Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 04:59, 11 May 2021

Microsoft Edge

File:Microsoft Edge Screenshot (2018).pngMicrosoft Edge on Windows 10, using the dark theme.
Original author(s)	Microsoft
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	July 29, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-07-29)
Stable release(s) [±]
Windows, macOS, Linux 131.0.2903.112 / December 19, 2024; 23 days ago (2024-12-19) Android 131.0.2903.134 / January 2, 2025; 9 days ago (2025-01-02) iOS, iPadOS, visionOS 131.0.2903.134 / January 2, 2025; 9 days ago (2025-01-02)
Preview release(s)
Beta channel: 90.0.818.38 Dev channel: 91.0.852.0 Canary channel: 91.0.857.0
Engines	Android: Blink iOS/iPadOS: WebKit macOS: Blink Microsoft Windows: EdgeHTML (2014–2019) Blink (2019–present) Linux: Blink Xbox One: EdgeHTML Blink (Currently in preview) Xbox Series X/S: Blink (Currently in preview)
Operating system	Android iOS macOS 10.12 and later Windows 7 and later Linux (specifically Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and openSUSE distributions) Xbox One System Software
Platform	IA-32 x86-64 ARM32 ARM64
Included with	Windows 10 Windows 10 Mobile Xbox One System Software
License	Proprietary software a component of Windows 10
Website	www.microsoft.com/edge

Microsoft Edge is a cross-platform web browser developed by Microsoft. It was first released for Windows 10 and Xbox One in 2015, then for Android and iOS in 2017, for macOS in 2019, and as a preview for Linux in October 2020.

Edge was initially built with Microsoft's own proprietary browser engine EdgeHTML and their Chakra JavaScript engine, a version now referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy. In 2019, Microsoft announced plans to rebuild the browser as Chromium-based with Blink and V8 engines. During development (codenamed Anaheim), Microsoft made preview builds of Edge available on Windows 7.x, 8.x, 10, and macOS. Microsoft announced the public release of the new Edge on January 15, 2020. In June 2020, Microsoft began automatic rollout of the new version via Windows Update for Windows 7, 8.1, and Windows 10 versions from 1803 to 2004. Microsoft stopped releasing security patches for Edge Legacy from March 9, 2021, and released a security update on April 13, 2021, which replaced Edge Legacy with Chromium-based Edge. Microsoft released the Chromium-based Edge to the Xbox Insider Alpha Skip Ahead group on March 6, 2021.

Features

Microsoft Edge is the default web browser on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S consoles, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile. As its development and release is dependent on the model of Windows as a service, it is not included in Windows 10 Enterprise Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) builds.

Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy Trident (MSHTML) layout engine for backwards compatibility, but later said that, due to "strong feedback," Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine.

Favorites, reading list, browsing history and downloads are viewed at the Hub, a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer's Downloads manager and Favorites Center.

Edge features a PDF reader and supports asm.js. Until January 2021, Edge also featured an integrated Adobe Flash Player (with an internal whitelist allowing Flash applets on Facebook websites to load automatically, bypassing all other security controls requiring user activation).

Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects, instead it uses an extension system.

Internet Explorer 11 remains available alongside Edge on Windows 10 for compatibility; it remains identical to the Windows 8.1 version and does not use the Edge engine as was previously announced.

Edge integrates with Microsoft's online platforms to provide voice control, search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive, and can save HTML and MHTML pages to their computers. It also integrates with the "Reading List" function and provides a "Reading Mode" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility.

Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291, three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns.

EdgeHTML

EdgeHTML was the proprietary layout engine originally developed for Edge. It was a fork of Trident which removed all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer, with the majority of its source code rewritten to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers. EdgeHTML was written in C++.

The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build.

EdgeHTML was meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari, Chrome and other browsers. Microsoft stated their original acceptance criteria: "Any Edge–WebKit differences are bugs that we’re interested in fixing."

