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==Etymology== ==Etymology==
According to ], the Sanskrit '']-'' and ] ''vazra-'' both refer to a weapon of the Godhead, and are possibly from the Proto-Indo-European root ''*weg'-'' which means "to be(come) powerful". It is related to Proto-]-] ''*vaśara'', "]", but both the Sanskrit and Finno-Ugric derivatives are likely Proto-Aryan or Proto-Indo-Aryan but not Proto-Iranian, state Parpola and Carpelan, because of its ] ].{{sfn|Parpola|Carpelan|2005|p=118}}{{sfn|Asko Parpola|2015|pp=63-66, 114}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Q. Adams|title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA112|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-884964-98-5|page=112}}</ref> According to ], the Sanskrit '']-'' and ] ''vazra-'' both refer to a weapon of the Godhead, and are possibly from the Proto-Indo-European root ''*weg'-'' which means "to be(come) powerful". It is related to Proto-]-] ''*vaśara'', "]", but both the Sanskrit and Finno-Ugric derivatives are likely Proto-Aryan or Proto-Indo-Aryan but not Proto-Iranian, state Parpola and Carpelan, because of its ] ].{{sfn|Parpola|Carpelan|2005|p=118}}{{sfn|Asko Parpola|2015|pp=63-66, 114}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Douglas Q. Adams|title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&pg=PA112|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-884964-98-5|page=112}}</ref>

{{ill|Unto Salo|fi|Unto Salo|lt=Unto Salo}} believes that ], another Finnic sky god, is the origin of Ukko, but that as Ukko Ilmari experienced very significant, although far from total, influence from the ] especially in the form of ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Salo|first=Unto|title=Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. |year=1990|location=Turku|ISBN=951-649-695-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Salo|first=Unto|title=Ukko: The God of Thunder of the Ancient Finns And His Indo-european Family.|publisher=Inst for the Study of Man|year=2006|ISBN=978-0941694940}}</ref> Others believe that Ukko's original name was Baltic ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Siikala|first=Anna-Leena|title=Itämerensuomalaisten mytologia|publisher=SKS|year=2013|location=Helsinki}}</ref>


== See Also == == See Also ==

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Hammer-shaped pendants were carried as protection from the thunder god. A=Finnish Ukonvasara B=Scandinavian Thor's hammer C=Icelandic Thor's hammer
This kind of stone hammer could be the original meaning of Ukonvasara

Ukonvasara, or Ukonkirves, is the symbol and magical weapon of the Finnish thunder god Ukko, similar to Thor's Mjölnir. Ukonvasara means hammer of Ukko; similarly, Ukonkirves means axe of Ukko. It was said that Ukko created lightning with Ukonvasara.

Ukko's hammer was probably originally a boat-shaped stone axe. When stone tools were abandoned with the advent of metalworking, the origins of stone weapons became a mystery. Stone axes, so-called thunderstones (ukonvaaja in Finnish), were found in the ground, especially after drenching rains washed away dirt. They were believed to be weapons of Ukko, stone heads of the striking lightning. Shamans collected and held stone-axes because they were believed to hold the power to both heal and damage.

Modern Pagan Finns sometimes carry hammer or axe pendants around their necks, much like Christians sometimes wear crosses.

Etymology

According to Asko Parpola, the Sanskrit vajra- and Avestan vazra- both refer to a weapon of the Godhead, and are possibly from the Proto-Indo-European root *weg'- which means "to be(come) powerful". It is related to Proto-Finno-Uralic *vaśara, "hammer, axe", but both the Sanskrit and Finno-Ugric derivatives are likely Proto-Aryan or Proto-Indo-Aryan but not Proto-Iranian, state Parpola and Carpelan, because of its palatalized sibilant.

Unto Salo [fi] believes that Ilmari, another Finnic sky god, is the origin of Ukko, but that as Ukko Ilmari experienced very significant, although far from total, influence from the Indo-European sky god especially in the form of Thor. Others believe that Ukko's original name was Baltic Perkunas.

See Also

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  1. Parpola & Carpelan 2005, p. 118. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParpolaCarpelan2005 (help)
  2. Asko Parpola 2015, pp. 63–66, 114. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAsko_Parpola2015 (help)
  3. Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Routledge. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
  4. Salo, Unto (1990). Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. Turku. ISBN 951-649-695-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. Salo, Unto (2006). Ukko: The God of Thunder of the Ancient Finns And His Indo-european Family. Inst for the Study of Man. ISBN 978-0941694940.
  6. Siikala, Anna-Leena (2013). Itämerensuomalaisten mytologia. Helsinki: SKS.
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