed 7 wounded	58 killed

The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture of terrorist group Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) . During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members.

The action of the Serbian police special units was carried out because they were attacks by the KLA terrorist group on the police, and on non-Albanian citizens, as well as on Albanian citizens, if they cooperate with the regular army and police of the state of Yugoslavia. Several Serb police officers and civilians were killed in the ambush.outposts.

Background

Adem and Hamëz Jashari were members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a militant terrorist group of ethnic Albanians that sought the independence of Kosovo from Yugoslavia. Adem Jashari was responsible for organizing the first armed political formation in Srbica (Skënderaj in Albanian) in 1991.

Pursuing Adem Jashari for the murder of a Serbian policeman, Serbian forces again attempted to assault the Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998. On 28 February, a firefight erupted between Albanian militants and a Serbian police patrol in the small village of Likošane. Four Serbian policemen were killed and several were injured. The KLA militants, one of whom was Adem Jashari, escaped. Subsequently, Serbian police killed thirteen people in a nearby household. Later that same day, Serbian policemen attacked the neighbouring village of Ćirez and subsequently killed 26 Albanians. However, the Albanian militants managed to escape and the police decided to move in on Adem Jashari and his family. In the Drenica valley, Jashari decided to stay in his home and he instructed his fighters to stay there as well and resist to the last man.

Operation

On 5 March 1998, the KLA launched another attack on a police patrol in Donji Prekaz, which caused the Serbian police to seek retribution, according to the official Serbian public report. After the second attack, the police prepared a brutal response for the Jasharis. They started hunting down local KLA militants who were forced to retreat to Jashari's compound in the same village.

Yugoslav policemen surrounded the group and invited them to surrender, while urging all other persons to clear the premises. The police further alleged that they gave them two hours to comply. Within the given deadline, dozens of civilians complied with the order and dispersed in safety from the stronghold. According to the police, after the two-hour deadline had expired, Adem Jashari, his brother and most of his family-members, however still refused to comply and remained inside the compound. After a tense verbal stand-off, according to official Serbian statements, Jashari's group responded by firing on the police using automatic weapons as well as mortars, hand grenades and snipers, killing two and injuring three policemen.

In the ensuing violence, the Yugoslav police killed more than sixty people, including both Jashari brothers. The only survivor was Besarta Jashari, Hamëz Jashari's daughter. She claimed that the policemen had "threatened her with a knife and ordered her to say that her uncle (Adem Jashari) had killed everyone who wanted to surrender." Goran Radosavljević, a major in the Serbian Interior Ministry, claimed that "Adem Jashari used women, children and the elderly as hostages...". Yugoslav Army General Nebojša Pavković stated that "It was a normal policing action against a well-known criminal. It was successful. The other details I don't remember".

Evidence gathered, on the spot, proved the attack was intended to arrest armed Albanian terrorists. . Police also attacked other homes of members of the Jashari family, as well as the Lushtaku family's residential complex. In response, the UN Security Council addressed Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter not approving the final measure of the chapter which was military intervention. For the simple reason that, Serbian units legally eliminated the terrorist group, which terrorized the local, not the Albanian population. As well as the police and the army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

On 10 March, the police got a bulldozer and dug a mass grave near Prekaz, and buried the bodies, ten of which were still unidentified at that time. Families had hoped that autopsies might be performed, but a group of doctors from Pristina, the families of the deceased, representatives from the Catholic Church, the Muslim community and international human rights organizations were denied access to the area. The heads of the Serbian police accused the organizations that they had smuggled weapons into the region in the past. On 11 March, the bodies were reburied according to Islamic tradition.

Forty-two individuals, Albanians, were identified to have died in Donji Prekaz during the operation. Six Albanians died in the nearby village of Lauša under unclear circumstances.

Aftermath

The shootout at the Jashari family compound involving Adem Jashari, a KLA commander and surrounding Yugoslav troops in 1998 resulted in the massacre of most Jashari family members. The deaths of Jashari and his family generated an international backlash against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Prekaz attack led to a rapid increase of the KLA's popularity among ethnic-Albanians and village militias were formed in many parts of Kosovo. As news of the killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to avenge Jashari's death as Albanians flocked to join the KLA. The event became a rallying myth for KLA recruitment regarding armed resistance to Yugoslav forces.