A review of the engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over Trident, particularly JavaScript engine performance, which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome. Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

HTML5 standards

Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus, but these were later added in Edge 14.14291. The EdgeHTML version of Microsoft Edge remains installed for compatibility reasons, but Windows will hide it (version 44.19041.1.0).

As of August 2020, Edge 84 had scored 496/555 on HTML5test.

Release strategy

Microsoft Edge legacy's release cadence was tied to the Windows 10 release cycle and used the Windows Insider Program to preview new versions of the browser. These pre-release builds were known as "Edge Preview". Every major release of Windows included an updated version of Edge and its render engine.

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channel that same day with the first preview builds off the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels". As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 6 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases.

Development

Spartan (2014–2019)

In December 2014, writing for ZDNet, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed "Spartan" for Windows 10. She said that "Spartan" would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer, with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility.

In early January 2015, The Verge obtained further details surrounding "Spartan" from sources close to Microsoft, including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both the desktop and mobile versions of Windows 10. Microsoft officially unveiled "Spartan" during a Windows 10-focused keynote on January 21, 2015. It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer, its final name was not announced.

"Spartan" was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049, released on March 30, 2015. The new engine used by "Spartan" was available in Windows 10 builds as part of Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows 10 and would not use the "Spartan" engine.

On April 29, 2015, during the Build Conference keynote, it was announced that "Spartan" would officially be known as Microsoft Edge. The browser's logo and branding were designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer. The Project "Spartan" branding was used in versions released after Build 2015. On June 25, 2015, Microsoft released version 19.10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand. On June 28, 2015, version 20.10158 followed for the desktop versions, also including the updated branding. On July 15, 2015, Microsoft released version 20.10240 as the final release to Insiders. The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29, 2015.

On August 12, 2015, Microsoft started the preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge. They released version 20.10512 to Mobile users. 6 days later followed by version 20.10525 for desktop users. The preview received multiple updates. On November 5, 2015, Microsoft released version 25.10586 as the final release for Edge's second public release for desktop users. On November 12, the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of the New Xbox Experience Update. On November 18, 2015, the update was to Windows 10 Mobile. Finally, on November 19, 2015, the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4.

In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS. The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows 10 PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports do not use the same layout engine as the desktop version and instead use OS-native WebKit-based engines.

In April 2018, Edge added tab audio muting. In June 2018, support for the Web Authentication specifications were added to Windows Insider builds, with support for Windows Hello and external security tokens.

Microsoft stopped supporting legacy Microsoft Edge on March 9, 2021. On April 13, 2021, Microsoft released a cumulative monthly security update which replace legacy Edge with the new Edge.

Spartan release history

Anaheim (2019–present)

On December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code, using the same rendering engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for Windows 7, Windows 8 and macOS, plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis. According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one.

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public.

On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform. The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Microsoft Internet Explorer for Mac, which was withdrawn in January 2006.

On June 18, 2019 IAmA post on Reddit, an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility.

On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on both Windows 7 and Windows 8 for testing.

On August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and macOS.

August 2019 also saw the removal of support for the EPUB file format. At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo.

The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020. This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development. The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020.

Support for the new Edge on Windows 7 will end on January 15, 2022.

Anaheim release history

Performance

Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine—included in the first beta release of Edge in Windows 10 Build 10049—had drastically better JavaScript performance than Trident 7 in Internet Explorer 11, with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed faster than other browsers, while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.

Later benchmarks conducted with the version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049. According to Microsoft's benchmark result, this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and Apple's Jetstream benchmark.

In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on the HTML5test. Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively, while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312.

In August 2015, Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders, which included Edge 21.10532.0. This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test.

In July 2016, with the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders, the HTML5test score of the browser's development version was 460 out of 555 points. Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored 456 and Safari 9.1 scored 370.