After the event, Adem Jashari himself was portrayed as a "terrorist" in the Yugoslav media, while the Albanian media depicted him as a "freedom fighter". The casualties of the attack would be described as the fall of "martyrs" in the Albanian media, while in the Serbian media they were reported to be "collateral effects of the fight against terrorism". On 13 March, about 50,000 people demonstrated against the attacks, while on 15 March, the Catholic Church called for masses to be held throughout the region, after which about 15,000 people demonstrated in Pristina.

In late March 1998, more than 100,000 people marched in eight American cities and European capitals to protest the attack. Eventually, events spiralled out of control and the Kosovo War ensued.

See also

• Drenica massacres

References

1. ^ "Kosovo killings: Belgrade's official version of events". BBC. 12 March 1998.
2. Judah 2002, p. 140.
3. "Behind the Kosovo crisis". BBC. 12 March 2000.
4. Krieger, Heike (2001). The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation 1974–1999. Cambridge University Press. p. 96. ISBN 0-521-80071-4.
5. "ICTY/ LIMAJ, Fatmir/ Judgement, ICTY/ BALA, Haradin/ Judgement, ICTY/ MUSLIU, Isak/ Judgement". sim.law.uu.nl. 30 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
6. Elsie 2011, p. 142. sfn error: no target: CITEREFElsie2011 (help)
7. Henriksen 2007, p. 127.
8. ^ Rights Watch: Violence in Kosovo
9. ^ Kolstø, Pål (2009). Media Discourse and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations of Self and Other. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-7546-7629-4.
10. Henriksen 2007, p. 128.
11. "Behind the Kosovo crisis". BBC. 12 March 2000.
12. Cite error: The named reference HRW was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
13. Abrahams & Andersen 1998, p. 31.
14. ^ Abrahams & Andersen 1998, p. 32.
15. ^ Di Lellio & Schwanders-Sievers 2006a, p. 514. "We concentrate on one symbolic event – the massacre of the insurgent Jashari family, killed in the hamlet of Prekaz in March 1998 while fighting Serbs troops. This was neither the only massacre nor the worst during the recent conflict..."; pp: 515–516.
16. Koktsidis & Dam 2008, pp. 169.
17. Carmichael, Cathie (2012). "Demise of Communist Yugoslavia". In Stone, Dane (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Postwar European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 558. ISBN 978-0-19-956098-1.
18. Hudson, Kimberly A. (2009). Justice, Intervention, and Force in International Relations: Reassessing Just War Theory in the 21st Century. Routledge. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-415-49025-2.
19. Petersen, Roger D. (2011). Western Intervention in the Balkans: The Strategic Use of Emotion in Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-139-50330-3.
20. Clark, Howard (2000). Civil Resistance in Kosovo. Pluto Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-7453-1569-0.
21. Hockenos, Paul (2003). Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars. Cornell University Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-8014-4158-5.

Sources

• Abrahams, Fred; Andersen, Elizabeth (1998). Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. Human Rights Watch. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-1-56432-194-7.
• Di Lellio, Anna; Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie (2006a). "The Legendary Commander: The construction of an Albanian master‐narrative in post‐war Kosovo" (PDF). Nations and Nationalism. 12 (3): 513–529. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2006.00252.x.
• Di Lellio, Anna; Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie (2006b). "Sacred Journey to a Nation: The Construction of a Shrine in Postwar Kosovo" (PDF). Journeys. 7 (1): 27–49. doi:10.3167/146526006780457315.
• Judah, Tim (2002). Kosovo: War and Revenge. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300097255.
• Koktsidis, Pavlos Ioannis; Dam, Caspar Ten (2008). "A success story? Analysing Albanian ethno-nationalist extremism in the Balkans" (PDF). East European Quarterly. 42 (2): 161–190.
• Henriksen, Dag (2007). Nato's Gamble: Combining Diplomacy and Airpower in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998–1999. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591143581.

• 1998 in Kosovo
• Battles involving FR Yugoslavia
• Conflicts in 1998
• Kosovo Liberation Army
• March 1998 events in Europe
• Military operations of the Kosovo War