Power efficiency

In June 2016, Microsoft published benchmark results to prove superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers. Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top. Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft's results. However, tests conducted by Linus Sebastian in June 2017 instead showed that, at that time, Chrome had the best battery performance.

Reception

In an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar, Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance, despite not being in a feature-complete state at launch. Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised the browser for being "tremendously promising" and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was" but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch. Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack of user friendliness, poor design and a tab system that is "so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release". He described the browser's implemented features as "some sort of cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating doesn't even begin to describe it".

Data from August 2015, a few weeks after release, showed that user uptake of Edge was low, with only 2% of overall computer users using the new browser. Among Windows 10 users usage peaked at 20% and then dropped to 14% through August 2015.

In October 2015, a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user's profile directory, theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited. The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016, and was fixed with a cumulative update on February 9, 2016.

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's engine has faced mixed reception. The move increases consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers. For this reason, the move has attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google (developer of the Blink layout engine) on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine.

According to Douglas J Leith, a computer science professor from Trinity College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers. In response, a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product.

In June 2020, users criticized newly released Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission. Microsoft responded stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission, then Edge will delete the imported data. However, if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import, then the already imported data will not be cleared. The Verge called these "spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first run experience" a "dark pattern".

Market share

According to StatCounter, in August 2019 Edge overtook the market share of Internet Explorer (IE) on PC, Edge in fourth place and IE in fifth. While IE's share dropped, no single version of Edge is more popular than Internet Explorer 11. The market share for Edge remains low, with IE following in this trend. Mobile versions of Edge exist for Android and iOS, however they have little to no market share. On Microsoft consoles, Edge replaced IE as the dominant browser a few months after its release in 2015. Market share varies by region. On some days of the week, Edge takes second place with a 10.02% share in the US on PC, and Firefox and Edge have very similar share globally, switch places for second and third rank depending on the day. For example, in March 2020, Edge ranked the second with market share of 7.59%, overtaking Firefox, which had 7.19% of market share.

References

1. "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. December 19, 2024. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
2. ^ "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Mobile Stable Channel". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. December 26, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
3. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (October 5, 2017). "Microsoft is bringing new Edge apps to iOS, Android". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018.
4. ^ Weber, Jason (January 21, 2015). "Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015.
5. Novet, Jordan (May 5, 2015). "Microsoft says it has no plans to open-source its new Edge browser … yet". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017.
6. Belfiore, Joe (October 5, 2017). "Announcing Microsoft Edge for iOS and Android, Microsoft Launcher". Windows Blogs. Microsoft.
7. Belfiore, Joe (November 30, 2017). "Microsoft Edge now available for iOS and Android". Windows Blogs. Microsoft.
8. "Introducing the first Microsoft Edge preview builds for macOS". Microsoft Edge Blog. May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
9. ^ Warren, Tom (September 22, 2020). "Microsoft's Edge browser is arriving on Linux in beta next month". The Verge. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
10. ^ Foley, Mary Jo (October 20, 2020). "Microsoft releases Chromium-based Edge preview for Linux". ZDNet. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
11. Microsoft (2020). "What is Microsoft Edge Legacy?". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
12. Belfiore, Joe (December 6, 2018), Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration, Microsoft
13. "Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent". Microsoft Edge Team. December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
14. Warren, Tom (June 19, 2019). "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser now available on Windows 7 and Windows 8". The Verge. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
15. Foley, Mary Jo. "Microsoft's Chromium-based Edge browser to be generally available January 15, 2020". ZDNet. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
16. Tung, Liam. "Windows 10: Microsoft begins automatically pushing Chromium Edge to users". ZDNet. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
17. New Microsoft Edge to replace Microsoft Edge Legacy with April's Windows 10 Update Tuesday release, Microsoft, February 12, 2021
18. Warren, Tom (March 7, 2021). "Microsoft starts testing Edge Chromium browser on Xbox". The Verge. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
19. ^ Warren, Tom (March 24, 2015). "Microsoft relegates Internet Explorer to a 'legacy engine' to make way for new browser". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015.
20. "Overview of Windows as a service (Windows 10)". Microsoft. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
21. Foley, Mary Jo. "Some Windows 10 Enterprise users won't get Microsoft's Edge browser". ZDNet. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
22. Keizer, Gregg (November 29, 2018). "FAQ: Windows 10 LTSB explained". Computerworld. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
23. Sams, Brad (March 24, 2015). "Microsoft says IE 11 will remain unchanged from Windows 8.1, Spartan is the future". Neowin. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015.
24. "Get to know Microsoft Edge". support.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018.
25. "Favorites Center - IEBlog". blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018.
26. "Windows 10's New Browser Microsoft Edge: Improved, But Also New Risks". trendmicro.com. July 29, 2015. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
27. Cimpanu, Catalin. "Microsoft Edge lets Facebook run Flash code behind users' backs". ZDNet. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
28. ^ Rossi, Jacob (November 11, 2014). "Living on the Edge – our next step in helping the web just work". IEBlog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015.
29. Warren, Tom (January 27, 2015). "Microsoft reveals its Internet Explorer successor will support extensions". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017.
30. ^ Ingraham, Nathan (January 21, 2015). "Microsoft officially announces Spartan, its new web browser for Windows 10". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015.
31. Tina Sieber. "Everything You Need to Know About Microsoft Edge Browser Extensions". MakeUseOf. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
32. "What's powering Spartan? Internet Explorer, of course". Neowin. Archived from the original on December 16, 2015.
33. Foley, Mary Jo (January 22, 2015). "Microsoft's Spartan browser: What's under the hood". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
34. Hachamovitch, Dean (December 14, 2007), Internet Explorer 8 and Acid2: A Milestone, Microsoft, archived from the original on August 25, 2011
35. Rubino, Daniel (January 25, 2015). "Here's how to enable the Spartan Edge rendering engine for IE11 in Windows 10". Windows Central. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
36. "Building a more interoperable Web with Microsoft Edge". Blogs.windows.com. June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
37. Brett Howse (January 25, 2015). "Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains". anandtech.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
38. "Benchmark Deep-Dive: Microsoft Windows 10 Spartan Browser vs. IE11 vs. Google Chrome 41 vs. Mozilla Firefox". WinBuzzer. February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
39. "WebM, VP9 and Opus Support in Microsoft Edge". Windows Blog. Microsoft. April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
40. "Microsoft Edge "Google Chrome" Browser" https://www.howtogeek.com/659857/what-y ... e-browser
41. HTML5test Edge & Internet explorer https://html5test.com/results/desktop/timeline/edge.html
42. "What to expect in the new Microsoft Edge Insider Channels – Microsoft Edge Blog". blogs.windows.com. April 8, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
43. Foley, Mary Jo (December 29, 2014). "Microsoft is building a new browser as part of its Windows 10 push". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014.
44. Warren, Tom (January 8, 2015). "Windows 10s new browser will have the most advanced features ever". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017.
45. Warren, Tom (March 17, 2015). "Microsoft is killing off the Internet Explorer brand". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
46. "Project Spartan gets its first public outing in new Windows 10 build". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. March 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
47. Jacobsson Purewal, Sarah (February 19, 2015). "How to enable Spartan's Edge Rendering Engine in Windows 10". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015.
48. "The successor to Internet Explorer will be named Microsoft Edge". The Verge. April 29, 2015. Archived from the original on April 29, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
49. Sams, Brad (April 29, 2015). "Microsoft reveals Edge's new logo". Neowin. Neowin, LLC. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
50. "Microsoft Edge for iPhone and Android is out of beta". Engadget. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
51. Belfiore, Joe (October 5, 2017). "Announcing Microsoft Edge for iOS and Android, Microsoft Launcher". Windows Blogs. Microsoft. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017.
52. "Microsoft's Edge browser now lets you mute tabs". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
53. Sarkar; et al. (May 23, 2018). "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 17682". Microsoft. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
54. "Microsoft Edge now supports passwordless sign-ins". Engadget. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
55. "Microsoft Edge Classic support ends on March 9, 2021 - gHacks Tech News". www.ghacks.net. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
56. Salter, Jim (March 11, 2021). "Microsoft Edge is dead—long live Microsoft Edge". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
57. "Microsoft will uninstall its old Edge browser from Windows PCs on April 13th". Engadget. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
58. "Build 10240 now available for Windows Insiders in Fast and Slow rings". windows.com. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015.
59. "Microsoft Edge takes a wider lead against Chrome in JavaScript benchmarks". windowscentral.com. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015.
60. "Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 10586". Windows Experience Blog. November 5, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
61. "ORTC API is now available in Microsoft Edge". Microsoft Edge Dev Blog. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015.
62. "Windows 10 build 15063". Retrieved February 3, 2018.
63. "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Creators Update". April 11, 2017.
64. "Microsoft Edge build 16299 changelog - Microsoft Edge Developer". Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
65. "What's New in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update". October 17, 2017.
66. "Windows 10 build 15063". Retrieved May 3, 2018.
67. "What's new in Microsoft Edge in the Windows 10 April 2018 Update". April 30, 2018.
68. mattwojo. "What's new in EdgeHTML 18 - Microsoft Edge Development". aka.ms. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
69. "HTML and CSS3 support tables". caniuse.com. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
70. "Download an ePub app to keep reading e-books". support.microsoft.com.
71. Warren, Tom (December 6, 2018). "Microsoft is rebuilding its Edge browser on Chrome and bringing it to the Mac". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
72. Foley, Mary Jo. "Microsoft's Edge to morph into a Chromium-based, cross-platform browser". ZDNet. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
73. "Microsoft's Joe Belfiore opens up about difficult Edge decisions". May 6, 2019.
74. Protalinski, Emil (April 8, 2019). "Microsoft launches first Chromium Edge builds for Windows 10". Venturebeat. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
75. Foley, Mary Jo (May 20, 2019). "Microsoft releases first Chromium-based Edge preview for MacOS". ZDNet. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
76. Cimpanu, Catalin. "Microsoft Edge Reddit AMA: Edge might come to Linux". ZDNet. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
77. Warren, Tom (June 19, 2019). "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser now available on Windows 7 and Windows 8". The Verge. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
78. Warren, Tom (August 20, 2019). "Microsoft's Chromium Edge browser moves closer to release with new beta version". The Verge. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
79. "Microsoft Edge will no longer support ePub file format for e-books". Windows Central. August 23, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
80. Meisenzahl, Mary. "It looks like Microsoft is finally ditching the Internet Explorer branding for good with a revamped logo that looks like a wave". Business Insider. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
81. Warren, Tom (November 4, 2019). "Microsoft's Edge Chromium browser will launch on January 15th with a new logo". The Verge. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
82. Pflug, Klye (January 15, 2020). "Upgrading to the new Microsoft Edge". Windows Blogs.
83. Allen, Darren (November 6, 2019). "Hell freezes over as Microsoft Edge comes to Linux". Tech Radar. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
84. Endicott, Sean (May 20, 2020). "Microsoft Edge for Linux shown off briefly at Build 2020". Windows Central. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
85. "Microsoft Edge Supported Operating Systems". Microsoft Edge Enterprise. December 17, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
86. "Version 80.0.361.48: February 7". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
87. "Version 81.0.416.53: April 13". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
88. "Version 83.0.478.37: May 21". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
89. "Version 84.0.522.40: July 16". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
90. "Version 85.0.564.41: August 27". Archived release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
91. "Version 86.0.622.38: October 9". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
92. "Version 87.0.664.41: November 19". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
93. "Version 88.0.705.50: January 21". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
94. "Version 88.0.705.74: February 17". Release notes for Microsoft Edge Stable Channel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
95. "Release notes for Microsoft Edge Beta Channel". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
96. "Dev channel build 90.0.782.0". Retrieved February 6, 2021.
97. "Canary channel build 90.0.782.0". December 2020.
98. "Windows 10 Best Browsers". April 26, 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016.
99. Howse, Brett (January 25, 2015). "Internet Explorer Project Spartan Shows Large Performance Gains". AnandTech. Purch. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
100. "Windows 10 Browser Benchmarks: Spartan vs. IE, Chrome, Firefox and Opera". April 1, 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015.
101. "Delivering fast JavaScript performance in Microsoft Edge". May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015.
102. Owen Williams (July 29, 2015). "Microsoft's Edge browser can win back bitter Web developers". The Next Web. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
103. "Edge HTML5 improvements teased for upcoming Windows 10 LP Insider build". Neowin. Neowin. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
104. Kasanmascheff, Markus (July 14, 2016). "Microsoft Details Edge Browser Benchmark Results to Prove Its Supremacy". WinBuzzer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
105. "Why we challenge Microsoft's battery test". Opera Desktop. June 22, 2016. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
106. "Which browser is best for battery life: We test Edge vs. Chrome vs. Opera vs. Firefox". June 27, 2016. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
107. "Google Chrome bests Microsoft Edge in new battery life tests". betanews.com. June 26, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
108. "Windows 10 Review". TechRadar. Future plc. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
109. "Review: Windows 10 is the best version yet—once the bugs get fixed". Ars Technica. July 29, 2015. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
110. "Windows: it's always the next version". OSNews. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
111. Max Slater-Robins (September 2, 2015). "Barely anybody is using Microsoft's new browser". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015. shows that Edge peaked at approximately 20% usage among Windows 10 users at the end of July, before dropping down to 14% by the end of August
112. "Microsoft Edge InPrivate browsing mode is full of fail and not private". NetworkWorld. IDG. February 2016. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
113. "KB3135173, OS build 10596.104". Microsoft. February 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
114. Shankland, Stephen. "Three years in, Microsoft gives up on independent Edge browser and embraces Google's Chromium instead". CNET. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
115. Warren, Tom (January 4, 2018). "Chrome is turning into the new Internet Explorer 6". The Verge. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
116. Leith, Douglas. "Web Browser Privacy: What Do Browsers Say When They Phone Home?" (PDF). Trinity College Dublin - School of Computer Science and Statistics. Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved March 24, 2021. From a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied. Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device. Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft, a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted.
117. Matyszczyk, Chris. "A professor says Edge is the worst for privacy. Microsoft isn't happy". ZDNet. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
118. "Microsoft Edge caught importing other browser data without permission". Komando.com. July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
119. "Is Edge taking browser data without permission? Here's what Microsoft says". Windows Central. June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
120. "Microsoft is forcing Edge on Windows users with a spyware-like install". www.theverge.com. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
121. ^ "Market Share for mobile, browsers". NetMarketShare. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
122. "Console Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
123. "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
124. "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
125. "Desktop Browser Market Share United States Of America". StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved September 21, 2019.

Further reading

• Weber, Jason (January 22, 2015). "Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog. Microsoft.

External links

• Official website
• Official website for preview builds of Chromium-based Microsoft Edge
• Microsoft Edge Team (April 22, 2020). "Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent".
• "Microsoft Edge open source projects - demos, tools, data". GitHub.
• "Incognito mode in old IE (and other browsers)". WikiHow (in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian). May 25, 2018.

• Internet

• Microsoft Edge
• 2015 software
• Cross-platform web browsers
• Universal Windows Platform apps
• Windows 10
• Windows components
• Windows web browsers
• Xbox One software
• IOS web browsers
• MacOS web browsers
• Android web browsers
• Freeware